1932-03-01 — Page 2

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THE

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, MARCH 1, 1932.

THE LEAGUE OF

NATIONS.

VISION OF A PEACEFUL WORLD.

LOCAL LECTURE.

"I ask you to be bold enough to conceive a new world, a world in which there will be justice and peace. The struggle must not be to kill the weaker people, but must be to help them reach the sape plane as their more for- tunate brethren."

functioned for ten years, and one of the nine Permanent Judges at the present time was Dr. Wang, representative of China. Dr. Wang was previously a Deputy Judge, of whom there are four..

Article XV provides a third means of settling International disputes, which is far superior to the other

two methods. Legal means of settling disputes are not always best, for both sides must give away to a certain extent, therefore this article provides for Conciliation. Unfortunately, any proposal put forward by the Lou- gae Council' under this Article of the Covenant is not binding upon nny member, and for this reason, the League is not altogether to blame, for the present apparent Impasse. The Power who accepts the proposals put forward by the League Connell will be defended by the Council against the Power that refuses. China has accepted all; the League proposals, while Japan has refused any, except at own terms. For this reason the Japanese now cannot declare war on Chinn for three months after China accepted the proposals, and for of hin

period of nine months no At the commencement lecture, Mr. Lim traced the genesis

one power-cos declare war on an- of the League of Nations, which other power without causing

originally formed by Mr. breach of the Covenant. wan Woodrow Wilson, President of the Calted States, in 1919. It was 4 Inet to be deplored that the United States was not a member of the also that another League, and atrong nation. Soviet Russia, was outside. The fact that these two nations were not members of the Lengue has done more than any- thing to weaken its influence, he Raid.

These remarks were made by Mr. R. C. H. Lin, B.A.. LL.B.. in the course of a brilliant lecture on the League of Nations at the H.K. University Union Assembly Holl last night. The meeting, which filled the hal to overflowing, was presided over by the Presi- dent of the University Union. Mr. K. T. Loke, who introduced the speaker with a few well-chosen words.

Articlo X of the Covenant of the League guarantees to each country their existing boundary linen and also guarantees the ter- ritorial integrity of all nations. ons. It was, and to the mind of the speaker, still is, this Article that has kept the United States outside

the Lengue, for America cannot retain the Monroe doctrine and bu Inember of the League at the same time.

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Article XVI provider that if any member of the League resorts to war in disregard of the Covenant under Articles XI. XI | XV, they shall be

ipso facto, to have committed an act of war against the other members of the League, and in that case the membern of the League undertake to prohibit all trade commercial re- intions with the offending nation, na well as sever diplomatle rela tions.

supply you.

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on history, we find that all great wars have originated through dis- putes between two small states, disputes, which, if not quickly stopped, spread into a world-wide conflagration. The mere fact that Article XVI is included in the Covenant of the League has nino made small powers hesitate before committing overt acts.

"I ask you to be bold enough to conceive a new world, a world in which there will be justice and

peace.

Langue's Dilemma, Although we read that Russia is involved in a dispute with Japan; we cannot be sure of this, and if the League ware to enforce Article XVI, Russia may side with Japan, and then there would be two very powerful nations arrayed against the League. Russia cannot join the League until the Soviet pro- mines to respect all International treaties, Russin will not recognise with other trenties entered into powers prior to the 1917 revolu

The struggle must not be except those which are not Lion,

to kill the weaker people, but Interests, must be to help them reach the detrimental to her own to Russia is not a member of the same plane as their more fortun- te brethren. M you don't Article XXI in a bait to bring the struggle for peace, we will be liv- United States into the Lengue, for

ing to-morrow an we did before it provides that certain doctrinesie Great War. There is to-day should remain valid. This refers. under which America of course, to the Monroe Doctrine, prohibits any European power from Inter-i string with any dispute in North

or or South America, the United States claiming that right.

League Covenant. The Covenant of the League in the treaty, or agreement, which all members have signed, and they have bound themselves to the Art cles of the Lengue contained in the

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of 26 Articles, the first nine of which deal with the formation and of the League. the constitution The constitution provides for an assembly and also a council, and the latter has five pernianent muni- bera. They are the five powerful members of the Leagte, Great Britain, France, Italy, Ger- many nud Japan. There are also nie other non-permanent member of the Courvil, each of whom holde office for three year. In regard to this it was gratifying to know Bhat at the Inst Counell Ching was

For every person who has no faith in the Lengue, so is the Ten- gus weakened in proportion. Many people are saying that the League has failed China in her trouble elected a member. The Assembly League has only failed to the certain members are not extent that consists of three representatives behaving according to their obli from each of the fifty-three nations nations, for had they bozoured who are members of the League. their obligations, the League woul

Article VII! of the Covenant not have failed. The Longue is a dealt with disarmament. Underbody composed of fifty-three this article the members of the members. and if one

of those misbehave, then the Leagne, with the exception of Ger- members

mentality of fear and suspicion of others in the world-more pre- the doniinnut in the East than West and it is this fear that is driving us once again to the brink of war."

Remarkable Speech.

The keen interest taken in the lecture by the crowded audience was evinced by the number of questions asked the speaker. At the conclusion of the debate a somewhat remarkable speech was made by Dr. Thomas, a member of the faculty of the University, who maid that in his opinion the League

Nations, or any other-league, not succeed if Covenant XVI was to apply to weak nations and ranny and the other Central Pow-Leagae must fail. The League not to the more powerful oses.

"If that is the case," said Dr. ers, agreed, as soon as the effect cannot invoke Article XV against

it has Thomas, "then might is still right, strong Power because of the Great War had to a certain extent þera overcome, to devise nothing to back up its threat, and the stronger orgunisations We, ns Chinese, plans to mit and reduce atma- The League is not a Government must prevail. ments. We have the fruits of this or a police force, and for that rea- must struggle to exist, for only

China to Article at the present day in the son has not been able to put Ar- the fittest will survive. Disarmament Conference now. Ait-ticle XVI into force. There are day as a nation is weak, and we ting at Geneva.

two schools of thought in the have got to realise that Japan is League, one of which says that it is impossible to invoke Article XVI, while the other saya that it can be invoked. We rend in the South China Morning Post to-day

Article X guarantees the terri- torial, integrity of every member of the League, and under it the members undertook to respect and preserve against external aggres- sion all members of the Lengue.

Permanent Court.

Before the Sino-Japanese

dis-

hind it, it cannol win out.

I

mighty, first class. nation. Applying to the League of Nations is useless, for Japan must survive, and he cannot survive without Manchuria. What right have we

Chinese to claim another country's I don't see why we assistance? should. As Chineso we have got to face the fact that we are bo-

that the United States Senate E divided on the present altuntion. Everything depends on public npinion, and if the Lengue has not pute Article XI was looked upon ot unanimous public opinion behind the rest of the world, and the as the pillar of the League. Un-

weakest must go under. Japan is ider this Article, uny War, or any

only making an honest statement threat of war, would be. a viola-

Origin of Wara,

of fact when she anys that the tlon of the Covenant of the Lea- Continuing, the speaker ex- must have Manchuria, for her fue. Articles XII and XII mag-] pressed the opinion that when very existence depends upon it. west to the Council two means by dispute between two great powers. "Someone has got to give way, which International disputes could takes place. Article XVI was an- and we have yet to see if our sheer be settled apart from war, either enforceable. But it was enforceable force of numbers will defeat tho by arbitration or by judlelal set against weaker nations, and even mighty armaments of Japan. Let tlement by the Permanent Court of lately the mere threat of its in-us see what are the survival quali. International Justice at The Hague.vocation had prevented two minor ties. Brute force is surviving nt The Permanent Court для now European wara. If we look back (Continued on Page 11.)

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