1935-12-23 — Page 24

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MONDAY, DEC. 23, 1935,

SEVERER SANCTIONS? It has vicived the threat by

The seriousness with which

sure

are

ture, a circumstance which is

conceded by the fact that Italy

the fall of the franc from its present gold standard, State bankruptcy, and even a civil war between "Reds" and the "Patriotic Leagues"?

DECEMBER

1935.

FRANCE

Pull THROUGH?

lar Front," but it is really a Communist Bloc.

The growth of the Communist Bloc, and its impudent denial to its opponents of the rights of free speech and free political meetings, have brought about a violent reaction

Parallel with the increased ac- 1 tivity of the Communist Bloc has come a revival of nationalism as various exemplified by the Patriotic Leagues. *

Were the present Laval Gov- ernment to disappear nobody knows what would happen next. Indeed, it is just that fear of social disruption and financial disaster' which for the time being is holding back the final onslaught on M. Pierre Laval. But his fall, it is general- ly assumed, 'cannot be long de- Inyed.

What will happen then?

Is the Communist Bloc capable of taking office and of holding it?

*

Those are the questions that impartial foreign observers here are asking. Those are the sub- jects of confidential reports Bent from the foreign chancelleries here to outside -Governments; those are the questions that millions of Frenchmen are ask- ing themselves to-day. THERE is no doubt that France is rapidly approaching the moment when the whole nation will have to take the gravest de- cisions in domestic and foreign self with the League of Nations; The adverse trade balance for allow a fresh national Govern-

her.

polley that have ever confronted She will have to decide how far she can continue to link her- NOTES OF THE DAY

morass

THERE are French politicians who, feeling that the fall of the franc from gold is inevitable, would welcome a Communist ex- periment: They declare it would be short-lived, would depreciate the franc, and then be swept aside by national resentment to

which has led her into the the first ten months of 1935 ment to build up prosperity.

of Sanctions against stands at no less than £60,750,- anew on the clean ground, Italy and deprived her of the 000. This figure takes its true It seems to the impartial ob- support she might have counted proportion when it is considered server a dangerous game, for it upon the and in that forms roughly must not be forgotten that the Mediterranean without giving of the value of France's total ex- patriotic ex-Service men of the

her one iota more security on her part trade.

torship.

...

•

the next few

one way or the other.

have so long feared." This journal

The left wing of the Radical- The gravest danger would be reports the press of Japan as full

Socialist Party, smarting under a policy of "laissez-faire." A of sympathetic references to the

the attacks--many of them justi- succession of weak and flabby fied-mude against it and its Governments might mismanage plight of coloured people under IT is a striking fact that at a white domination. A sharpening moment when Great Britain leaders, threw caution to the the affairs of the country in the of the inter-racial crisis as a result sees the dawn of renewed pros- winds, abandoned the prudent hope of something favourable of the conflict was forecast by perity, France should be still in policy of nearly half a century, turning up. Meanwhile there

world that the attack of Italy upon the situation both as regards the ists and the Communists. The tremists, with its inseparable Figures show how critical is and openly linked its fate with would be a continued drift to- the extremist parties, the Social- wards the policy of the Red ex- Ethiopia would mean the undoing Treasury and national pros- union was first called the "Com- commercial muddle and financial of years of effort for inter-racial

perity. understanding and action between whites and blacks

General Smuts, of South Africa, so precarious a situation. some time ago. He warned the

Lengue members to apply an oil, embargo against her is

National Union of Combatants, really vital Rhine frontier.

the Patriotic Leagues, made up sufficient answer to those who

At home France will face THE question can be asked:

partly of sturdy men who have sanctions argue that

DAYS OF DANGER

equally grave alternatives. She What has happened to seen the war and of the virile doomed to failure. The Italians

An added factor in the complex must decide whether, with bitter France's boasted power of re- youth of the nation, may not ac certainly do not regard this

situation arising out of Italy's antagonism dividing her politi- cuperation?

cept the "ukases" of a Commun- method of economic

pres attack upon the integrity of Ethio- cal parties, she can maintain the The answer is simple: There ist Bloc Government dictated as negligible and they pin lles in the hostile reaction system of government of the can be no recovery of trade or from Moscow, and may, in the have good reason for taking a among the coloured peoples of the Third Republic, with its short- industry or of the financial mar- French phrase, "go down into world. Thoughtful men of African lived Ministries and its perket while there is political un- the streets." That would mean serious view of the matter. If descent have looked upon Ethiopia petually changing policies. Can certainty.

civil war, with all its possibilities the embargo is applied, a vital as a symbol of the aspirations of

In the olden days France had and all its consequences. link in Italy's supply system will black people for Independence, for such Governments restore safety self-determination and the assimila- for her frontiers and safety in

a powerful centrai party-equi- In both cases the franc would be menaced. Oil is the lifeblood tion of all that is best in modern the air, and bring back internal valent in a way to the old Liberal be bound to fall, but there is no- daring of Mussolini's African adven-civilization. Dr. George E. Hay- prosperity?

One alternative is that she will Party in England-the Radical- body who would be nes, a well-balanced Negro publicist, writing in The Christian Century, allow the extremists, now united Socialists. They held the main enough to prophesy at the pre- of Chicago, states that "American in the Communist Bloc, to take positions, "the control levers" as sent moment what the next few has, ever since sanctions were Negroes and in the Italian advance over the Government and bring they themselves called them, in months, or even first imposed, taken most drastic another instance of exploitation in their train the financial and practically every Government weeks, will bring forth.

for many years. They were a measures to conserve supplies, and domination by the white economic ruin and the domestic eft party, but they were, above 7IME is pressing, for every

world." The Crisis magazine, slavery of which Moscow affords all, a Government party.

Frenchman realises that in Apart from other factors, it edited by Dr. Dubois, says that the such an illuminating example. sems clear that if the Italians war "represents the sad spectacle The other is that at the last mo- intrigues and by indifferent must make to meet foreign Now this party, worn out by view of the gigantic, effort he man shouting of destiny and duty, ment the forces of the Patriotic leadership, has virtually ceased dangers within the near future, are prevented from obtaining of white civilization. One mnd- the

vast quantities of oil may be the bomb blowing it to Leagues-and-especially-of to exist as a Government party dangers infinitely complicated by which the Ethiopian campaign hell. Another leading journal. Colonel de la Rocque's organisa- since the Stavisicy, revelations of the Sanctions on Italy, it is emands, the failure of their Opportunity, states that it is not tion the Fiery Cross (fast ap last year and since the fatal urgent that he should set his

beyond the realm of possibility that proaching its million member- mistaken enterprise becomes vir- the invasion of Ethiopia may be ship), will be strong enough to street fighting in the Place de la the briefest space of time and sixth of February when the domestic affairs in order within tually assured. Whether Italy come the force that will create exert their authority and restore Concorde cost the lives of twenty make his decision for good or ill, regards an oil embargo as an act that unity of coloured races which public order through some form French citizens, of hostility or not is really im- the prophets of Nordic supremacy of more or less disguised dicta material. Admittedly, the en- forcement of the embargo might lend to more war, but the point must not be lost sight of that nations aligning themselves in support of the League system must automatically accept the consequences of such acts as are necessary to achieve the end in view. That end is the exertion

co-operative Despite the most stringent mon Front" and then the "Popu- catastrophe. of such pressure as will cause of the African continent. "The cuts in expenditure, economies Italy, the named aggressor, to African world has been stirred and that have caused vivid resent- which she is its sympathies are with Abyssinia," ment throughout the country, stop the

according to The Bantu World, aand especially among the State waging on the Ethiopians in de-leading native weekly, published in employees, the first ten months fiance of her obligations under Johannesburg in five native langu- of 1935 show a deficit on revenue

Negro church people in the estimates of over £52,000,000. the Covenant. Sanctions in ages.

United States call attention to the mild form cannot conduce to a rising tides of hostility among stated, is a balanced Budget, and The Budget for 1936, it is rapid attainment of this objec-coloured people. The administra- it is said that revenue estimates tive; only severe pressure, of a live body of three million Negro have been put this time on a Baptists holds that "Italy has no character likely to place ob right to subjugate a weaker nation solid basis. Yet it is already stacles in the way of the prosecu- and seize its possessions by cruel possible to discern from the In- tion of the campaign, can be of war." A bishop of the Coloured bours of the Chamber Finance

Methodist Church real value. It is a realisation of Mussolini beware of "prodding the Budget deficit of at least the bids Signor Commission that 1936 will see a this fact which is producing a sleeping lion of potential unified same magnitude, strengthening of feeling against consciousness of related groups, It is alrendy known that the the authors of this war of ag-dred million coloured people, as amounting to at least £100,000,- representing more than five hun-Treasury will have to float loans gression and which is causing a against five hundred millions of 000 next year to secure funds for marked disinclination on the Nordic and Aryan stock." Sum- the vitally necessary rearma- part of the members of the mici pects of the war, Dr. Hay-ment on land, sea, and in the air

racial aspects of the war, Dr. League to consent to any con- nen la of the opinion that the at- and to keep the railways run- cessions to Italy which will dis- titudo of the League of Nations ning. regard the rights of Ethiopia.may tip the scales toward co operation or conflict in future rela- Of the nations which are not tions between the white and darker members of the League, the nations in America, Africa and United States has shown a de- Asia." cided desire, whilst observing neutrality, to abstain from any action-which-would-prolong hos tilities and help Italy to attain her objective. President Roo- sevelt's pointed request to oil companies not to export supplies to the belligerents is an illustra- tion of this fact. The time has

war

Prospects of debt consolidu. tion have disappeared, and the financial problem arises every month, even with the Increased bank discount facilities given by Order-in-Council, of enabling clearly come when further pres- by short-term bills for the most the Treasury to get the money sure must be brought to bear by urgent requirements. the nations which have endorsed Latest official trade returns, the policy of sanctions, and it is for the first ten months of 1995, reassuring to feel that the mea-show that exports fell during essential are not likely to be already depressed figures for the sures which they may deem that period 18 per cent, on the obstructed by non-members of corresponding period of 1934. the League.

Imports were 11 per cent, down,

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