1934-11-24 — Page 14

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PASSCHENDAELE DAYS

OF HORROR

BITTER MEMORIES OF..

ARMY'S BLUNDER

By A. J. CUMMINGS

In The London News Chronicle

Mr. Cummings wrote this attnek upon the British Com- mand on the day Mr. Lloyd George's Memoirs of period were published.

the

January, 1917, by G.II.Q. was ful- Billed-among them the condition "that it must be a clean break- through and not a grinding opera- tion like that of the Somme.'

MUST CARRY ON

By July all the conditions of the Access had been eliminated. The

PASSCHENDABLEry blunder of situation had entirely changed. all time. All it did, if oven it did But the plan" had already been that, was to demonstrata to the up and enshrined at G.I.Q... private conscience of a British and "it became an impiety to doubt Commander-in-Chief that he was its infallibility." unfit for his job.

and

Haig, having silenced the mis- Hundreds of thousands of young givings of his own gentrals, went men were slaughtered and maimed to London with his plan. sketched In its futile carnage. But there out in grandiose language are scoren of thousands still alive Postulating opportunities sub- in all parts of the British Empire sequent to the capture of the Pas- who will carry to the grave the schendaele-Staden Ridge for the sents that indescribable experience employment of cavalry in masses." In the light of events which show- left on their souls.

After Passchendaele the mighti-ed the terrain to be impassable. eat British Army in history, never, to the statest infantryman, In the proper sense of the word, that phrase fought again. Its spirit was killed, supreme jest of the war, Its faith abattered, its hope van- Mr. Lloyd George, Lord Milner remained quished. The disaster Lo the and Mr. Bonar Low Fifth Army a few months later sceptical, and the Prime Minister was a direct consequence of Pass-wrote down his objections in a memorandum (now chendaele. It came within an ace considered

published) which la astonishing in

of losing the War.

stands out

DA the

1 had three months of 11. My its prescience. best friends parished in its foul Why were these objections over. and filthy swamps. Long before borne? Mr. Lloyd George says he Halg reluctantly called off the and his colleagues had to give battle 1 had ceased, like many way to the military authority of others, to care whether I lived or Haig and of Robertson (then Chief He makes died; and, long before that, 1. had of the Imperial Blaff). come to hate Field-Marshal Halg against these two eminent generals and to despise British generalship the grave charge that they con- more than anything else in the cealed from the Cabinet the oppo ESSUS world as the Inst expression ofsition of the French High Com-

superclfilous ignorance,

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mand, the protests of subordinate British commanders, the Fronch proposal to "wait for the Ameri. cans and meanwhile to husband the Allied reserves," and other

LLOYD GEORGE'S COMMENT The tragic shame of Passchen tiaele is now no longer denied. The blunder is not defended, But significant facts,

So the four months' battle in

to understand its magnitude and the mud began. Never was a

its

Lloyd

iniquity read Mr. George's scarifying chapters in the

battle staged with such tremend- ous and prolonged preparations; ever was failure from the start more disastrous and 'complete.

MISLEADING OPTIMISM

fourth volume of his memoirs.

No such terrific indictment has ever been brought against a high; military

Lloyd command. Mr. George says very nearly the list

Why was it not broken off? word about this classic epitome of; military ineptitude; and he says Why was this human agony pro- with a cold ferocity which bofits tracted beyond endurance and he- the subject.

yond the elementary dictates of is the story, he declares, of Commonsense? When an appre two ΟΡ three individuals who hensive Prime Minister visited would rather the million perish British Headquarters he found than that as leaders they should alg still beaming "antisfaction own even to themselves that ther and confidence" and the atmos- were blunderers,

phore at G.I.Q. reeking with

sycophantic optimism."

Ever since 1916 GII.Q. had been burning with the idea of clearing The War Cabinet neither put an the coast of Flanders and then end to the massacre nor, when "rolling" the Germuns out of failure was nakedly revealed, dis- Flanders. "Attrition"

an missed Haig and Robertson. Mr. afterthought of benten generals to doyd George gives weighty, if not explain away their defeat. Both unanswerable, reasons for not in- British Ministers and French terveaing.

Was

generals were strongly opposed to| But I do not readily follow his the undertaking and conveyed explanation that, even if he could their misgivings to the British have carried the Cabinet with him. the dismissal of the two responsi- Command.

Foch "wanted to know who it ble generals would have had a band was who wanted Haig to go on 'n effect upon public opinion. It duck's march through the inunda- would certainly have had a good tions to Ostend and Zeebrugge effect on the public opinion of a and thought the whole thing large part of the British Army. "Cutite, fantastic and dangerous. Moreover, it would not have been Gough was against it. Plumer a new and dangerous precedent. was against it, Wilson was against Germany had dismissed Moltke France had it, the tank commanders were and Falkenhayn.

and Nivolle. against it, the artillery comman- dismissed Joffre ders were against it, the meteoro- Britain had dismissed French. logical experts were against it. Later, Gough was to be made

And Jellicoo Not one of the conditions of scapegoat for Halg. success laid down in advance In (Continued an Page 112)

AT

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