1934-02-24 — Page 11

PICTORIAL SUPPLEMENT

PHILIPPINES'

CRISIS IN REJECTION OF U.S. OFFER

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY

1934:

400-YEAR BATTLE

This is the first of three articles dealing with the Philippines problem, which has again lapsed into a state of uncertainty in con- sequence of inaction on the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill,

BY WILLIS THORNTON.

A struggle for independence that has been waged. for 400 years came to a climax Jan. 17.

On that day the Hare-Hawes-Cutting law, passed by the last Congress, expired without having obtained the approval of the Philippine Islands, whose freedom it was meant to assure,

Thirty years of legislative effort, during which time the Philippine question always was before Congress in one form or another, came to nothing when the terms of the proffered independence were turned down last year by the Philippine legislature. And as Congress has not now acted, the whole Philippine question has gone. back to where it was several years ago.

There is no specific legal com- mitment or promise of independ- ence-only the brave and general promises that have sounded по emptily since American troops con- quered the lalands after the Spanish-American war.

Several last-minute efforts wore made in Washington to prevent the Philippine situation from lapsing hack into the uncertainty which has cursed It for 20 years.

Manuel Quezon, head of a special mission from the Philippine legis- lature, has submitted to President Roosevelt n programme which he belleves would be accepted in the islands but there has been action by Congress.

An

no

independenco plan that would give the islands autonomy not later than 1940 is supported by a powerful majority of the island legislature.

The plan provides that the present form of government be continued unless freedom is grant- ed in two or three years. If autonomy were delayed until 1940, it was proposed that a "respon- sible autonomous government be established in the meantime." SUBSTITUTES DRAFTED.

The Foreign Policy Association, endowed research body on foreign affairs, has sponsored with the World Peace Foundation a com- mittee which also has publicly presented a revised programme. for granting Independence 38 a substitute for the expiring Hare- Hawes-Cutting law.

And Senator King of Utah al- rendy has submitted his bill, far less favourable to the Philippines than the present one.

Resident

Gue-

Commissionera

vara and Osius are working for mere extension of the terms of the Hare-Hawes-Culting bill, believing that, even with imperfections, it la the best that can be had.

They believe that a new Philip-

IR

Hero' aro three outstanding figures in the Philippine struggle for independence on terms which will not mean economic downt for the islanders. Manuel Quezon, aliown seated in his apart ment in Washington, ie majority lender and president of tho lalands' Senate; upper right, inset, is Pedro Guevara; lower left, Camilo Oslas. Guorara and Ostas 'aro Philippine resident com. missioners in Washington.

pine leglsinture, elected_to_take, Hare-Hawes-Cutting bill last year, office in June, would ratify the believed it Inboriously had written present bill.

the last chapter in the long story of the Filipino struggle for in- dependence. Now it suddenly finds Congress, after passing the that an appendix must be added.

CONGRESS ANNOYED.

IRISH FREE STATE V. ENGLAND OR DE VALERA V. THOMAS

the quarrd between the seek to retain Ireland within the Irish Free State and Great Brit- Empire by armed strength, in ain, fate and circumstances, have other words, war.

· elected Eamon de Valera and J. H. Thomas na the chief antagonists. The one is President of the Free State, the other Secretary for the Dominions in the British Cabinet.

Ever since President de Valera has been in power, he has cui tie after the that binds his country to the British Empire. The original quarrel started over de Valera's refusal to pay England certain land, annuities. Britain retorted by placing a heavy tariff against Irish exports of butter, bacon and eggs, the chief source of the wealth of the country. Ireland replied by a heavy duty on British manufactures.

!

Thomas replied in the British Parliament, He did it cleverly. To have made a drastic answer would have been to give de Valera

walking miles to his first, school, Thomas left school at the age of nine to get his first job as an ch- gine-wiper in a railway round- house. De Valera worked in Dub. lin as a teacher, while he took his degree at the National University,

Thomas climbed the Indder and became an expert railway engine a strong battle-cry with which to driver. De Valera continued tea- call a general election. But Them-ching, his specialty being mathe-

an solemnly stated that he could not and would not give n categori- cal answer to a hypothetical ques tion. There, for the moment, the matter resta.

matics. Thomas became General Secretary of the National Union of Railwaymen, one of the strong- cat labour organizations in Great Britain.

Both men went into politicn. De Valera threw himself into the Ir-

in the Easter rising of 1916 In Dublin and sentenced to death. Reprieved under an amnesty, he was once more arrested, only to escape through a daring plot.

As a prominent trades unionist, Thomas naturally drifted into pol- itics and became Socialist member of Parliament for the seat of Der-

If all the Empire had beenish rebellion, was a commandant sought over it is probable that no two more striking opponents could have been found than de Valera and Thomas. The only two things they have in common are that both were poor boys and both call them- Then Thomas warned Ireland selves Celts. Do Valern was born that it could not have it both in New York City 51 years ago, ways; it could not have one foot his mother being Irish and his In the Empire and one foot out-father Spanish. The latter had side; it could not avoid the obli-been a sculptor of some note and gations Incumbent upon a domin- then, when his oyes fulled, sup don and, at the same time, enjoy ported his family by teaching mu- the privileges membership in the sie. Art and the higher things of empire gave,

life were thus In the very atmos phere the little Eamon breathed in his early years. Thomas was born 59 years ago in Wales of working class parents. There was no time for art. The wolf was too often at the door.

BLUNT WITH BRITAIN.

Do Valorn took up the challenge. Ho asked the British Government specifically to state what its act lon would be if the Irish Free State proclaimed itself a republic. His meaning was plain. He want ed to know whether Britain would

TOOK SEPARATE PATHS:

When his father died, de Valera wont to Ireland to be educated,

ROSE HIGH POLITICALLY,

FOR

PAGE THREI

INDEPENDENCE

where flags of ovary nation float from'ships that anchor in thi

...'a naval base that is both bulwark and peril.

that will have to be answered in the appendix to the book.

THREE-PLY PROBLEM.

The waterfront at Manila ...

busy harbour.

Congress, harried by the hectic state of our own affairs, is annoyed. This, anticlimax to so long and. so unceasing a struggle is espe cially unfortunate because now that the Hare-Hawes-Cutting act has expired, It leaves a situation that may be misunderstood badly both in the Philippines and the Far East, especially in Japan.

Expiration of the act without further statement has led many to the conclusion that the United States regrets extending inde pendence to the Philippines and now expecta to keep them in- definitely.

TERMS ARE SNÄG

The only way to prevent this lapse in a continuous policy would be either by a strong and definite statement by the president, pending further action by Congress, or by his appointment of a commission to plunge once more Into the mazes of conflicting interests and opinions that bear on the complex problem.

If it appears too hard to get a new or revised bill through the present crowded. Congress, this alternative may be chosen.

and

Practically nll factions groups in the lalands want Inde pendence. And probably a great majority in the United States want to grant it.

But how, when, and on what terms? Those are the questions

ATLA

ANTIC

OCEAN

The Philippine independence question, like all Gaul, is divided into three parts:

First there is the straightaway proposition that we got into the islands by accident, never intended to stay, always have promised

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

AT A GLANCE Population--12,100,000, Arca-114,000 square miles; three times size of Ohio.

Number of islands-11 large; 7,000 small. Discovered-By

1020.

Magellan, Freed from Spain-In 1898, U.S. paying $20,000,000,

Location-11;364 miles from New York; 9,847 miles from Panama Canal; 0,221 miles from San Francisco; 100 miles from Japan.

them independence, and ought to make good on our promise.

Second, there is the fact that we now buy and sell from the Philip- pines on a basis of free trade. Free imports of sugar and coconut. oll irk American farmers, who feel

ST. GEORGE CHANNEL

BRIEL

IRISH

SEA

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

STOL

that these imports tend to keep down prices and are unfair com petition. These special form in- terests now want Independence, hot or cold, quick, and of any kind,

Third, abandonment of the Philippines is all tied up with the whole situation in the Far East. Other colonizing nations don't hvant us to free the Philippines, feeling that their colonies will want the same treatment.

NAVAL QUESTION,

The Philippines, admittedly de- fenceless either with or without

the American forces and defences there, form a military and naval problem. They are a valuable naval base if you concede the necessity for protecting American Far Eastern trade lanes with naval force.

They are a liability if you con sider the possibility of having to defend (or recapture) them from an aggressive nation, say Japan.

So it is not a simple question that has been dumped back into the lap of the 73d Congress just when it thought the 72d had settled the matter forever.

~~~[NEXT:~~~HIów the United States found itself suddenly pitchforked Into the business of imperialism, and chafed for 30 years trying to wear a collar that didn't fit.]

THE BRITISH ISLES

NORTH SEA

ENGLISH CHANNEL

Separated by the Irish Sea and, figuratively, by an ocean of differences in temperament and poll. tical viewpoints, Eamon de Valera (left) and J. H. Thomas (right) are apear-hends of the diplomatic dis- pute between the Irish Free State and Great Britain.

by in 1910. De Valera became a Sinn Fein member of Parliament for the constituency of East Claremont, composed of Tories, Liber, knocks. De Valora scoms dour rich food and bubbly wine. De in 1917.

als and Socialists. He became Sec. retary for the Dominions in the now cabinet and, despite Socialist opposition, was re-elected by Dor- Thomas became a member of by with a huge, majority. De Val the cabinet in the two Socialist era led the opposition to the Cos- governments headed by Ranisay grave government of the Free MacDonald as Premier. De Val-State for ten years and in 1931 era became President of the Sinn once more become President. Foin movement and then President of the Free Stato in 1910-22. When the second Socialist cabinet fell in 1981, Thomas was one the few outstanding Labour leaders who followed. MacDonald in the formation of the National govern-

of

Do Valera 18 a well educated man whose hobbies, outside math ematics and the Irish languago, are high-brow books. Thomas is a boll-educated man, who has learned by travel, by contact with mon of all classes and by hard

and saturnine and glum. Thomas Valera, on the stump, is an im- is jolly and hail-fellow-wall-met. passioned orator who wins his au De Valera cares for nothing but diences. Thomas is a rough-and- his work and his home, which he ready speaker on the stump and makes his castle. Thomas loves also delights in after dinner gatherings and parties and puts on speeches. De Valera in his talks evening clothes so frequently that is always gravo and serious. the cartoonists call him "Dress Thomas is always humorous and Sult Thomas.”

full of good stories. De Valera De Valera Is tall and Janky, talks a cultured English or an awkward in his movements and equally fluent Irish Thomas has yellow of complexion. Thomas is not an "H" to bis namo, glories in short and rosy-cheeked. De Val- it, boasts about it, points out that era neither drinks nor smokes and: In spite of his lack of "H's" he has is Spartan in his meals and habits.. bagged four honorary degrees Thomas lovea a big black cigar, | from great universities.

RUBBISH

AND WHAT-NOT

HOW TO GET RID OF THEM

By Tomlinson Wright,

A correspondent who is already thinking about spring cleaning asks me if I can tell her what to, do with her husband.

My roply is that I make it a ruko nover, to meddle with affaires of the heart. I have passed this letter on to a Love Expert who will doubtless deal with it, or mislay, it in her own tender, Inimitabló way.

Meanwhile I am reminded of Hoveral other oddments that have an exasperating habit of clutter- ing up the home. I refer parti cularly to old cocon-tins, ment skewers, razor blades, gaslight and-coka bills and sundry foreign coins that no automatic machine will accept.

Motorists, of covese, have long) since solved the pblem of how to dispose of all this old junk.: But justly, I think-the motorist bears yet another burden. It is obviously impracticable to dia tribute auch bulky things as old tyres over the countryside in any numbers.

Let us assume for the moment, however, that your car, Hke my own, has passed into the safo keeping of the bank. How, then, are you to fight clear of tho

accumulating effects that dally make it more difficult for you to keep your boys or anybody else at home 7

The simplest way. I find, is to put each of these effects to some really practical use.

This may not at first seem so

'easy, but I feel, sure that with a few helpful suggestions from me you will soon be able to do all and more with an old salmon tin, say, than Mrs. Ketchup, of the Brighter, Menus Movement, does with what is left of Sunday's joint on Fri- day.

Well, and what is wrong with a nice pipe organ? Only the other day I was reading in the paper how a man had bulit one of theso fine, inspiring instruments out of a few old tins, and what has been done once can be done again.

Thero la no "reason"at"all"why, over to when the wireless goes chamber music, you and your friends should be dull. Resolve to keep them amused next Chriss mas or whenever it is, with a pipe organ.

Then take your old meat, skewers -the metal ones, I mean, not those you spellt by carving them up with the joint. What could be

handier about your estate than: a one-man horse-raka? And what, given a horse and a score or so of common-or-garden meat skewers, could be simpler to make?

Next we come to your old razor blades, and believe me, they are. full of exciting possibilities. "Why

not, for instance, use them instead of buying a now wallpaper for tho dining-room?

There is nothing like all-British steel for good, solid wear. Be- sides, you never know when some- body may start something, and in your bullet-proof dining-room you would be a lot safer.

And now what about your old gas-light-and-coke bills? Well, perhaps on second thoughts you had better keep these,

I need not discuss all the other! vexatious items in detail. Here. are a few very brief suggestions. just to show you how thoroughly I have gone into the matters)

Foreign (or Badly Bent) coing. These can be lost in Christmas puddings or disposed of quickly, In quantities of loose change."

Leaking hot-water bottica. These should be put on one side. A safe and simple moans of dis- posing of your husband's ... (or. wife's) relatives and other up. setting guests.

Old seed catalogues, circulars, etc.-A good plan, if the sofa. needs no more stuffing, is to post these unstamped to your local Income tax man

Old final demand notes Seme applies, only the other way about For motorists only-The old to solve. Tyres should be sliced tyre problem is really quite simple smail, fried to a turn and served piping hot with onions. This will save you wasting your money go ing out to some restaurants,