1932-06-29 — Page 22

10

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THE HONGKONG

CHOLERA AND ITS SYMPTOMS.

DR. LI SHU-FAN'S TIMELY DISCOURSE

The following la a resume of the lecture delivered on Monday night at King's College by Dr. Li Sku- fan, on cholera and Its prevention. There was a largo gathering of members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the general public.

Cholera, is an acuto infectious discuse due to the inplantation of the cholera vibrio in the gastro Intestinal tract, characterised by repeated parging, muscular crampa and rapid collapse, said Dr. Li.

This disease is endemic in cer- tain parts of the tropics such as in India, while it occasionally assumes an epidemic form in temperate in the Summer. zones capecially The spread of cholera in very much favoured by excessive humidity.

TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 1932.

Intravenously has reduced the ease- mortality enormously,

Preventive Measures, Water Supply-Fortunately the water supply in Hongkong is whole- some. Elsewhere in which the supply is drawn from wells rivers it is exceedingly dangerous during these times. Whenever the water supply is suspicious, one re liable method is to add one dram of Potassium Permanganate to every gallon of water, and at the end of 24 hours it will be ready for use, the purple colour would have then disappeared. Certain people prefer using bleaching powder, and if the odour of chlorine in not objected to, it is also a good method of water disinfection.

COMPARING THE MERITS

HOOVER'S PLAN AND BRITAIN'S

London, June 28. Important developments In the Genera disarmament conference are believed to be Imminent. A special meeting of the British Cabinet, to attend which, three British delegnies had returned from Switzerland, was held last night, and it is understood it was called primarily to consider the dia. armantent policy in the light of the Hoover Scheme.

Special attention Is being puid here to the naval aspect of the is Hoover proposals, for it is felt that Quarantine Prevention.-It true that so far we have every con-in this field, Britain has already fidence in the purity of our water given an important lead, and has supply, but it does not imply that done most to contribute to further because of this, the danger of an discussions. The urgent need for epidemic will not arise. For in-substantial naval reductions is ful- stance it was estimated that in the ly recognised, but the opinion in British circles is Naples epidemic of 1911, 90% of authoritative

the American method of the eases were due to direct contact that with patients over

or with healthy achieving them would prove lesa carriers. Further believe that effective in results, and less ap with the exlating system of con-propriate to the present circum- servancy we should be extremely stances of different naval powers, cautious and vigilent.

than the plan favoured by the Bri- lis Government.

Earlier records alow that cholera in a disease of the remotes antiqui- ty in Bengal and has from time to time spread as an epidemic

the rest of Indin. In 1817 it begon to extend all over Asin.

shaped The vibrio is a comma microbe, and can only be detected by the microscope with a magnifien. tion of over 1,000 Limes. It thrives readily in a almost any food-stuff. The vibrio may survive as long as the 14 days in sea-water, hence danger of partially cooked fah, and although a few minutes of drying wk it outright, it may live for several weeka in moist linen. fand numerous in the

stools contents and

of ipetents.

Mode of Infection.

Quarantine, theoretically, is an efficient measure against the in- In regard to battleships for troduction of cholera into a com-example, it is urged that the re-

maximunt

gun munity; practically, so far it has duction of the proved a failure in other parts of calibre fixed at 10 inches by the the world. Unless quarantine re- London Treaty should be effected. gulations are applied in time, and fond accompanying it, there should most stringently enforced, such be reductions in the tonnage of the those units from 35,000 to 25,000 protection is valueless, It in

tons. vomited chulera

belern is essentially a wafer- borne disease. There is therefore The na danger of air infection. sources of infection are:

1 Water. Water is doubt- edly the source of infection in almost every epidemic. Food and fruit washed by In- fected water if uncooked in undoubtedly dangerous dur- ing such epidemics,

Cholera Carrier-Either because of high bodily re- sistence of the individual or having been very mildly in- fected, certain people do not develop the disease and may

apparently healthy, yet virulent vibrios are present in their stools. These per- Mons are known as carriers. Food may thus be infected by cooks ur attendents unaware, The

2111

duration of such In- fectivity is usually 1 or 2 weeks, seldom longer than two months. In convalescent patients the vibrio may be present in the stools for a few days and rarely longer than 3 weeks. (3) Flies,~I{ is BOW

established fact that lies do carry infection to exposed food and drinks. It was found that the house-fly har- bours the vibrio as long as 5 days. In a certain epidemie elsewhere one-half of the in- fected houses were found with flies infected.

The Incubation Period. The incubation period, that is, the period between the infection and the out-break of the disense. varies from a few hours to a few days, seldom more than a week.

The onset is abrupt, usually with- cessant. Very ROOR muscular out warning, commencing with severe purging, followed rapidly by vomiting which may become In- legs which may be agonizing. As cramps appear, especially in the

the result of the rapid loss of body fluid, thirst becomes extremo, while progressive exhaustion inevitably follows. The stools although at first are yellow, soon becomes white -thus the Bume "ricu-water | stools" WOR

the given. When purging is frequent, the stools are odourless. The temperature is generally under normal and the pulse becomes feeble. Although consciousness is retained at this stage, collapse may ensue at any moment. The patient may now gradually recover or pass on to the next serious stage, the stage of col- Japsé.

I do not propose to describe this stage or the final stage which is called the stage of reaction, as the above descriptions are sufficient for the public to recognize the onset of the discaso..

I will only add that during an epidemic all grades of severity occur auch. 118 the apparently healthy cholera carrier cases, or cases of cholerino, a mild type of the disenso with only elight symptoms. In certain epidemics i most. severe form appears called "cholera sicca," a dry form of the disease in which purging is strango-

ly absent and death is unusually rapid. I believe this type is not found in the present cases.

The average death-rate in cholera is about 50%. Some epidemies are more deadly than others. I belleve the case-morality in the present opidemic in far below the above figure. The disease, peculiarly, is always morò dendly in the earlier than the Inter stages of an opidemic, Modern treatment with Roger's hypertonte solution given

for

The Hoover plan also contem-

simple reason that if these men- sures are carried out half-hearted- ly, they may do more harm than plates the extent of submarines up good by creating a false sense ofte 1,200 tons, whereas in the Bri-

to the rich view, falling the security, and may lead

complete neglect of other efficient hygienic abolition if these vessels, they The isolation of the should be limited in size of 350 sick is always a necessity. Any tons, which it is believed, would be quarantine to be effective should adequate for defence purposes. include the examination and trent- ment of carrier cases,

meaauren.

When the appropriate necazion arises the British Government will Food and Fruit.--The sale of cold put forward its propels at food and drinks, and even cooked Geneva, which with the important food, in my opinion, should be contributions made by other pow- strictly controlled under Heence, era, will enable the Disarmament In this connexion I should like to [Conference to evolve a scheme for point out that the invariable reducing the burden of armaments. practice in eating houses of sprink-in much a way as will take into ne- iing chips of certain favouring raw count the varying responsibilities vegetable on the top of cooked of the different powers. dishes before being served should be abolished.

Personal Mensures,

الي

Discussions Resumed. Direct discussions between the Prench Premier M. Herriot, and the German Chancellor, Here Von All ancooked food and fruit | Papen, and their enlleagues, were should be carefully avoided. Fruit, resumed yesterday, and will be ᎥᏝ unripe

over-ripe, causes continued on Wednesday morning. gastrie irritation and upsets diges-A communique last night stated tion, and if washed in infected that at yesterday's meeting the water, it becomes at once infectious, German Minister of Finance ad- As ordinary freezing does not kill]vanced his reasons in favour of the cholera vibris, áll cold drinks cancellation, and also the first including milk and lee, aro dan-measures which Germany envisag- gerous. All eatables if imported led for the restoration of Europe. from infected areas should be Herr von Papen then commented thoroughly cooked or eschewed. on. and completed from a general During declared epidemic, water point of view, the explanations of used for the washing of dishes, Herr von Krosigk after which M. utensils and cutiery should be boil-Herriot made the reservations hé ed.

judged necessary.

ing.

It is anticipated thai the Krep the general health good and avoid fatigue. The digestive or French Finance Minister. M. Ger- jeans should be in the best of con-main-Martin, will give a full reply ditions avoid irritable and indigest-to the observations of the German ably food such as shell-fish, etc..lelegation at Wednesday's meet- and alcohol laken on un emply stomach. In short, any food which Toth Sir Johr Simon, Foreiza Is indigestable and which may Secretary, and Sir Herbert cause inflammation of the stomach Samuel, Home Secretary, who have or intestine or diarrhoen should be spent the week-und in London rigorously avoided, as it lowers the will return to Geneva to-day. vitality of the digestive organs and Sir Herbert Samuel, who was the general resistance of the in-originally appointed a delegate to dividual. For the same reason do the Lausanne Conference, will not take bowel-opening medicine take part in the Disarmament unless really necessary.

Conference at Geneva when All entables should be protected | resumes.-British Wirelena, against flies-do not forget, how- ever, the destruction of flies and their larva. Night-soil receptacles should be well covered with lid or a good layer of ash after use each time.

LAUSANNE PARLEY,

GERMANY'S REPLY SAID TO BE DISAPPOINTING.

Laugonne, June 28.

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As a medicinal preventive Tomb'a Mixture of essential oil is effective, It is taken in doses of one dram, If France really expected Ger- many to come, forward with con- once daily.

Inoculation with vaccine:-The crete proposals in the shape of a value of this fe now universally re-specific economic pecuniary contri- cognised. The vaccine is made bution, she must have been very from killed microbes and should be disappointed by the long 20-page constantly kept in lce. Three in-statement rend at the meeting of jections are required at the Interval the German and French delegates, of a week after each injection: which was merely a recapitulation There is hardly any suffering or of the cancellation of reparations

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July 16 Aug. 16

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