1933-03-15 — Page 9

THE SHING MUN DAM.

INTERESTING CONSTRUCTIONAL FACTS GIVEN BY RESIDENT ENGINEER.

ADDRESS TO LOCAL ROTARIANS.

.

Some interesting facts concerning dams, and in particular the work at present" being done at Shing Mun, were given at yesterday's Rotary Club tiffin at. Gloucester Building by Mr.. G. B. Gifford Hall, resident engineer of the Shing Mun water works construction scheme. In the course of his address he mentioned that lo ensure complete satisfaction the work would be extended over a period of four years. Their work would be limited to about 500 cubic yards a day.

manner.

on which it is built.

Abutments as Spillway,

THE MONGKONG TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 15, 1933.

which have the effect of consider on the upstream side of the dam ably reducing the cost of the work. until we eventually did and water We have abandonned the idea of tight rock, and we have in some chuting therefore, and have adopted cases carried trenches of this kind cableways which pick up four to down to the great depth of 180 five tons of concrete at a time and feet. Now, however, we have carry them to the dam and which found out a cheaper way of ren- P & O BANKING will also be able to carry plums dering fissured rock watertight

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sand near the site. You all know into the rock and force in "gro8t"| Authorises Caplink i how concrete is made. The ordin-under a pressure of round about sheerand and Tilkny ary rack is taken and it has to be 100 pounds per square inch. Loverre Maseru Pandor crushed to various sizes and then "Grout" is a mixture of cement and sard has to be added to fill up the water and looks like cement milk interstices in the stone, ant and it has the effect of penetrating! 12-18, Landeskali Birach, Lonka, HÜ 1,5 cement has to be added to all in into the fissures, under the pres the interstices in the sand. · In sure behind it and sealing them this place there is no sand nearer and converting the mass into n than some of the beaches twenty watertight foundation. miles away, so we have to pulverise our own sand with machinery that picks up small stones and Blings them against steel plates, which has the effect of converting them into sand of different sized grains,

Preliminaries,

end.

Four Years to Finish.

the patient can be sent to a bigger Mr. Hull concluded the address hospital. The Police have been very by thanking his audience for the ing a Police Station there to look address and thanked the Rotary after any unruly coolies we may Club for the opportunity afforded him of explaining some of the work entailed in the construction of the Shing Mun dam.

have.

Excavation Work.

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A waiter brought menus. The the initial ....................... 159,408,808 | 2004:42 sharter periode in Lomi CurrENCY young man consulted Sheila, gave a 2.000.000 the order. "I thought-that is, IM. 19,013,BOA hoped-I might see you at the brook to-morrow." he told her BANCUES Bedenke when the waiter had disappeared, "I'll bring lunch for both of us if you'll come."

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MORI,

Besson 11th March, 1900,

Mr. Hull Gald:-I must say at height of 100 feet and then two the outset that dams can be divided incres of asphalt will be put on into a number of different classes top of that and then an arch pro

I suppose you would like to know

Ümberal Exchange and Banking Brutom DAWNPORR KUCHING. such as the gravity dam, the arch per will be built on that, so that

*DELHI socaats opened. dam, the multiple-arch dam, the two dams will be incorporate

something about the time necata Lease and onchero m

SAVINGS BANE might say that we have allowed

ACCOUNT ==Labruk: MAXFTIOING alab and buttress' dam, the rock in one, both acting independently

sary to complete this dam, and Ipty. Current and Heat Deposit COLGENG somewhere about four and a half mine which way be obtained va xaMBURG, filled dam, the earth dam and the yet together. If you ask me, how

HANKOW years for this. We do not want

TRAVELJA KEN" LUTERNS OF CENOry 20 hollow-te-inforced concrete dam. ever, what happens in the asphalt,

MARKIN nd TRAVELLERS', CARQUIS inned. The method of construction was to build it too quickly, not of course Of all these wa havo selected two, I should have to confess frankly

PASSING: PRS" | LETTERS OF, CEOF HONGKONG BANGOON the gravity and the arch, as being that I don't know. What I know is

of ca cnly on board Pk 6, and B.L. most suitable for the characteris- that asphalt being plastic wil. decided in December last, and full for our own sake but because it

Jorm Line Abonmmers, and as Parts of: Call

British Insome Tax Recovered, ties of the Shing Mun valley. The accommodate itself to whatever specification of the machinery re-is better for the work. When you gravity dam, as its name implies, changes do take place and that quired was sent home to England add water to cement, a chemical re- resists the pressure of the water again, being" plastic, it will not and is now being manufactured Faction is set up which generates | Executorships and Traciemklos undertaken, Dunostia received, for one year or sherber

have to heat and you all know that any- by its weight. It might be said permit the water to leak and travel there. Meanwhile we

thing does and we are now building a camplarea. than the same that it is perhaps the most ex- from one side of the joint to the go on with the preliminary work thing that is hot occupies a bigger

It is ather. pensive of all these dams.

Before we came here there had for a thousand or so coolies, quar when it is cold. If we build this usually built of concrete or cyclo- pean rubble which consists of very been a certain amount of very use-ters for the Europeans and the dam too quickly and put successiv large stones embedded in con- ful exploratory work and drilling ordinary store and office buildings layers one on top of the other we crete. Compared with the disad-carried out by the Public Works required for a job like this. We are not allowing the air to get to vantage of cost it has the ad-Department and we were able to are also carrying out anti-malarial the concrete to permit the heat no work and we have been to speak to dissipate-slowly, We where we vantage that a spillway can easily get a rough idea of "be incorporated in this dam. It might find the rock down below, favoured with the help of Dr. would therefore, be bottling up the is also much easier to build be and it seemed reasonable to sup- Wellington and Dr. Jackson, who heat which is not good for the We are limiting burselves cause its large dimensions enable pose that we could find rock at are giving us full advice and as work. what might be called "mass produc- an economic depth and therefore sistance in this important matter. to roughly five hundred cubic we have adopted tentatively the We have now drained five of the yards a day, which will enable us to tion" methods to be employed...

The arch dam stands up against arch design. You will understand. rice fields which covered that area build the dam, if we are favoured the water in a totally different however, that whether we finally and which were prolific breeding with good luck and weather, in It breasts the water and choose the arch or not depends places for mosquitoes. Incidentally about four years. It would not be I might say that we have had a service to Hongkong if we went the water pressure sets up a thrust entirely upon what we actually find dealings in the past with a number for record-breaking speed in build which is transmitted through the down below. Drilling is now in of Governments in various coun-ing this dam.

In the progress, day and night, in an dam to the abutments.

We are all extremely pleased that ane to work so quickly as tho old days we used to design it as attempt to get this information, tries, but I have never known any

He told her hia name Wa8 a thick cylinder and before we which is so vital, as quickly as officials in this place, because we have such a nice place to work three days after I told them that in as Shing Mun. It is a per knew as much about concrete as possible.

fectly lovely place and is much Jerome Wyman. He we wanted to resume the ricafields superior in scenery and climate to course, called Jerry. He saw that he often are a deposit boxes to les we do to-day we used to limit the

we were actually at work on them. stress in these dams to about 15

many other places I have previously this name made no impression on I mentioned how difficult it was

We are also building a hospital worked in, and later on when the her and scemed glad. He was tons per square foot. During the past ten years, however, we have for a spillway to be incorporated to deal with accidenta which are found out a good deal about con in an arch dam. Most of you almost inevitable on jobs of this lake is completed it ought to be an working at the fatoery. Why? crete, cau considerably improve its know the Shing Mun river has a kind, and for ordinary sickness ideal place for a Hongkong week-To make a living. He didn't tell manufacture, and can now design very small flow in the dry weather which has to be looked after before

square when it is almost a mere dribble, it to stand 40 tons par foot. That means that the section and that in the rainy season there of the dam Instead of being wide is a very considerable flow. If and costly like the gravity dam can a cloudburst occurs at a time when kind to us also and we are build-interest they had shown in his millionaires in the course of the . THE BANK OF HAST ASIA, be considerably reduced and there the reservoir is full the water, it fore this dam is much more uncontrolled, would flow over the economical... But a spillway in this top of the dam and do the, damage

He didn't tell her that he loved type of dam, especially in one that I have referred to just now,

When construction actually

her but his eyes said this and which is so high as the Shing and to prevent this the abutments

A Local Pioneer.

! Sheila was glad. Man dam, cannot be easily incor- have been designed to act as spill-starts, the first thing to do is to #porated for the reason that water way so that the over-flow water excavate for the foundation of the:

Proposing a vote of thanks to They talked for a long while | Emeres zza Unatrided Profis.. flowing practically vertically over in the case of this dam will flow dam, and when this has to be made this great height acquires a very over the two sides of the dam and ncross a river some provision must Mr. Hull, Professor Middleton and suddenly discovered that all of course be made for the water Smith referred to the recent ap-of the other diners had disap- considerable momentum at the not in the raiddlz.

the hole pointment of Hon. Mr. R. "M.peared. Itwas time to close the You may be interested to know which would flow into bottom which would be sufficient iz

Henderson as Director of Public restaurant. The waiters some cases to crude the foundations with regard to the drilling that in thus made. In the case of ved Works and mentioned the fact that hovering about restlessly.

two holes drilled in the river bed wide rivers we often have to build Arch dams are very difficult to to a depth of about 60 feet we have a coffer dam, anclosing, say, one- he was one of the pioneers of the design because we do not know ex-found what appears to be sand at third of the width of the river, present scheme, and said that actly how they behave under vary a depth of 35 feet. I cannot be at a time, pumping the water out grateful as they would be to Mr. ing stresses due to varying water certain whether it is in fact sand and building the first part of the Hull and his collaborators they load and changes of temperature for whether it is soft decomposed dam inside that coffer dam leaving could not forget the efforts of Mr. granite but of course we shall have holes through it in order that later Henderson for the benefit of the between hot and cold nights.

on the water may be Ito get below this.

diverted populace in this connexion. When

Long after Sheila had slipped so that the he thought of the work Mr. Hull Turning to the construction side through these holes

had been doing, it made him con- between the covers of her bed S much money has been and of the work it is necessary to plan rest of the dam can be built.

It carefully, beforehand because Another way is to drive tunnels trast the life of the engineer with that night she lay awake. She

that of a will be inverted into dares for the cost of the work and progress round the dam and to divert the

doctor. The great smiled in the darkness. She was water supply, hydro-electric and

was to see Jerry to-morrow. She felt depends on the construction me- water through the tunnel so that difference between the two

a mis- that she had never, never been so irrigation purposes that a group thods employed. In the building the excavation for the dam may be that when a doctor made of interested people got together of a concrete dam the first thing carried out in the dry. But in the take he buried it but when an appy in her life.

(To be continued.) some seven or eight years ago and financed the construction of the you have to look for is the stone case of the Shing Mun river itself, engineer made a mistake it buried

him. (Laughter). Stevenson Creek dam, an experi- with which to build it, and there the width and character make it

He made reference to the open- mental dam in America. The site fore we have to find a suitable more convenient to build a fiume, was chosen where the river fell place for a quarry. In Shing Mun which is a woor en trough carrying ing of the Ty Tam Tuk Reservoirs TERRIBLE HOLOCAUST Authorised Cashel

there is no stone within a reason-the water across the foundation. in 1915 at which he was present steeply and also in such a place sable distance at a level above the The most important part of a when Sir Henry May, who opened that when the dam broke up it dam. The reason why we like it dam is that part which apbody it, stated that they would have THIRTY-TWO DEAD IN FIRE would do no damage to the coup above the dam is because, it is

aces after the dam is finished, in enough water then to last for IN MEXICAN THEATRE this dam was built only two feet easier and much more economical other words the foundation on twenty years, but after five or six try below. The top

to take heavy loads downhill than thick, and in its upstream and to pull them up. downstream sides steel plugs were incorporated in the concrete and

Rock and Sand Difficulties." instruments were set up so that

At Shing Mun the only suitable the behaviour of the plugs in the dam could be observed as the water rock is down in the gorge itself dam. That rase on the inside. Day by day down-stream of the while the water slowly rose these means that the stone, when It has observations were taken. The been quarried, which incidentally water finally got to the top of involves winning 1,000 tons a day. the dam and quite contrary to has to be lifted across the valley what everyone expected the dam to the crushers on the near side of did not break. However, the damithe dam. where it will be crushed did bend. The water pressed it preparatory to its being converted in at the middle and pressed it into concrete. Once having settled outward at the side and it created the site of the quarry, which is quite a new idea on arch dams. the heart of the job, (because what Full advantage of this experi- we are trying to do is to take solic ment, together with the very rock from one place and put it in elaborate mathematical calculations, another place in as nearly its have been made, based on the be- original condition of solidity as haviour of this dam, in designing possible), the rest of the plant the particular kind of arch pro and machinery is located with res- pect to that. Then follows the posed for Shing Mun.

You have perhaps noticed that location of the mixers and then any valley is narrower at the some means has to be devised of placing the mixed concrete into bottom than it is at the top, and the dam. One of the most modern It so happens that unicas a certain methods of doing this is with a angle is subtended by the arch, chuting plant, but we do not like the arch itself does not in fact this particularly because we find behave as an arch but as a cantil-that in hot countries the concrete ever, so that while the upper part is apt to stick in the chutes: fur- of the dam acts as an arch the thermore we like to use dry con- lower nart of the arch is acting crete because it has been found as a cantilever and somewhere that the less water there is in between the two there is an inde- concrete the stronger it is, terminate intermingling of these and in trying to chute dry two particular types of stress. concrete we find that the larger particles separate themselves from Asphalt Joint Introduced.

the rest and so nullify the cars we In the Shing Mun dam the lower have exercised in mixing it. An- 100 feet is designed as a cantilever other difficulty with a chuting plant and in order to eliminate any is that you cannot in this manner uncertainty as to the kind of put "plums" into the dam. “Plums”! stress at this point an asphalt are large solid stones, weighing Joint has been introduced. We up to five tons or more, which shall thus build the dam up to a are embedded in the concrete and

Stevenson Creek Dam.

60 fect of

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Hexico City, Mar. 14.

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it may be sufficiently solid to carry pioneer work on the Shing Mun are in a theatre at Ahualulco, al the weight imposed upon it, it is scheme was begun.

Jalisco State, to-day. As a re- not watertight by reason of the He hoped they would have the sult 32 are dead and 18 missing. fissures which are so frequently met opportunity of hearing Mr. Hull The list of wounded totals 70.

It is believed that the fire WAS Hongkong with especially in granite. In the again at later date, when he

a short circuit in the early days we used to get below would tell them of his adventures due to

electric equipment.-Reuter, these fissures by sinking a trench in other countries.

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