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fire burning wants two shillings a day more pay. On an average a British miner makes £2 5s. a week, and to-day will decide whether his demands for au increase will be met. In the writer following article
a
Hongkong Telegraph. explains the difficulties that
THURSDAY, JAN. 9, 1936.
NAVAL ACCORD PROSPECTS
are experienced in Britain's Coal-mining industry.
THE Coal Trade for a century and more
and the employed.
men.
**
*
*
Typical study of a British miner and one of his
children
these minimum,
if it is not bought), or. If the prices at which it is sold are unremunerative, wages cannot, he increased above their presont level, without bankruptcy result- ing.
THE public understand that the money for wages in- creases is not available in the Industry at the present time, but there are many who believe that there are concealed profits, or who think that money must be available because n few colllery undertakings have been able to declare dividends.
Now to take the second point first. It is not, porhaps, gen- erally understood that wages are not settled pit by pit, or colliery by colliery, but district by district; and the miners maintain that even these areas. are too small and that wages should be settled nationally. So the fact that a particular colliery undertaking is working at a profit and paying dividends.does not mean that all the collieries In that district can afford to pay increased wages. In fact, where no profit is made by a district as a whole, any prost by an individual colliery must he balanced by a loss at another.
The allegation in relation to "hidden profits" appears to be two-fold. It is suggested:
First, that colliery owners own by-product plants to which they sell coal at less than the market price, or even at a loss, thereby reduc- ing the pit-head proceeds. upon which the miners' wages Care calculated, and recoup themselves out of the profita they make on these by-product plants.
Secondly, that collieries dispose of coal to "selling agencies" (in which they are shareholders) at unremunera- tive prices, and that the pro- fits which these selling agencles make out of the colliery ownera but not to that of the miners.
*
IN regard to by-product plants, the answer is simple. The coal transferred to them must be transferred at fair market prices; it is the duty of the ac- countants appointed by the miners to see that this is actual ly done; and they have access to the colliery books for that. purpose,
has occupied a prominent place in the With wide divergence of view. points clearly revealed by the minds of the people of this country. Yet, London Naval Conference dis strangely enough, very few outside the cussions, the task of reaching an Coal Trade have anything but the most agreement satisfactory to all superficial knowledge of the numerous parties would appear at the modifficulties which confront the employers ment to be somewhat remote.
It is therefore of the utmost Indeed, Japanese sources, are
importance that the general already predicting the failure of public should be able to have the negotiations. Agreement on the fullest information concern- a quantitative basis is now con-ing the Coal Trade, because the ceded to be practically impossi-industry is in itself so vital to ble, and the Conference is at the the welfare of the country, and moment engaged on the task of gives employment to so many assimilating the proposals 'put
The best way of approach is
One may reasonably ask what forward by Britain, France and to set out the difficulties which
better safeguard could be pro- vided. Italy, or choosing one of them confront the owners and the
According to some, it. might be imagined that these as the framework in which to men.
service of
and trude busy by-product plants were verita- seek qualitative limitation. The question is whether accord can
mines. The main interest of
week. They would like to see colliery possessed them. Actual- be secured in regard to qualita-
the owner is to reduce his enough to require a full working ble gold mines, and that every tive limits on maximum tonnage
working costs to a minimum, not this, not only for the sake of the ly they consist in the main of only to enable him to obtain a men but for the sake of their coke oven plants; the coal con- and gunnage. Such an agree-
reasonable rate of interest on own shareholders and them- sumed at them is a very small ment would reduce the cost of
the capital expended, but at the selves, for it seems to be com- proportion of the total output same time to put him in a posi- pictely overlooked
that the of the-country. competition and prevent naval
tion to pay the highest wages owners have any duty to anyone In point of fact in many dis- nations having continuously to
other than the miners in their tricts there are few or none of renew their navies owing to new
To lay a pit idle because trade employ.
these plants; and certainly by. types and inventions being
In his first speech as Chancellor may be slack is a most expensive Those who with their savings product plants have been and adopted elsewhere which would of the University of Hongkong, His proceeding, so the owner con- have planned, bored, sunk shafts are making losses, make existing vessels useless. Excellency Sir Andrew Caldecott tinues working
paying and in this way have spent The other allegation is equally Japan places much importance made apt and effective use of wages to the miners even though hundreds of thousands of pounds without foundation.
He before the miner' has even set The prices at which coal is sold on "equality of security," but paraphrased version of the "Tre- he may be losing money.
Inway" refrain, so familiar to Cornishmen, from Hawker's "Song hopes that when trade improves foot in the pit; who advance to subsidiary selling agencies of the Western Men." Sir Jona- he will be in a position to re- money to pay wages to miners are closely scrutinised by the than Trelawny, the noted prelate, coup himself for the losses which for years before there is a pros- auditors appointed by the work- is the hero of that refrain, which he has sustained.
pect of profit-these, too, surely men for the purpose of the runs:
The last five years tell a sad deserve equal consideration. wages ascertainments, and this. story. The majority of districts But it is not, in the long run, provides an effective guarantee
selling have been working at a loss, the colliery owners who pay the against the
than legitimate which means that the consumer wages; it is the coal. If the making more has been receiving coal at a coal is not sold (which means, profits. price both to owner and "miner.
to
THE owning side of the indus- for the
try has sperit enormous sums of money in sinking coal mines and in providing equipment
NOTES OF THE DAY
AN APT REFERENCE
And shall Trelawny dlet
Here's twenty thousand Cornishmen will know the reason why.
03
possible.
and
*
*.. * CHORT-TIME working where wages are on the minimum hard times for
An SOS at Sea
agency
having had Hitle or nothing to do for
both Britain and the United States appear disinclined yield on this point. As Lord Lothian has pointed out, they say that the history of the past five years proves that Japan al-
Sir Jonathan was loyal to King ready has security, because her
not felt James until the first declaration of co-signatories have strong enough to interfere with indulgence. In 1887, when,
Bishop, he used his influence with her violations of the Nine his clergy against the King, and Power Treaty; that the United as a Cornish land-owner, resisted States has two oceanic fronts to the attempt to assemble a packed
Parliament. In the following year, must spell protect, one in the Atlantic and he signed a petition against the many. But pay-tickets selected To the wireless operator at sea centration. Letter by letter the de the reception of a distress liberato words are written down and the other in the Pacific; while second declaration of indulgence, for publication because they
not call is a moment of intense not to the captain. What fellows
is his responsibility. Britain has the immense line of and was in consequence imprisoned are exceptionally low do
in the Tower of London with tell the whole story. There drama. The SOS may come to It may happen that an operator, her Empire cominunication run- Archbishop Sancroft and five other is almost invariably some him suddenly from the silence of ning from the North Sea to New Bishops, eventually sharing their valid reason for them. and, ja great ocean. It may come as hours in open waters, is electrified Zealand, through the Mediter triumphant acquittal. The refrain, when circumstances warrant, a despairing whisper amid the by a sudden 5 0 S...
"And shall Trelawny die?" were
clamour of crowded Seldom, as has apparently happen- ranean or the Cape of Good
sung by the men of Cornwall, who fair adjustment; and they radio
can always be more than watera. In either case it is an ed with the Paringa, is where in- Hope; while Japan has only the seem to have assembled during the
*** sufficient time for the wireless opera-" single front facing the Pacific. Bishop's short imprisonment. It balanced by other pay-tickets unforgettable experience.
His ship is nearing port, per- tor to send out his message. haps. Scores of ships are work- It is considered, therefore, that has, however, been suggested that which show exceptionally high Japan's demand for naval parity was heard sixty years previously,
it is probable that a similar threat pay,
The men naturally look for a ing messages to and from shore. E night in January 1020, steam- is, in fact, a demand not for when John Trelawny, grandfather reasonably high rate of re- The intermingling notes from a multi- the coast of Rio de Oro, N.W: Africa, tude of varlom transmitters, growl- there came to me an unexpected. "equality of security," but for of the Bishop, was imprisoned by muneration, and this naturally ing, singing, stuttering, whistling, SO S. It was from the French the House of Commons for oppos evokes from the community a become confused in a hideous caco finer l'Afrique, which had struck B decisive supreniacy in the Pacing the election of Sir John Eliot full measure of sympathy.
phony.
lightshin near La Rochelle, in the Bay ficJapan, on the other hand, to Parliament.
At the present time the British. It is as if the other had gone.
gone mad. of is afraid that an Anglo-Ameri= =====
owners are criticised
on four thin call for aid from a ship in des- about 1,200 miles away, dead reckon- can combination, especially H. to three. As against this, how-principal grounds: It is alleged perato need-505, 50 3,30 3. ing. It would have taken the ship supported by Russia, might ever, it is pointed out that in that:
For a short time it may appear to in which I served small Portugu force her to abandon or limit this era of power politics, finan-
The wayos they pay are too bo unheard and unheeded as it strives cao tramp about five days to get low;
for attention through the hopeless
there.
Obviously we
could do her expansion, on the mainland clal resolution is as important]
din.
nothing. They are in some way de- and her desire to expel non- as naval morale, and Japan may
frauding the miners by making But someone hears it. Imperativo. But, listening to the messages, one. ly this operator calls to all ships in was kept in touch with the grim Aslatle Powers from influence decide to put the issue to the
hidden profits;
bis vicinity to cease traffic, no matter drama that was being onacted so far Blow They have been
9 how urgent, how important.
away. Finally there camo a mesingo in the Far East. The sugges-test of practice before abandon- obstructive in "reorganising": These others pass the command to which rend: "There is no panto. All tion has been put forward that ing her attempt at parity. The the industry; HE
yet others, and so the news is flashed to calm. eventually the governing factor next few days of the London They persist in their refusal over a wide area, And then to After that there was silence..
to meet the miners for national wireless notes begin to die. Wave They were the last words sont out may be the purse; that it may But the portents at the moment wagca negotiations.
Conference may be decisive.
after wave of sound subsides, by the gallant operator of l'Afrique be easier for Japan to acquiesce are not such as to encourage the
In the stillness, the distressed before she sank. - Two days later tho message without interference the re- stated that there had been a loss of in a ratio lower than parity if hope that anything like a satis
Vessel is able to tap out Ita momentous Curtain descended on a grim drama. The wireless news sarvica, to ships Britain and the United States in factory adjustment of the issues
The wiroloss operatora In practice each lay dowit five keels Involved will be achieved.
calving ships are studion of grim con- 550 lives,
.
THINK it must be clear to all that owners would like to see wage rates raised well above the
So
:
Ing at a sluggish eight knote off
GM. M
:
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