1936-01-04 — Page 2

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HONG KONG SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN

The Society asks for $25,000

in 1936 to continue its work for

sick and destitute children.

Hon. Treasurers:

Mr. A. McKELLAR, C.A.,

c/o Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co.,

P. G O. Building.

Mr. KWOK CHAN,

c/o Banque de L'Indo Chine,

Hongkong.

LONDON.

Tel. 33067.

THE HONGKONG

TELEGRAPH. SATURDAY, JANUARY

1936.

EXAMINATIONS A LOTTERY

STARTLING RESULTS OF EXPERTS' INQUIRY

CAREERS MENACED

BY CHANCE

A severe shock to faith in the examination system is bound to result from a remarkable and disquieting report issued in London.

It proves conclusively "that the part played by chance in the verdicts given at different examinations on which careers depend is often a great one.”

Many surprising results were revealed by tests, and the question is asked: "Should examinations be abolish- ed?"

over

The report in the result of antho Durham University Examina- Investigation which has been made tions Board on School Certificato a period of years by an English. Here are some of the nuthoritative committee of which divergencies they found in Paper L. Sir Philip Hartog was the Director. (Esany and Precia):

Candidate X was awarded 28, 82, MEMBERS OF COMMITTEE An International Conference on 140, 56, 56, 58. 80 out of 100 by Examinailons was held in 1931, and seven different examiners of the Committees of Investigation were same paper.

Candidate Y was aimilarly Bet up in all European countries

the awarded 24, 42, 48, 60, 60, 64, 70 represented. The report of English Committee, published to-out of 100 by the seven examiners, Candidate Z was awarded 16, 30, day under the title "An Examina-

J

Elliot Roosevelt, For of President Roosevelt, intends to devote himself to Radio. Ho has joined the Southern Broadcasting Company.

Surgeons Of Prehistory Ages

tion of Examinations" (Macmillan, 38, 44, 44, 40, 60 out of 100 by the 1a.), was compiled by Sir Philip seven examiners. Hartog and Dr. E. .C. Rhodes, of In Paper II. (Literature) the

Washington, Dec. 25. variations were also great, though Indians who lived on lonely Kodiak London University.

rather less than in Paper I. The Island off the Alaskan const when marks of the candidates in regard Julius Caesar and Cleopatra sailed the to whom the divergencles were Nile were experts is the delicate art of brain surgery, Dr. Ales Hiroseka. greatest were:

'work! famous anthropologist, har just

announced:

The other members of the English Committee were:

Sir Michael Sadler, Sir Percy Nunn, Dr. P. B. Ballard, Dr. C. Delisle Burns, Dr. Cyril Burt, Dr. H. R. Hamley, Dr. C. Spearman, Dr. Godfrey H. Thomson, and Dr. C. W. Valentine. These command universal respect on educational affairs.

потев

P: 19, 41, 45, 46, 46, 49, 58. Q: 37, 50, 52, 52, 54, 63, 71, R: 38, 39, 45, 47, 53, 56, 70, Thus can seven examiners differ over the same paper.

ARITHMETIC, ENGLISH

Ho announced that he had found a skull at least 2,000 years old which showed signs of a successful trophin- ing, an operation of boring Into the skull which only skilled surgeons All the scripts which they have

The most complex of all the in- would attempt to-day. Dr. Hrdlickn Investigated were actual papers vestigations dealt with two sub-found the skull while excavating the lower levels of an ancient island that had been written by candidates jects, Arithmetic and English, in settlement last summer. in the course of an ordinary what la- known as the Special Place examination, and they covered Examination. The scripts of 150 many different kinds of tests. candidates in these two subjects What the investigators. diil was were marked by 10 examiners in to send these scripts to different each subject. examiners, and then, after interval, again to the same examin-

сто.

an

At the original examination the fate of a candidate would primarily İdepend on two examiners, one for The results are most extra- English and one for Arithmetic ordinary, the

variations in Of the examiners actually employed were marking being almost

investigation, two un. in the

chosen at random and designated believable.

|A. B. C. D. loc.

10

4

As an example of the differ.

When the crude stone knives, drills and scrapers used by the primitive Indiana of that time are contrasted to the Instruments of surgeons now, it is little short of a miracle that any patients could live through the boring into their skulls, Such operations were made to relieve pressure against the brain from a fractured skull er to remove bone splinters.

HSTORY TEST The "School Certificate" is examination taken by nearly all secondary school leavers. In the subject of history the investigators selected Afteen scripts which had been awarded exactly the same "middling" mark by certain 105, 107, 109, 110, 119, 124, 124,, also in an oki mound the Frazer examining authority. These were 130, 136, and 139.

ences of marks of these anthrolicka, curator of physical

"couples", Candidate No. 1 re- ceived from the ten couples of examiners the following marks. out of a maximum of 200;

average

These Indian surgeons bored holes directly above the brain sinuses where slight slip of the crude operating tools meant death to the patient.

Dr.

at the Smithsonian In- stitution, said the skull found Inst sunmer was the first discovered in Alaska. Previous skulls which show ed signs of trophining were unearthed among the ruins of the relatively high civilizations of Peru Bollvis and

and along River in British Columbia. sent to fifteen other examiners, who the range of variation being 34¦ Examples of this operation having range of been performed thousands of years were asked to assign to them both marks. The marks and awards of Failure. Pass, variation was 33 marks, the small- ago in Europe and Egypt have been known. Some of the mummies found and Credit

jent rango 12, and the highest 62. in Egypt indicated that these peoples

Viva-voce examinations also knew how to make such an operation.. After an interval which_varied. with the different examiners, but came under investigation. Two Dr. Hrdlicka's find shows that their

who contemporaries was never less than 12 months, or Boards of experienced examiners Indian

than 19 months, the same were formed from a panel, includ- migrated to the new world from Asia scripts, after being renumbered, Ing such experts as Professor also knew how to relieve crushed were marked again by 14 out of Ernest Barker, Dr. W. W. Vaughan, brain, much along the line of modern skulls and other disorders of the the 15 original examiners (one and Sir Henry Richards. Each medicine. This might indicate a com- being unable to serve again).. Board Interviewed the same candi.

Whereas the scripts had all been dates, and assessed them. The mon cultural centro for both groups.

Dr. Hrdlicka, who also has studied allotted the same moderate mark jorders of merit of the two Boards South American akulls, said that some by the original examining body, jaro very different.

of the half dozen skulls which showed they were allotted by the 15 cx- aminers on the first occasion 43 different marks out of a maximum of 96, varying from 21 to 70.

more

RESULTS ABROAD.

W

had

The candidate, out of the 16. signs of trephining had as many as who was placed first by Board five distinct operations at intervals 1. was placed thirteenth by years apart-United Press. Board II., and the candidate On the Recond occasion the total.

placed first by: Board II. was think the traditional "essay" ex-. number of the different marks was

placed eleventh by Board I.. amination should be preserved. 44, and the marks varied from 16

But they hold that it is as im- to 71. On each occasion the 14

Sufficient has been said to in practicablo to recommend An examiners awarded a total of 210 verdicts (Failure, Pass, or Credit)dicate the remarkable results of a priori cure for the defects of the tho inquiry. Similar inquiries present examination system as it to the 16 candidates.

have been going on in France. would be to recommend an a priori It was found that in 92 cases Germany and Switzerland, as well cure for a disease. out of the 210, the individual as in the United States, and it is "It is only by careful and eyateni- examiners gave a different understood that they have produced atfe experiment," they state, "that verdict on the second occasion somewhat similar results. ·

methods of examination can be from the verdict awarded on The inquiries have been made devised not liable to the distress- the first.

possible by n` grant from the ing uncertainties of the present One examiner changed his ver- Carnagle Corporation for three system."

"No doubt," the report adda, dict in regard to 8 candidates out years to each of the above coun of the 15!

tries.

"Investigations like those recorded UNIVERSITY DIVERGENCIES This Committee, having shatter by our Committee, and administra

experiments

allowing Other subjects in this School fed even their own faith In examina- tive

in conjunction Certificate examination were in- tions, ask "Should examinations be teachers, vestigated in the same way, as abolished?" and if not "What Government or University inspec- tore, to 'brand their own herrings," were also some University examina- remedies can be suggested?” tions, and revealed much the same They are opposed to the root and would involve expenditure,, but variations in marking.".

branch policy, and agree that such expenditure and experiments Included: In the report is the examinations as a test of efficiency would be justified in the public result of a similar investigation by are necessary. In particular, they interest.”

SALESMAN SAM

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OUR BRITISH CROSSWORDS

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4 In this game you may take a

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8 Only to be expected.

9 "The Battle of the Nations."

10 Use a hatchet? It must indeed

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1 This girl's head is prophetic. 16 Idly finished but clearly con-

pleted.

18 Spread around, but that is

scarcely to the point.

21 is love was like a red, red rose. 23 Spell this: it is a trial of

strength.

24 Italian town.

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DOWN

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