DAILY AT 2.30, 5.10, 7.15 & 9.30 P.M.
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1932.
BOOKING AT THE THEATRE TEL. 25313.
THE KING'S
ip
OUT
KNOCKS THE
THEATRE
OF THE
THEATRE
THE MOST COMFORTABLE AND THE ONLY AIR-CONDITIONED THEATRE IN HONGKONG
THE AIR-RECONDITIONING SYSTEM IN
THE KING'S THEATRE,
HONGKONG.
Modern theatre design includes some kind of system whereby the interior air properly treated to warm, cool, or purify it as circumstances require.
in the temperature zones, where variations of temperature during the year may vary between zero weather in December and torrid days in June, provisions must be made for both heating and cooling the inside air. In the tropies, varin- tions in temperature are not so great but the troublesome factor is the humidity. All air-reconditioning systems are designed to control the per cent. of moisture or the humidity of the air wherever the system is used, as well as the temperature,
In laying out the air control
ystem for the
of the prevailing characteristics of Hongkong eles Theatre, a study was made
Data secured from the beal weather
time.
over a long period of records aver twenty years indicated
bureau that the temperature range in Hongkong could be expected to vary between 91 p and 78°F, with a Keneral average of 80" F. The relative humidity or moisture content of the air expressed in a convenient percentage was found to be about 81% at the average temperature of 80°F. Now, relative humidity is the rati
of the actual amount of moisture contained in a wit volume of the mixture to the amount of water this volume holds at the same temperature if it were wet the humidity would
saturated. In other words, if the air were "wringing foot of air. Now, 11 be 100%, measured in cuplet at constant pressure, until a certain low tempera
partially saturated air is e
of water vapour per
B
ture is reached, the water will condense out of the air, just as it does during cloudless night in the temperate when
won we
say the "dew falls." This gathering places.
explanation of the theory is essential in order to explain,
misconception about air cooling for public
Thay
the popular
primary object
is to provide a means of controlling the humidity of the entering air, as well as the actual temperature, Cold wet air would provide atmosphere but dry even a little below outside temperature is most enjoyable.
a most disagreeable The equipment installed in this theatre is designed to supply clean air throughout the house so that, what is filled with people, the average tempera- ture will be about 79 to 80°F and the relative humidity about God. This means.
the air inside will have only about one-t
third as much moisture in it as that contained
in the outside air, providing delightfully cool dry atmosphere in which
himself even on a hot, sticky one can refresh his
day.
tlist
all
To accomplish these three results, viz. purification, drying and cooling of the air, a complete Plant has been installed. The essential units are the ameni compressors, condenser, brine cooler, air washer and circulating fan electrically controlled.
In practice, cold brine is rapidly circulated through # series of tubes over which the incoming air is drawn by the fan. Jets of water spray on this air, washing out of it all dust and impurities. Its passage over the chilled coils couls it to a point where the water vapour condenses out. It is then drawn through the fan and forced into the duct system, which is above the ceiling of the main portion of the house and above the sents under installed the balcony. The soul sir is displaced us the warmer air rises and is finally returned to the washer through the untlets or "Mushrooms" the floor. After repeated changes and washings the entire atmosphere inside seats on the theatre will be brought to about the enmo temperature and humidity. Sudden changes in the outside air, some of which is constantly being introduced into the system, such as heresy in moisture content or rise in temperature, will taken into account and the compensating allowances made in the system to again establish a uniform inside atmos
atmosphere.
a
under the
Some facts about the equipment may be of interest. When nearly 1,100 people are together in heat and products of breathing are given aff. Each individual must be supplied single large room, A very definite amount of with a certain amount of pure fresh air per minute, otherwise, the room Boon becomes "slutty." In this design a total of 39,000 cubic of reconditioned air will be supplied to the ducts overhead which will give every person in the house about 38 cubic feet of air per minute, an amount entirely sufficient for perfect atmospheric comfort.
9"
To purify and cool this amount of air requires the circulation of a very large amount of chilled brine. This is accomplished in a twelve feet horizontal brine cooler. The brine circulates through the brine pipes in the air washer and back through the cooler. The cooling of the brine is accomplished by Huid ammonia evaporating inside the cooler around the brine tubes. As the ammonia evaporates, taking away the heat from the brine, the vapour is drawn into one or two vertical ammonia compressors of the latest design, driven by direct- connected synchronous ruators taking power from the incoming lines at 360 Tolls. The compressors are single acting machines, 8* X 8" and 9" x running at 300 R.P.M. The Smaller compressor is driven by a 75 HP. Motor and the larger by a 100 H.P. Mater.
The brine circulating pump is rated at 600 G.P.M. against a 50-feet head, thus giving about 25 lbs, pressure through the brine cooler and colla of the wanhur. It is direct-connected to a 1460 R.P.M. The water used in the spray system for purifying and cooling 16 H.P. Induction motor running at the air in circulated by a pumping unit similar to the brine pump described above. This is
This is pure water drawn from the Colony's water ayatem. The circulating fan for the house is horizontally
positive acting low pressure blower mounted and running at 870 R.P.M. rubber belts from
n 20 .P., 3 phase 350-volt, 1450 R.P.M. motor.
It in driven by three "V" type The connected cooling of the namenia vajour in the aminonla condenser requires a relatively large amount of cold water. Study was Best made to Res if water from
local mains could be used and then re-copied by means of a cooling pond or tower, but it was found that the amount required and the cooling aren necessary entailed prohibitive coats. It was, therefore, decided to use SEA water for
for cooling the condenser. A pump house was built near Bloko Pier. A direct-connected contrifugal pump rated at 400 G.P.M. nt a 35-feet head, driven by A 20 H.P./motor puts sea water through 1100 feet of 6 pipes to the condenser from whence it flows back to the sea through the nuilah which runs under Podder Street.
ди
Besides the-air-conditioning Apparatus described above, the refrigerating.........
slag pantaina, the main coffre uglahko vi fan S, Thong (S
COMMENCING SATURDAY
must come
You
French
They meel a girl! She shows them
a hot time
171
the old
Paris town! You, loos
must come over-
THIS
IS THE
NIGHT
a Paramount Picture
with
LILY DAMITA
CHARLIE
RUGGLES ROLAND YOUNG
over!
THE KING'S
AIR-CONDITIONING
ESSAY COMPETITION
RECENTLY HELD
ATTRACTED ENTRIES FROM THE PRINCIPAL COLLEGES OF THE COLONY.
THE FIRST THREE PRIZES WERE AWARDED AS FOLLOWS:—
FIRST
-
- TSE SHUI MAN,
St. Paul's College.
THÂN KIM YING
SECOND
(Following the recent Essay Competition, which proved most popular, the Prizes will be distributed by the Hon. Dr. S. W. Tso. at the King's Theatre; at 5 p.m. on September 10th. The First Prize is a gold medat, the Second Prize a silver medal, while a book will be awarded as the Third Prize, In addition, Complimentary Tickets will be awarded to the competitors who secured the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth places).
THE FIRST-PRIZE ESSAY.
To-day the popularity of Cinema Theatres cannot be denied. The number of theatres throughout the world is increasing daily, and they are becomi
no popular that the people now prefer patronizing them to attending the ordinary theatres.
Not only do the proprietors of Cinema theatres provide their patrons with the productions of the most famous screen stars, but the greatest attention Is paid to ways and means for ensuring the comfort of their customers, particularly during the hot and sultry Summer months of the year.
In order that patrons may sit and enjoy the masterpieces of the leading screen artists in comfort, the most up-to-inte methods are being tried and adopted for cooling and purifying the air inside the Cinema Theatres.
In the majority of existing theatres the atmosphere is hat, unhealthy and suffocating, and the only methods of cooling in use are ventilating fans. Owing to the crowded state of the theatre, the air remains hot and polluted till the audience disperses.
The air which we breathe is the source of life and serves us a carrier of hent and moisture to or away from our bodies; and the heat of humid murround- ings is most uncomfortable and depressing, as everybody who has expericnood
Hongkong Summer well knows.
In the past, little was known of the evil of breathing "used-up" air, and such a state of the atmosphere was termed "niusty" by theatre-goers of those days and was suffered by them without complaint. However, more recently, thentre owners began to realise the importance of ventilating theatres by allowing the foul air to escape and fresh air to enter. Another method of purifying the almosphere was the drawing out of the font air by means of centrifugal fans in the roof of the building, fresh air entering through the doors and windows.
Later came the idea of cooling the air. The first system tried was the Carrier System, which cooled the atmosphere by means of ice. however, certain drawbacks to this method, as the building must necessarily There are, be kept air-tight and If fresh air be allowed to enter it interferes with the cooling process, which must then be repeated, and besides, there in as much moisture in the atmosphere as before and the relative humidity is higher.
The latent method of air-conditioning, as installed at the King's Theatro, provides for a constant temperature and constant state of humidity, besides ensuring a continuous supply of pure, cool and well-oxygenated air. This now system keeps the air inside the theatre relatively pure and wholesome and at a temperature of about 78 degrees Fahrenheit and a humidity of 68% to 65% in Summer, and at a temperature of about 70 degrees Fahrenheit and a humidity of 35% to 40% in Winter.
The fresh outside air is drawn through an opening by a fan and then passed into the Spray Chamber, where it in washed and cooled to the desired temperature by jets of water from the “refrigerator" of the, Spray Chamber. The nir, having been cooled to a temperature of about 45 degrees Fahrenheit, is passed out of the Spray Chamber to the Mixing Chamber where 75% of conditioned air in allowed to mix with 25% of the warm air from the theatre. The air is now correctly cooled and conditioned to a temperature of approximately 75 degrees Fahrenheit and is allowed to pass into the body of the theatre in a "blanket" from the ceiling and other points of the theatro, providing a continuous supply of pure, fresh, cool air, till the performance is over and the audience diapersO8. Under every sent in the theatro there are perforated, openings, through which the used air inside the theatre is continuously being drawn off and passed out of the theatre.
After each performance, and after the floor has been swept and cleaned, all exits are thrown open and the old air is entirely removed in about two minutes by storting the small "exit" fans and the three big centrifugal fans which are installed in the roof of the building for this purpose. This engi a supply of pure, fresh and cool mir at every terlarissa
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