1933-05-03 — Page 5

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, MAY 3, 1933,

CHINESE DRAMA and princely families shared the do-

MR. J. D. BUSH'S ROTARY ADDRESS

"What China neods to-day is a laboratory thentre to make a cri- tical survey of her own classical drama na well as the spoken drama of the West, in order to meet the needs of a now gonera- tion," said Rotarian J. D. Bush in an address on Chinese Drama at the Rotary Club tifin at Glouces- ter Building yesterday.

Rotarían Bush Bald the the- ginnings of Chinese drama like those of Medieval drama in Eng land were closely connected with re- ligion. Just as the source of Greek drama could be traced to ritust dances performed in the springtims

light of the masses for the National drama, Whilst in Peking, I had the rare privilega of seeing a historical play performed by a galaxy of old famed actors of the Empress Dowager's days within the Preal- theatricals dontial Palace. It is said that companiment in the court festivals wero indispensable ac- before the fall of the last dynasty. Those of us who have seen tho talents of high order in the theatre within the palaces and in Peking itself could visualise the glory that way.

mont taken

tho

Manchu Period and Pl Huang,

Joyous Motherhood! After the middle of the Manchu period, the popular Chinese Gilbert hood being when baby is lovely, What heart-thills does not mother. and Sullivan opera "K'un Ch'u" fell healthy and happy! This indeed is the into decay and gave way to another fulfiment of woman's destiny. new type of dramas. These dramas when the little one is ailing, puny But what heart-ache sho suffers were expecially free from embellish and backward! And the entire house. before the shrines of Dionysus, so going back to the legendary days in

and composed of materials hold is unhappy when baby is it. China, you will find dancing held a popular novels, familiar legenda, world, children have been made wall,

from the literary plays or In countless homes all over conspicous place on occasions of sacri- nalivo tales and the like. fice or ceremony. According to an school of musical drama first gained Baby's Own Tablets. This splendid This and parents relieved of anxiety, by authority on Chinese

music. tho popularity in Anhui Province known juvenile health-anfeguard offers both dancers are grave performers who by as their attitudes and evolutions convoy with the Chineso playgoers has been illnesses. Administered at the frat the Pi Huang. Its popularity relief and protection from childhood to the eye feelings of veneration arut maintained up to the present day. eigna of off colour they set matters respect, which are expressed by the Pi Huang now words."

easily

obtain-right before serious developments can ablo

gramaphone records take place. by the famous Empress Dowager of tion devised by a highly qualified WAS

Baby's Own Tableta popular largely comprise a safe and efficient prescrip wide appeal also by virtue of the perience in children's ailments. They the et dynasty. It has won such medical practitioner of special ex- case with which the lines aro learn- are pleasant n taste and appearance, ed and the melodica sung. "More-which removes the difficulties

In tracing the evolution of Chinese drama, wo should also take note of the 305 poems of the Chow Dynasty These songs may be classided into three groups, "Feng," "Y" and "Sang". The first group "feng" were songe of the people and the second and third consisted of songs of the court. The Recorul group "ya" ra sumbled much the minstrels songs of Europe-mainly ballada narrating the exploita of the kings and for the amusement of the royal guests. All three types of songs were based on quired. historical opisades. Thess songs were sung to the accompaniment of some musicnl instrument. Thus poetry, singing and music were in- timately asociated with each other and later acting as well.

Prior to the coming of literary dramas ar plays, there must have been

court minstrels and itineran: featers, as in early European history, whe amused the masses with songs and with the recitations of vulgar dialogue. Many of you may recall Freing in the streets of Hongkong blind musicians of both sexes playing in the quiet of the night on siring instruments. They represent to us what remain of thogo early juggiera, acrobata, jesters and minstrels,

It was not until 500 A. D. how ever, that dancing, muale, action and lialogues were welded into some sort of dramatic games, resembling the minstrels in Europe during the ninth and tenth centuries, who n their buffoonery performed dramatic akita. Drama and literaturo certain- ly did not meet until tho

Tang Dynasty (618-906) A. D. Then dur ing the Sung Dynasty (060-1278 A. 1.) dramatic literature became popu lar and vital contributions were made in the subject matter of drama and dramatic theory.

.or

Yuan, Dramatiste. The dramatic poots of the Yuan Dynaaly might not have been great thin kors

scholars. But like Shakespearo or Mo- Here, they were actors themselves and therefore had the knack of welt. ing plays to please themselven as well as others. On the whole, like Shakes- peara too, these Yuan dramatista brought forth their plays without losing touch with their audiences and renaltive to most current things of the time that would appeal to the prentices, courtiers, citizens, light ladies and bullies in their diversity of tastes.

"For Ill can poetry express,

Full many a tono of thought

elent

sublima, And painting, mute and motionless,

Steals but a glance of time, But by the mighty actor brought.

Illusion's perfect triumphs conie; Verse ceases to be airy thought, And sculpture to be dumb." No dramatists or playwrights, an- or modern, would appeal to popular imagination, if they did not possess the knowledge of life and if they did not master the technique of making good use of the varying in- fluences of their surroundings. The part

reflects the whole and vice versa. Shakespeares' plays, thirty- four of them, in his days were no lively and amusing because he knew exactly how to carry with him his audience, refined and unrefined. into the unfamiliar regions of expres. slons and emotions. So in the same nanner, the Yuan dramatists writ ing their plays colloquial Chinese could arouse our feeling and charm Us with characterised

speeches.

Hence the 119 extent Youn plays were undoubtedly some of the finest literary productions In Chinese dramatic literaturo.

Tho draman of the succeeding dynastics like Ming (1368-1643) and Ching (1844-1011) are also sigal. ficant in the sense that they were founded. an romantic plays and bo cause they were entirely free from the orthodox technics. The drama- tic works of these two periods, like thono of Yuan, are regarded equally Important classics.

Chinese "Gilbert and Sullivan."

Па

The Ming dynasty brought about certain dramatic changes, In that the northern stylo of musical drama was displaced by the southern style, which was called K'un Ch'u.

'The Ming dramatista may well be called tho Chiness Glibort and Sullivan. One of the main features was the liberty taken at this period to uso the focal dialecta in tho librettos and speeches.

I have not the time to enter inte details on the drama during the

| Ming and Ching dynasties Suffles it to say that subsequently the popu lar theatro grows aide by aldo with

tho, classical dramas. From, firat to inst, the Manchu Imperial house

made

a gentle

con-

over its stories are familiar to all, often attend 'medicine time. which cultured and uncultured," Bay's n Baby's Own Tablets are Chinese writer "Its words are to and non-griping corrective for bo articulated" continues the same stipation, atomach and bowel troubles writer, "according to the manner of generally. The tablets quickly, re- the middle Yangtazo Valley, A dialect which may be easily

lievo croup, colic, convulsions, check ac diarrhoea and expel worms, whilst Its stage conventions and during teething they are especially in- technique of acting are well known valuable, easing the pains with almost to the audiences. "In reading the miraculous speed though they are Chinese drama, it should be borne guaranteed under public analyst's mind the difference between certificate to contain neither oplato classical edition, library edition and nor narcotic. the edition us interproted by the actor himself. They are often very delicate baby.

Safo for the youngest or mont different one from the other.

and

դո absoluto The recessity where there are children same may be said of the Western below the ago of seven, Baby's Own plays. Think of the hectic versions Tablets should be kept handy by all we see sometimes in cinema of the parents, plays and dramatised novels.

BURIAL IN BRISBANE,

Attempts to Westernise.

the existing Chinese plays in the STATE FUNERAL ARRANGED

According to Western standard, North or South may be classified

musical coneules, historical operas. musical farces, burlesque and operettes. Proso or non-musi-

until

FOR HINKLER

Canberra, May 2. cal dramas were not known to China whose body was found recently in Squadron Leader Bert Hinkler, comparatively recent date. When the literary movement was the Apounine mountains, where his pet afoot in 1910 by my friend and plane crashed several months ago, former colleague in the Peking Na-will be buried in Brisbane, capital tional University, Dr. Hu Shik, of his home State, in accordance serious attempts were mado to in-with the wishes of Mrs. Hinkler. troduce Western drama into China. The Prime Minister of Australia, Problem

plays of Ibsenite Shavian fame were then diligently that the Commonwealth Govern- and Mr. 3. Lyons, announced to-day translated into Chinese. At the ment will time, I had a hand in teaching such bringing the body to Australia, bear the expense of problem plays as Widower's Houses, Mre. Warren's Profession, and dis. and will also arrange 3 cuated with the students the subject funeral.-Renter Special, mattor of Ibsen's Chost. In those days of literary renaissance, noticed that there was

rupt body enthusiasts who encouraged the writ ing and acting of new dramas in In- stitutes like Teing Hua College in Peking, Nan-Kai in Tootsin, 6t John's University in Shanghai and many others.

of

Since the Republic, it may be point- evidence of experimental activity in od out that there has been abundant modernizing the Chineze plays on Western models. This process of modernization, is carried on within and without the academic circles. Critical study of the Chineso drama and dramatic problem is still engaging the attention of modern Chinese scholars to-day, more especially those who have returned from Europe and Japan. I suppose the persistent inquiry into what's wrong with the theatre will go on for same years to come. Publications of books and periodicals are ever on the increase from day to day. During the last ten years many of the master-pieces from the West have been translated. Many have gone abroad to investigate Into the various theatrical arts and crafts, Imperceptibly the tendency is no doubt toward the reorganization of the theatre to a nonrer aligament to the social term of the age.

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