1935-12-19 — Page 6

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19,

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duc

19th. 'December

1936

1935.

The History

FROM 1925 to 1935 is an

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1935, to Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Bottomley, a son.

The

may be richer in history. than any century in the story of the oldest civilisa- tion known.

The period in question will, when recorded, be- so much the come not history. of China, but the its Dictator, history of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. "Dictator" is a word he detests, but it is no less applicable to the young ruler of the destinies of 400,000,000 people than it is to the Hitlers, the Stalins and the Mussolinis of the Western work,

Chiang Kai-shek is 18 years old, and a native of Cheklang province. He is-and few Euro- pean people seem aware of this fact-a. Christian. His wife- a woman revered by all with whom she has come in contact-- is a sister-in-law of Sun Yat-sen,

in

his

of China is

Hands

CHIANG KAI-SHEK and MADAME Foreigners are no longer regarded un "foreign devila".

people who comprise the popula tlon of the world's oldest civilisu- tion and its most backward hition. Laws that were passed in the olden days and which were designed primarily to prevent the

introduction of foreign capital are being swept away. The realisation that both foreign. enpital and foreign experts were essential to China was stated in

voice uncertain

by the Generalissimo in his October 10 message to the nation.

no

For almost two years, since the birth of the New Life Move-.. ment, the entire time of the Genéralissimo and his wife have been devoted to the task they have undertaken for the re- juvenation of the nation. There is pio time for relaxation; no time for pleasure. Their only exercise is an occasional walk outside their well-guarded home.

Multiferous duties hold Chiang Kal-shek to his desk and Madame

labours with Chiang

him. throughout the day and well into the night.

CHIANG Kai-shek was born in

1888 in a substantial, middle

founder of the Chinese Republic, loyalty towards the Republic. first tour of the north-western class family, and as a boy was

and is also a Christian.

#

Hongkong Telegraph.fighting off his former friends, munists are scattered in the, then that he began to

110

NOTES OF THE DAY tually these two provinces will

WILL OF THE PEOPLE

The first of the three principles upen which the Politieni Council is to direct the affairs of Hopei and und reforms Charhar, under the new "autonomy"

scheme,

is that

jeither voluntarily surrender their quasi-independence, or be forcibly subdued.

of

the classics the end of last schooled in Today, despite the semi-au- provinces at

In October, 1934, he ancient Chinese History and His family for literature. tonomy that exists in Kwang- year. operations and tung and Kwangsi, and the visited Loyang to open a Militury

generations had controlled the pital, Hongkung, on December 19, MILITARY

study of tactics and strategy autonomous movement in North Academy, and had no intention salt monopoly in the Fenghua have occupied the life of the China, there is more unity in the of proceeding further until it District of Chekiang province. was suggested that he should Young Chiang spent only a year Dictator of China since he was

cradle of at the Chinese military school, LOCKHART-SMITH-At the War a youth of 18, and until the New Chinese Republic than ever has

Accom. He obtained a cadetship at the civilisation. Chinese Memorial Nursing Home, on Life Movement was born Inst existed. The elements that go visit Slanfu, the

Tokyo Military Academy, where Thursday, December 19th, 1935, to

large extent been wiped out. panied by his wife and the Young he remained for four years Mabel, wife at W. J. Lockhart-year he gave little or no time to to make civil wars have to

other affairs. Smith, B. Ron.

His time has been fully oc- Feudalism exists only where the Marshal, Chiang Hsueh-liang, absorbing the military know. the Nanking Generalissimo has not been able Chiang Kai-shek paid a surprise ledge, which German advisers cupied placing

To-day the Com- visit to this old capital. It was had imparted to his Japanese firm footing, to reach. Government on a

see the instructors.

Ilis return to China in 1911 the Soviets and the Japanese. hills in north-western Szechuen, real effects of official neglect, and

the Revolution which resulted in and replacing feudalism in the

and the only serious opposition, out of that visit arose the deter. coincided with the outbreak of campaign the abdication of the last Man- THURSDAY, DEC. 19, 1935.

with governments provinces maintaining some semblance of to Nanking is in Kwangsi, and mination to begin a

throughout the country on the chu ruler, now the Emperor of Kwanglung. There seems POVERTY. PROBLEM:

same lines as that began earlier Manchukuo. In this early re- reason to doubt but that even-

publican

young movement in Kiangsi. A SUGGESTION ·

Chiang look, a very minor part, His first act was to call all serving for a time as a junior Thanks to the prominence given to the subject during the

foreign missionaries-Catholics officer in one of the units which past few days, the problem of

and Protestants-to a conference took over the Shanghai aren local poverty is securing a deal

at the Yamen. They were told from the imperial garrison.

. Chiung took his first real step of serious notice at the moment.

Chinese Government

toward fame and power when he JHEN, in 1934, General Chiang that the Whatever may be the root cause

Kai-shek abandoned. The appreciated what the mission- was named superintendent of of the evil, the dominant fact is that the poor are with us and appointments must be based faith of his forefathers and be aries had done in helping the the Whampoa Military Academy their needs are urgent, If the the will of the people. Geod words,

Christian, presumably people of China; and wished to at Canton. Of the greatest im- co-operate with portanee, at this period, to his Colony possessed the fucilities of those; hut with a faintly hollow came a

them in the fu- eventual rise to power, was poor law institutions, the prob- sound. The Political Council itself at the instiga-

ture, Commit- Chiang's co-operation with the lem would be much simpler of can scarcely be said to have beention of his wife,

political and military advisers solution. Unfortunately, we can created-by-the_will_of_the_people, the history of

tees were form who cume to Canton from not boast any such social servicc, but rather by means of a series China and, by reason

of financial of political, manoeuvres, many of

representatives Sun Yat-sen. stringency, there is little pros-

little though very powers which Kave

Missions and of Bolshevik Military and political involved, realised it until good in the near future. The and possessions are

Returning to matter therefore remains one for. Moreover, the fact that the Political now.

Com- the local Government and other, organisation. Paradoxically treatment through the activities Council was Inaugurated in secret

establish his duties as military academy of charitable organisations, because it feared demonstrations munism and Christianity are officials, to work under the New Canton, Chiang combined with Several bodies are engaged in on the part of antagonists in Pelp direct antithesis-the six annual Life Movement, to this work, each making its parti-ing is by way of being proof that and abortive campaigns against clinics, treat opium addicts and superintendent those of officer so far as the will of the people is the Chinese Reds were also develop measures to assist in commanding an expeditionary force sent against disgruntled cular appeal on behalf of those enncerned it has not had much bear responsible for the birth of suppressing oplum cultivation. concerned. As a practical con- ing upon the latest developments.

From Sianfu began the long southern generals.

Sun Yat-sen died in 1925. His tribution to the question, the lowever, let us grant that this first China's new deal. This is now

the , aeroplane tour that took thought suggests itself that it principle of the Political Council is called the New Life campaign. might be possible, by some acceptable. Let us grant, too, that

Early in 1934, Chiang Kai- Generalissimo and his wife over mantle fell upon the shoulders 1926, Chiang Kai-shek took the process of co-operative effort, to the second. principle-that ofcials

ever made by a the Com- longest tour provide the Colony with suitable must share in the adversity, as well shek began to realise that his the greater part of China-the of no one man. But in July, poor law institutions. His Ex- as the prosperity of the people, and campaigns against cellency the Governor, in his first that honesty is a first requisite of munists could not succeed it ruler of the country. Firstly to field as commander-in-chief of public utterance on his arrival. public office-is admirable. But it carried out by military measures Lanchow, in Kiangsu, and then the Nationalist armies and be- is nothing new. Most governments, alone. Some way of reaching to Ninghsia, between the Gobi fore the end of the year had spoke of his interest in the work which even pretend to be good, the minds of the people would, and Ordos deserts, to Taiyanfu, succeeded in pushing northward 1927 the Canton forces which the various non-Govern- would consider such a principle so he realised, have to be devised the capital of Shansi province, in the middle Yangtze Valley. ment institutions are doing, and fundamental as to be hardly worth in order to help the masses to and thence to Kaifeng, in Honan. it would be an excellent start to mentioning. The third principle,

Tsinan, in Shangtung. Peiping, occupied Nanking and Shanghai his term of oflice here if he were that friendly relations will be pro-help themselves.

Kalgan and Suiyuan. In each outside the foreign settlements, and Chiang and his supporters (Continued on Page 4.) to call together the officials of

He realised that military oc-contre the co-operation of foreign then set up the Nationalist various bodies dealing with

cupation of recovered territory missionaries was cagerly sought poverty for the purpose of a position is analysed, the clearer must be followed up by social and by the newest disciple of Chris- Government of China at Nan- round-tabic conference with a does it become that the time hus economic reconstruction in the tianity. The tour, instead of king. view to exploring the possibility arrived when some concerted disvastated areas and that, to lasting three days, lasted from to which we have referred. effort should be made to cope be effective. # national con October to December, and al-

was

few

By A

them secret, and at the instance of changed, & FETELEGRAPH [od, comprising Moscow at the Invitation of Dr. pect of the deficiency being made thought to the masses whose lives People, Staff Writer of each of the sent Chiang to Moscow to study

have

for

In 1924, Dr. Sun

Financial backing for the scheme with the problem. The first sciousness and spirit of mutual, together more than 7.000 miles 1927 he married Miss Soong

Commis-

car and afoot.

Mei-ling, having divorced his Miss Soong, the is the first necessity, and in this step needed is some detailed co-operation must be aroused, was traversed by plane, train, first wife. connection it might be possible examination of the question, and He saw that the immediate need

present Madame Chiang Kai- to induce some of the more for this purpose we can conceive was the development of the wealthy members of the com- of nothing better than the call-vitality of the spirit of the He witnessed terrible con- shek, was the daughter of a munity to assume responsibilitying together of the officials of all people, which seemed to have ditions in Szechuan, the former Christian pastor and graduate of hotbed of Communism, which Wellesly College, and was a for raising the necessary funds bodies concerned in its solution. been crushed.

has suffered over 400 civil wars sister of the second Mrs. Sun for the creation of these poor or the appointment of

The Generalissimo had not since the 1912 revolution. There Yat-sen. law institutions, this to be sion of Inquiry counting such

Her part in the history of followed up by a scheme in officials amongst its personnel. long since embraced the Chris- the peasants have paid their

1970! Taxes China will be no small one, for which societies interested in the The matter is one which vitally tian faith. What more practi- advance until

were not remitted, because it to his wife the present Dictator work would, with the promise of affects not only the health and cal than to put its tenets into

was impossible to do so, but the probably owes everything. As regular public support, operate physical well-being of the corn-practice? : ATTRACTIVE BEAUTY BOXES the homes for the poor and in munity, but also its social condi

The New Life movement was petty administrations respon- a military Dictator he would other ways be responsible for the tion and improvement. As Mr. devised by Chiang Kai-shek, sible for the situation were sum- sooner or later, have failed, just 'as all dictators must fail. But relief of the poverty-stricken de Martin' rightly pointed out in

as a saviour he may succeed. members of the community. his speech at the S.P.C. meeting, ably assisted by his most devoted marily dismissed: The famillar argument that the there is no more productive co-worker, Madame Chiang, as danger of the Colony making cause of class and social hatred, an experiment for Kiangsi pro- UT of the New Life move. His crusade is a dangerous, ex- ment has arisen the Peoples' perimental one-one that will provision for the care of the poor leading to crime and lawlessness, vince alone. In no time, how- might be an influx from neigh- than poverty, when the victims ever, it spread throughout the Economic Reconstruction Move. take many years to complete. ment, aiming at a systematic But the day that Chiang Kai- bouring territory is one that come to learn that their suffer-country.

development of the natural re- shek, the Christian ruler of 400,- need not be seriously considered. ing has been due to our negli-

with the mailed fist, is much. methods.

nearer than it was eighteen. Foreigners are no longer re- months ago, when an excursion; garded as "foreign devils" but into Szechuan or other outback as people vitally necessary to provinces would have meant. of oplum until he went on his, the well-being of the 400 million death and not New Life.

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#

*

#

LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD. It has, in fact, already been ex-gence and indifference." On this PARLY in 1933. Chiang Kai. sources of China under modern 090,000 people, can dispense

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ploded by the experience of the ground alone, to mention no shek began measures for the Street Sleepere Society as well. other, it is essential that a scri- extermination of opium smoking. as that of other local organisnous effort be made to cope with Military-minded Chiang Kai tions concerned with the relief of what is one of the Colony's big-shek hardly realised the ravages the destitute. The more the geat problems.