1936-01-10 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, JANUARY 10.

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FRIDAY, JAN. 10, 1986.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

HOURS

Important deliberations on the question of working hours in the textile industry-a matter which concerns the Far East and the

MUST WE

BUILD

Α

A BIG

NAVY

T the Washington Naval Con-.

"A Navy is Built on the Shoulders of the Tax- payer" is a metaphor that is as true as it is mixed. To-day, delegates of five Powers Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France and Italy are hopelessly trying to attain a formula that will render the additional burden of super navies unneccssary. Each delegate has gone to the London Conference with strict instructions. If an

ference of 1921-1922 the war- 280,150 tons of grim warcraft on weary nations declared by their the ways France comes second actions that at least naval competi- with 203,691 tona building or ap tion should not be the cause for propriated for. Britain has 183,895 international friction and war.

tons of now ships in sight; Ger- For 10 yours after that irenty many, 123,000; Japan, 117,707, and ABOVE: naval competition was allayed. A Italy, 110,234. Meantime the new status had been established which naval budgets are in preparation H. M. S. Hood

BELOW: The U. S. was not seriously questioned except and all give promise of touching by the always dissatisfied nd new high levels for peacetime.

So ominous is the situation and Atlantic fleet at miralties and the jingo press. The three great naval powers-Britain, so irreconcilable are the rival am- the United States and Japan-let bitions of the naval powers, that their actual naval strength fall far hopes for the naval conference are measured not in terms of a new }-behind-their-treaty-limits,

Then national pride and national treaty and rigid limitations, but ambition began to assert them rather in such aimple terms as the selves. Japan grew restive, smash possiblity of obtaining limits on ed, the tranquillity of the Pacific the size of ships in the various with naval runs at Chapel and classes. The ratio system seems determined to denounce & naval doomed.

The causes of this situation are Rettlement which denied to her supremacy In the Far East, to be found primarily in the rivalry German cuplacoring skill produced in the Far East between Japancae a new type of ship which overnight and Anglo-American Interests, and converted French naval apathy in-. in Europe in the sudden renaissance to frenzied building. Italy follow. of German sea power. The first ed suit. Beginning slowly and is a chronic problem, the second à almost imperceptibly, the move. new one which has just begun to ment gathered momentum until to be appreciated in its full import, day the naval powers undertake one. Because the second has done mest more effort at naval limitation in to upset the status quo and is lenst an atmosphere already charged generally appreciated it deserves

first consideration.. with, fierce competition.

In

West na well-marked the recent NOTES OF THE DAY

TROUBLE AT HOME"

1

*

agreement is to be. reached one must

away.

give

But who-

While the delegates argue

During the early postwar years London, the shipyards of the world the continental powers of Europe are filled with the promise of future neglected their navies Germany destruction. The United States becauan she was bound by the which Ingged farthest behind Versailles Treaty, France and Italy... during the peaceful, years has because land armaments were their first concern.. Britain, the United States and Japan were left to carry on their somewhat academic rival- ries without much concern to the Continent. For more than 10 conference of the International

years after the war no capital ship Labour Office in Geneva. The

was laid down on the Continent:. delegates were divided on the

The French and Italians built desirability of placing on the We learn that Italy is having certain number of small craft. agenda for the 1936 conference trouble at home with troops drafted primarily of the coast defence the application of the 40-Hour from the Alpine regiments for types, but on the whole their navies

urge for a place in the sun, began which threatened Britain's lines of Week Draft Convention to the service in Ethiopin. It is said were in poor condition.

construction of two 36,000-ton communication through the Med!- Into this almost tranquil picture, battleships, the Vittorio Veneto and terranean. British experts began industry, Chief objection to they refused to iirch to entrain this procedure came from the and that their officers were forced Germany launched her famous the Littoria, in March of 1934. In to fear Malta obsolete as a naval pocket battleship, the Deutschland, addition, Itallan engineers had de base Italy at astride her route British Government delegate, to shoot a number of them before in 1931. It was only 10,000 tons: vined a new type of light cruiser of empire to the East and British who contended that the textile they would obey communds. This in displacement and hence of treaty the Barginao cinss-which-attained ship lines began to estimate the industry is so large and Import- might be significant if it were not cruiser size. But the allied powers hitherto unbelievable speeds of extra cost of the Cape of Good ant that it ought to be dealt with for the fact that numbers of these bad limited only the size of ships over 40 knots and immediately took Hope route. by itself along lines which take

for Germany, whereas they had precedence over every other light What England did in the face of account not only of the reduction men in the Alpine regiments can restricted their own 10,000 cruisers cruiser and destroyer aflont. The this rising threat has laid her open. of hours, but conditions in gen- scarcely be called Italians at all to eight-inch guna. It apparently French promptly countered with an to recrimination and the charge oral. Despite the opposition, Many come from the cantons never occurred to the naval experts announcement of plans for two from France that she had taken the however, the conference decided which before the World War were at Washington that Germany either 35,000-ton battleships, one to be longest step yet toward breaking put begun as soon as the Dunquerque down the Versailles Treaty. But, by a substantial majority that beyond the Italian frontier and could, or would, attempt to the subject be dealt with at this which have only come under Rome's 10,000-ton ship. German engineer- the moment the Washington, treaty tinental naval revival and the fact larger than eight-inch kupa on a was launched, the second to be laid considering the extent of the con- year's gathering.. The British control since 1918. They are an ing skill took advantage of the expired. Meanwhile Germany went that she was forbidden by the naval Government viewpoint is based independent and courageous crowd, oversight, mounted six 11-inch guns ahead with plans for two mere treaties to build any new capital on the consideration that this is these Alpine folk, amongst the on the Deutschland, gave her pocket battleships.

ships before 1987, what sho did complex international ques-finest fighters in that part of heavier armour than any treaty

is perfectly understandable. Sho tion, calling for the attention not Europe and they are highly Intelli- classed every French, Italian, and THUS within the short space of Germany, and on May 21, 1935, an- cruiser, a speed of 26 knots, out-

opened naval negotiations with only, of the ILO. but of Gove gent and independent. Like all British ship of comparable size, and four years the entire naval nounced ernments and employers' and mountain people, their love of smashed the naval equilibrium of situation in Europe was overturned, German navy

agreement whereby the was permanently workers organisations, Act-

freedom is fanatical. They rebel the Continent..

Until 1931 England was the only pegged at 36 percent. of the ually, there is a national, aj

against the first attempt at sub- France, determined to maintain real naval power. By 1934 her British. Western, an Oriental and a

a naval power at least double the capital shiya, her light cruisers and Thin at least put a top limit on world problem involved, and the fugation. It is not so much that German, Inid down the 26,500-ton her destroyers were out-classed in German building, but in doing so British spokesman at the con- they are afraid to fight as they do Donquerque in 1932, and a sister quality. If not in number. Added gave Germany a total of 420,595 ference contended that, therd not like to be forced into the army ship, the Strasburg, in 1934, Italy, to this revival of centinental naval tons, as compared to a navy of should be a conference of Gov-and to obey the commands of by that time beginning to feel the power, was an Italian air force 169,190 tons which Germany bad ernments, workers' and 'employ-men not of their own proud' race: ers on the whole question. This The fact that hundreds, of them suggestion, however, is not sup-fled the country in order to evade ported by the British trade the call to the coloura shows the unionists. It is interesting to temper of these people. They will for Italy, though note that at the conference de not win wara bate, the Japanese Government they may be made to fight them. delegate agreed with the British Government contentions, but the French and American delegates took the opposite view. One of

Japan has sent another protest the suggestions put forward was to China, this time through__the| that the industry, in view of its Consul-General at Tientsin, follow- complexity, should be divided in- ing the shooting affair at the Enst to three groups-wool and cot- Gate, Pelping. On the face of ton, natural and artificial silk, things, it did appear that Japan and linen, hemp and jute-but had a good cause for complaint. the conference decided to take Chinese guards were alleged to up the issue as a whole, and by Now.comes Chinese version of the have fired pn Japanese soldiers. a narrow majority: the Govern-affair. The Japanese had no gate ing Body of the I.L.O. agreed to passes; they were delayed outside draw up a report so that the con- the wall while a corporal of the ference can, if it so wishes, deal guard telephoned for instructions: with the question in a single dis-and when they were admitted they cussion, instead of the procedure set upon the Chinese soldiers and of two discussions with a year red shots at the corporal, who away. The Chinese on the. between oach, which is still ran usual in matters of this kind. wall, who did not know what was going on opened fire with rifles Accordingly, in order to prepare and the Japanese retreated. In- the ground and co-ordinate the quiries were speeded. And the requirements of the different protest is one of the results. If branches of the Industry, a con- all depends upon the facts, of sultation of experts is to be held course, but from the Chinese re next month. These experts will port of events, we are now inclined be chosen by the LL.O. itself and to think that the Japanese soldiers. will probably include independ acted with inexcusable aggressive ent members as well as repro-nees. But of course we can't be sentatives of the national em-evidence and that, we fancy, will | positive || without corroborative ployers' and workers' organisa-be hard to find. tions. The matter is one of marked concern to the textile

JAPAN'S PROTEST

Industry as a whole, with par special importance and its de ticulat.reference to the question liberations will be awaited with of working hours in Far Eastern the utmost Interest by all who mills. This year's conference are in any way concerned with 18, therefore, charged with the industi

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

at the end of 1934, and also'n flent of capital ships equal to those France and Italy might bulld under the treaties. Under this agreement Gerniany immediately embarked upon a building programme for the current year of 170,000 toris, as compared to the 60,100 tons of modern, postwar ships she now has.

**

WHATEVER the merits of this

action from the British-point- of view, it immediately established" a vicious and apparently endless circle which may end only with the financial limitations of one of the Bowers.concerned. For France has declared that she must have a navy" equal to the German plus the Italian, while Italy has made a claim to equality with France; I the Germans bulld, to 35 per cont. of the British, the French would almost certainly alm ́at dopblo that' strength, or 70 per cent. of the British, If the Italians attempt to keep oven with France, the French will have, the option of ac- cepting Italian parity or moving on? up higher toward British strength. Even if Franco renouncos her polley of German-plus-Italian. strength there is the prospect of -two-continental navies each equal to 70 per cent of the British. But England has always insisted on a navy equal to that of the two largest continental powers com bined, England, in the face of a › combined. French-Italian strength-1 of 140 per cent, of her own, would presumably build moro. And any British increase clears the way for additional German tonnage.

THE Pacific presents à lede com- MyBiplex and startline: but a morb. Sdifficult problem for, naval limitava tion. There, more directly than in. Europe the naval aattiamantiiwan.