1935-02-09 — Page 9

PICTORIAL

SUPPLEMENT

EINSTEIN MAKES IT CLEAR

MASS AND ENERGY EQUIVALENT

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY

1935.

PAGE

FIGHTING FIRE WHICH HAS RAGED

FOR FIFTY YEARS

WHOLE TOWN THREATENED BY STRANGE

MAN-MADE INFERNO

An attention-compelling figure was Prof. Albert Einstala at the conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Pittsburgh, where, as shown here, the famed scientist announced his new and simplified proof that mass and energy aỰC equivalent. He neatly parried ono. question on science with the remark, “A prediction is like shooting in the dark in a land where

there are few birds.”

A new and simplified proof that mass and energy are equivalent, which was presented in a lecture by Dr. Albert Einstein, was dis- cussed to-day by the members of the American Association for the Advancement of Selence at Pitta burgh, who heard this, his first keture In English.

The equivalence of mass and energy has beconic a matter of great importance to physical selen- flats in the last three years in their investigations of the nature of the nucleus of the atom. They expect considerable practical progress to result from these investigations.

They have concluded that 99 per cent of all solid substances in the earth and its atmosphere are con- tained in the atomic nuclei. Now a

NOW

Such a collision might be one of two kinds, he pointed out. The impact might

Uncle Sam is getting somo atrange jobs wished on him these days, but this is the first time ha has been naked to become a fire- man in a big whole-sale way.

New Straitaville's fire, however, Is so big, and has been unsuccess- fully fought for so many years that the plea for federal ald is actively being considered.

Over an area of some six square miles near here, tho. earth. smokes and shrivels as great fissures open up to lat out the gases and vapers of an underground conflagration that has been raging for 60 years. Rich coal seams, ignited dúring a bloody mine strike in 1884, have burned sullenly ever since, and defed every effort to extinguish the blaze,

And the fire is spreading to-day Into now territory, threatening to consume not only the rest of the valuable nine and ten-foot strata here, but also to attack the famous Hocking Valley fields, which lie directly in its path.

In 60 years of steady burning. this fire is estimated to havo de- stroyed $60,000,000 worth of ex- cellent conl, with $60,000,000 more in its path in the Hocking floids.

FINAL FIGHT PLANNED Government mining engineers are just finishing a survey of the region hereabouts with a view to getting federal PWA funds to put somo 500 men at work after the first of the year in a final effort to stop the destruction.

It will be a Herculean job, for many efforts of private Interests have falled, nt great expense.

The famous mine fires originated, according to local legend, with a particularly vicious and bloody coal be "elastic"-strike in 1884. Blood ran freely in. which no heat would be lost, or it Perry county in clashes of atrikers, might be "inclnatic"-in which case

non-strikers and state militia. the particles might stick together, generating heat in the prootes, and this heat, which is energy, would be lost by radiation..

In both cases, he declared, the law of energy and momentum would apply and there would be no loss in the total of mass and energy.

SIMPLICITY

"It is significant for its simpli- city," is one comment often heard

to-day.

One dark night, after the con- fliet had dragged on for elx montha, a body of striking minera seized several loaded coal cars on a tipple, poured barrels of oil over the conl. touched a match to them, and ran the blazing cars down into a mine a mile below the surface.

WHOLE MINE ABLAZE

In less than 24 hours the whole mine was ablaze, and for 50 years every effort to smother the blaze, with its million dollars' worth of damage erch year, has falled,

Once the course of a erzek was diverted to an opening in a mine passageway, and the water poured. down into the Inferno, with no re-

Cement walls have been sunk in- to the earth, known crevlees have been sealed, and steam forced down into the labyrinth of chasms. This, too, failed.

In spite of the old tradition that only a scant dozen men really un- dorstand the Dinst:Ja Theory, none of the 400 mathematicians and physicists who, by drawing lots, succeeded in xaining admittance to branch of science, nuclear the Little Theatre of Carnegie In- chemistry, in striving to discover stitute of Technology to hear the ways of tapping this 99 per cent-lecture seemed puzzled by this new of energy as well as of mass. proof of one of its important fea-sults. Lures. COLLISION OF PARTICLES Dr. Einstein, like most other loading physical scientists, does not bellove that all this energy can be realized and utilized na power, but he does not think it impossible that useful fractions of it may be put to work as a result of research now beginning. These investigations may also lead to the discovery of Dr. W. R. Cartmel, however, new materials and of new labour-speaking before the American anving-devices.

Physical Society, took exocption to Principio One of Einstein's Theory. He preferred the statement of Heaviside, he sald, who found a system of standing light waves following a mirror with mirror's

Getting rid of complicated elec- tro-magnetic fields previously cm. ployed in proof of the equivalence of mass and energy, he used in atend the collision of two material particles.

"It will-be-particularly good in teaching students the theory of re- lativity in a shorter time,"

19 дл- ather remark made by many.

RELATIVITY IN MOTION

(Continued on Column 4.)

Crevices and air channels, open- ing up on the hills, keep fanning the blaze to new furies. Valuable forests of the vicinity have been killed or stunted by the noxious gases, heat and fumes that rise from the inferno.

SCHOOL IN PERIL

The entire neighbourhood is studded with cave-Ins, great holes, and fissures which seem to have no

bottom. People have been known to be overcome by the fumes,

Just back of the new $80,000

REAL ATLANTIC STORM

The mountainous waves piled up by North Atlantie sturms to manage the ilvas of thousands of asamon and travellers are vividly brought home by this photograph taken from the bridge of the S. 5. Europa. The height of the waves le revealed by the fact that, while the Europa's bridge is far more

· than 100 feet above the waterline, it is barely possible to see over the crest of the onrushing water.

Flamos creeping relentlessly for 50 years through rich coal fields toward Naw Straitsville, ars shown here as they sweep a 30-zers hill, an

appalling picture of desolation and destruction, with fire, smoke, ånd deadly gases Issuing from deep pits.

CISTERN ON FIRE

high school building a dozen homes i were recently abandoned when One man on the edge of town their foundations suddenly buckled. went out in the morning to draw The foundations of the school it water from his clatern. He found self sank when the fire reached at full of fire. The marching con- coal vein beneath them, and the flagration had eaten into it during glowing coal had to be lifted out the night and dried up all the

minera by expert

to prevent water. collapse.

The fire also ate away the strata under the foundations of his home, which had to be torn down.

Directly in front of another school, the roadway rank five feet, and on a big hill nearby, a cavern- ous crack extends for a mile, Look- ing down into it for 50 feet noth ing can be seen but a seething mass of coats.

speed. He quoted Heaviside follows:

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"We see that everything go:A ON in the same way as if the uniformly moving ether were at rest. This in merely an example of the prin- ciple of relativity of motion. The motion of the ether merely carries forward the phenomena going on

In it.".

STORES OF ENERGY Energies undreamed of five years ngo have been found to oxiat in cosmic rays, Dr. Robert A. Millikan told teachers of science attending scasions here. Up to 10,000,000,- 000 eletron volta and more is now conceived highly ponalble and con- stitutes "one of the most amazing facts of modern physics."

Promising "much important news on cosmic radiation In the next 12 months," Dr. Millikan admitted "all too little is known" concerning its source, nature and power.

Regretfully he felt it was too bad Lo drag An Interested public "through all our mistakes as wo CoAmle ray experimenters have dons In numerous Instaners during the past four years.”

RESTRICTION OF CRIMINALS "We cannot breed a race of super- man but we can limit the produc tlon of criminals and other un- desirables," Dr. Ernest A. Hoolon, Harvard professor of anthropology, told the honorary science society of Sigma XI at its lecture lant night.

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Any extensivo mining in this rich coal area is now impossible, for no nooner is a shaft sunk than the fires may cat Into it at any moment. It isn't worth the chanco of losing the investment.

Tossing a further bombshell into the front line of "benzvolent hu- manitarians," the Cambridge avant left himself open to wide attack. "Let us cease to delude ourselves with the belief that edu- cation, religion, or other measures of social amelioration can trans- form base metal into gold. Public enemies must bo dontroyed-not reformed. We need to segregato and sterilize the antisocial and the mentally unft,"

At the same time Dr. Hosion felt it would be inspiring to pro- duce evidence that the material body is evolving into a perfect or- ganism or that mentality is grow. ing like the national debi,

Piccard tells NEEDS Dr. Jean Piccard, explorer of the stratosphere, attended talka on cosmic rays and heard the results obtained from his own recent flight and that of the United States Army fiors last summer and the call for more data at higher lov:ls. "All I need is financial backing," he said when naked to comment.

"If someone will put up the cash I am quito certain that 1 can take n ship up 20 mika. Those trips are expensive. The gan bag conta plenty. The metal ball lan't so | high, because there aro chances to dicker with various companies and use their motal for advertising purponDR. At the time of my last fight the aluminium strike camo along so that I was able to get gas free because there was little do- mand for it then.".

Fire spouting from his cistern, as shown above,^greated an amazed Naw Straitaville resident when he went there for water. Flames in the giant coal fire in that vicinity bad saten through the brick wall and dried up all the water. Miners barely escaped with their Ilves when fra broke through the sides of a small drift mine, shown at left, burning a deep natural "fireplace" In this hillside.

Property values in the town of world's biggest job as a fireman, 8,500 have-dropped almost to zero, it will bring new hope to long- for the fires have reached within suffering residents of a doomed 1,000 feet of the main street, and community, and save valuable na- the ever-present vell of smoke and tural resources. noxious gases makes living condi- tions unhealthful.

So they wait with anxiety the report of Ezderal engineers study- If Uncle Sam undertaken this ing the strange man-made inferno.

WHERE AMBITIONS CLASH

SUDAN (BRITISH)

ADDIS ABABA

RASTAFARI

**SEA

ARABI

FRENCH

SOMALILAND

GULF OF ADEN-

BRITISH

OMALILANO.

IBUTI

MUSSOLINING

Along the border between Italian Somaliland and the amolant kingdom of Abyssinia, monzzing' clashes have risently, occurred. Hammed in by European ponnessions and ambitioni, Kaa Tafari, reigning descendant of the Queen of Sheba, strives to keep an Independent kingdom. British Egypt'dépenda for life on water. From the Blue Nile, rising in Lake Traun, French Intereste bulft; the only railway, from the port of Jibuit in Frenák Somaliland in the Abyssinian capital, Addis Abada." Italian poustal dolenies at Eritrea and Bamalliand are expanding, militarized, and would like. Connect nerecs; Abyssinia. - "This makes. Further, military

exploits possible.

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