1935-07-02 — Page 15

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SOUTH AFRICA'S OWN JUBILEE

PROGRESS OF TWENTY- FIVE YEARS

By A SOUTH AFRICAN

N May 31, 1910, under the policy. "Representatives of white South Afrien Act the Union civiliantion in dark continent." of South Africa from four pre-"lorch bearers," "our destiny," and vinces became a fact, with General so forth are phrases often heard Louis Botha as its first Prime Min- From South Africans, especially ister and General Jan Smuts as when annoyed by Colonial Office 3 lieutenant. General Hertzog policy elsewhere in Africa. But was a member of the same Cabinet, how are they to carry out their In which Afrikaans-speaking pre-destiny? The answer is simple dominated over Euglish-speaking for a South African.

members. The Union, whose ail-ing. ver jubilee in celebrated to-day all

over South Africa, though applaud-

By expand-

DESIRE FOR EXPANSION This desire for expansion, north-

ed by South Africans at the time wards over Africa, has in the past

as a reconciliation of the races acted as a force opposing that other It force, the Republicaniem which was in fact a business leal.

represented the cession of one al- General Hertzog used to represent. most bankrupt province, the Cape It made it possible for General of Good Hope, and the transfer of Botha to carry his people with the into the Great another, Natal, on terms which other Dominions safeguarded ita sugar industry: War, and therefore enabled that the beneficiary of the transaction grand reconciliation of the South was the all-powerful North, whose African and the Unionist Parties Great War. General agriculture had recovered rapidly after the from the Boer War, whose gold-Botha went down to his House of mines were booming and whose Assembly in 1914 with a plan of political sentiment had been mare participation-South Africa was to

German South West 1 than appeased by the grant of res-conquer

1906. Africa, and she holds it still under ponsible government Botha was supremely grateful unda "C" mandate, which is the weak- large-hearted, as well he might be est form of mandate known. With on the reversal of Vereeniging. this expansion, Botha was able to Smuts was ready to serve and to crash armed rebellion and defent advise him, and to wield that secret political rebels, too, and the com- intellectual power attributed to Tadeship of the Great War made Princes of the Church. Hot Hert the post-War Unionist "Cusion" zog

nirendly planning the possible. The Coalition was back- means to carry Afrikaans supre-ed by the moneyed interests of the country, and that caused its even- macy even further.

tual downfali.

WAS

14

and

This strange character, on the

Any party in South Afrien which intricacy of whose method and the is backed by the moneyed interests stubbornness of whose resolve the of the country, by the gold mines changes in later South African and the chambers of commerce and history so much depended, bura industry, tends to become an urban closer investigation. A Republi-party, So long as there is no war can at heart, courteous buat reso- for it to fight, so long as there is tute, General Hertzog exactly re- no hope of territorial aggrandise. presented the rural Afrikaners ofment, and especially in the periods the Northern Cape and the Orange of reaction following war Free State which is his home. aggrandinement, an urban party Their is a more quiet and settled cannot hope to rule South Afrien. existence than that of the pioneer It is then that the rural population. farmers and lawyers of the Trans largely Afrikaner and represented tual, where 6,000, feet make gold in 1924 by General Hertzog, be- ever headier commodity, and comes unilled and insistent, mildly where one gambles in ideals as well anti-capitalist and highly Republi-: as in shares. Instinctively, the can. Its theory of capitalism is Transvaaler is a shaggier hot a the vaguest, but it does not like more generous being: the circum- the mines, athough it lives upon stances in which he lived gave him the taxation which they render to little time to consider principles the country. Combines with the Janguage,

republicanist, "anti-capitalist" Trades Unions, it status and the rest. All that turned out Smuts and his urban though he might occasionally be party in 1924. roused to acclaim it, was more mat. ter for the Free State and the Afrikaner Cape, where people were leas active and therefore more umbittered.

sidered.

race,

NORTH'S VICTORY

"MIGHT HAVE DEEN" Had Smuts been able to add Southern Rhodesin to the Union, then there might have been a dif- ferent story. But his negotiations failed. Ms party had no expansion- ist ery, and it fell before Republi- canism, Nationalism, and the forces which disliked "capital."

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1935.

Count and Countess Kurt von Haugwitz-Reventlow-she's better known as Princess Barbara Mdivani, or just Barbara Hulton, Woolworth hairass, pause for tea in San Francisco on the first stop of a regally appointed honeymoon. The fomor Miss Hutton after a hectic two days which saw her * Reno divorces Monday and a bride Tuesday--and her count travelled to New York and thence to Europe on her second royal honeymoon.

In this composite photograph are the Minas Halaala and Ranate Kerr, the daughters of Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Kerr, and below two other spectators at Spring Flower Show sponsored by the

Horticultural Society and held in the Race Club, Shanghai.

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Hence the strength of the Cape Republican, Dr. Malan, to-day, And hence General Hertzog origin ally drew his strength, for he start-

There then ensued the bitterest ed the movement of which Dr. Malan is now the active lender.gears of South African politics. Long office has doubtless altered in the background there was the the General's objectives, and his toneless reiteration of a difference republicanism may, as he says, beef interest between the poor white, theoretical now and not actual. the small farmer, the white town But the group, the Republicanarer or the one hand, and the sentiment, "which put him where native and the "capitalist" on the he is, remains. It is the largest other. In the foreground was i section of the Afrikaner commu- fierce unrelenting struggle over the

behind Fusion would be weak in debating power Native polley. Secondly, by ex-5-PRINTED nity, and it must always be con- Flag, nationality, language and the

recruitment and promotion of were material rather than spiritual, as well as numerically weak, and pansion, where expansion means Civil Service personnel.

The people accepted it is a dazed that with the premium on gold the Protectorates and eventually What broke, the Government in fashion, grateful for some recon-resulting from the currency going Southern Rhodesla, forming a the long run was an obdurate but ciliation after the strife of the off gold, any party with the Nation-grand whole with the Union and 6

alist "anti-capital" tradition could South West Africa, which will be Union represented a victory of typically Nationalist maintenance past ten years, and careless how

For Fusion take for the State in taxation the called the United States of Africa. the North over the South. Though of the gold standard at a time of was brought about. the fact that there was English re-world crisis, simply because. Eng-was dictated prematurely from whole of the gold premium. Then, But most of all this precarious presentation in the Cabinet meant and had gone off gold. Supra- above. A little later and on less they suid, the Nationalists would balance of elements opposed rests that the South African Party GovNational forces finished the Nation-one-sided terms the demand would be back in a year or two, full of won the continued prosperity of come naturally from the revenge. Better for South Africa the Band, which provides the wages Government, and another have ernment which Botha led could not afist

people. be called a racial Government, yet period of reconciliation set in.

to go in with them, make con- of half South Africa and the tuxa- stitutional concessions, and keeption which, in form of subsidy, en- TOO MANY WEAKNESSES The real history of the recon- most of the 45 per cent, English-

ables the rest to farm. It is the their hands off the gold mines, The normal successor his Party. Union also representeil zog, which led to the formation of Nationalist

Hence Fusion, a business deat mining industry that has given a victory of the country over the their United Party, to the Status Hertzog would have been a South like the other grand reconciliation South Africa the most enviable economic position in the world to- town, for the rural vote is, in Acts, and in the last quialysis to African Party Government under twenty-five years ago. obedience to the Art of Union, the new Native Billa, cannot yet Smula But its supporters would How can it hold its ground, and day, little unemployment except more valuable, as compared with be written. But when the books have none of it. Mining. Commer-keep the 180 sents out of 160 that among natives, and little pessim- the urban, than its numbers justi- are opened and men's motives stand clal and Industrial interests allt untrols in Parliament? First, ism except among locust-control

revealed, it will, I think, appear insisted that an S.A.P. Government by exercising a lively concern with | officials.

speaking population stood out of ciliation between Smuts and Hert

fy. In fact Union, though accept ed as a reconciliation, set the very conditions on which the irrecon- cilable Nationallat. Party was built up.

Other conditions, however, gov- erned the development of the Unton. As fortune has it, Bhe differs from the other Dominions in two ways. She is the only Do- minion that can expand, and she da the only Dominion that meets the full force of the colour pro- blem. Those two South African facts react upon each other con- tinually. The Great Trek in re- action to emancipation, the Kaffir Wars to establish British and other settlers in the Eastern Cape, and the Zulu "mennco" which is long broken but often reimagined by Natal; all these have built up a -pioneer frontler attitude to native policy in South Africa. To rein- force it, whito Trades Unionism has developed to full strength in the cities, and defends its wages and principles by a rigid colour bar. Thus there is a lasting tendency among white men to "stand to gether" in fear of a very peaceable black working class, which to many : in the basle explanation of the re- peated Fualons and Reconciliations in South Africin history."

Thore is, too, a willingness, in- eldental to this attitude, to claim for South Africa prior rights in the determination of African native

ta Government under

11

Photos received from England (Left) and

the United States (Right) each bore the caption. "world's fastest Sghting seroplane." The British. seem to have outdone the Americans with their. biplane. The British claim 231 m.ph, while US

monoplane hits only 200. Both are singie sontero. ¿Ca

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