1930-09-06 — Page 18

PAGE TWO

30,000 EARTHQUAKES YEARLY.

GREAT MAJORITY. ARE VERY SLIGHT.

BENEVENTO

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SEPTEMBER 6th, 1930.

NAPLES

MELFI

MAT VESUVIUS

WATER LINE

RIO NERO

SEA'S BOTTOM

EARTH SHRINKS AND CRUST FALLS, FORCING MASS UPWARD

MOLTEN INTERIOR

The cause of Italy's recent great earthquake is shown in this striking diagram which reveals how the restless under- ground forces of nature work in both kinds of subterranean dis- -turbances-volcanic and tectonic. In the volcanic kind, oc- curring in Italy because of the presence of Vesuvius and other volcanos, the disturbance is limited in area because the forces find an outlet through the volcano. The cause of this distur- bance is the same as that of the tectonic quake-shrinkage of the earth, shifting of the masses underground, and consequent pressure of these hot masses upward and out. But the tectonic quake has no easy outlet, like the volcanic, and therefore causes a much greater disturbance and over a wider aren when it does. force itself through. At right is Father F. L. 'Odenbach of

John Carrol University of Cleveland, one of America's greatest

seismologists,

REGION SHAKEN

Once every 17 minutes-which cause of a volcanic eruption and sands of persons. And yet, as an means 30,000 times in the course accompanying tremors of the earthquake, the disturbance was of a year-old Mother Earth earth. It was believed at one time mild, more or less local affair shakes or shudders and there is an that seepage of water into the in the molten interior created steam that earthquake somewhere world..

caused the periode; upheavals, Explosion of gases also is blamed for eruptions.

struments of

of the sea.

caused by pressure of gases with- in the volcano and was recorded only by nearby instruments. This is true of práctically all volcanic earthquakes.

Most of these seismic diatur. bances, of course, are slight; many of them are never noted ex- "But many now think the most

"The other kind of earthquake, cept on the delicate recording in- probable cause, is that the earth more powerful and far-reaching scientists; some shrinks, causing the crust to col in its vibrations, is called the tec- deal widespread death and de-lapse, and pressure of the crust tonic quake," the scientist said. struction, and others may occur on the molten, interior forces it "These are caused by slipping harmlessly for under the surface upward through the volcano's masses along regions of weakness. erater: This terrific churning be- sometimes called fractures in the For no man really stands on neath the surface causes the crustal rocks, and the break may "solid ground"; far below the sur-tremors and destruction.

be far below the surface. The face the restless forces of nature "Of course, Italy could be rock-most destructive quakes are tec- that brought, the planet into being ed by a tectonic quake, but most tonic. aeons ago are still at work. Oc- of its disturbances are of volcarie

North America Shaken. casionally, an extremely violent origin. After A volcano starts

"Such an earthquake was that shudder occurs beneath a densely erupting, its action causes fur-. populated community, as has just ther disturbance below the sur- of 1661, which violently shook much of North America. Old re. been the case in Italy, and then face."

cords tell us how forest trails were shifted so far that Indians lost their way. Mud owed in the St. Lawrence river and nauseating gases, evidently from far under- Kround, caused fish to leap from

we have a major disaster with History of volcanic eruption in widespread death und destruction. Italy begins with a vague record Two Kinds of Quakes. of one supposed to have occurred "There are two kinds of earth- some 1,500 years before the Chris quakes," according to Father F. L. tian era. Vesuvius, most cele Qdenbach of John Carroll Univer-brated of Italian volcanos, was sity, Cleveland, one of the world's milt up from the floor of the the murky river." most noted seismologists.

Mediterranean by prehistoric

Some quakes move Up and "These two types are volcanic eruptions as was the surrounding down. Others have a rolling mo- and tectonic," explains Fatherland. Its first outburst recorded; tion, while still others give a tre- Odenbach. "Those of volcanic in history was in 79 A. D., when mendous jerk. origin are limited in extent. Tec- the cities of Pompeii and Hercu- The horizontal movement along tonic earthquakes are caused by laneoum were destroyed.

the surface may be considerable. shrinkage of the earth with ac- -Whole Island Exploded.

A court auit once.resulted from an companying displacements of huge! "One of the greatest volcanic earthquake which shifted a fence masses."

outbursts in many years was the between two properties. Geologists, he says, once thought explosion of the volcanic island of The Charleston, S. C., disaster the centre of the earth was a fluidį Krakatao in the East Indies in in 1886 was of the rolling kind, mass. Now they believe that it is 1883," Father Odenbach said. So billowing along like an ocean of solid, though they admit that this completely did this eruption Blow solid interior may, under terrific up the island that it was com heat and pressure, become suffi-pletely submerged into the sea. ciently plastic to flow like wax. The island is now reported to be

Volcanos cause Italy's. re-appearing."

two feet

earth with the waves high from through to crest,

There are several regions where earthquakes are most likely to oc- cur. These include Japan "Italy's volcanos are responsible: This outburst is said to have Mexico, Asia Minor. Sicily, the for her many earthquakes," says lashed the ocean into waves 100. Aleutian Islands and the Pacific Father Odenbach. "Many theo- feet high, inundating neighbour ocean. In many Instances, vol- ries have been advanced for the ing coasts and drowning thou-canic proximity is responsible.

JUDGE AND COCKTAILS.

Mr. Justice Hill Professes Ignorance.

Because he declared himselflation, all inconsistent one with. virginal in his ignorance of cock-another and you get no principle) talls, Mr. Justice Hill of the jout of it."

English High Court of Justice Again, speaking on the same woke up the other morning and subject, he said: found himself famous in the head. "They started with an ecclesi lines on the front pages of all the astical garment and then by legis- London papers.

Intion in a wholly scrappy way it

For in the British metropolis, of was turned into a patch work. all the symptoms of so-called Some of the patches were big and Americanization, the growth of some small and they have all been- the cocktail habit has been the put in without any reference to most welcome to an army of people any consistent pattern."

He is notorious for his common who like their drink. As a matter

of fact, this applies to almost all sense. Counsel in a divorce caso of Europe. "Le cocktail" has was making much of the testimony made its way everywhere.

that a co-respondent was heard to

Never even saw One. None of this, however, for Mr. Justice Hill. He presides over the

call the wife of another man by en- [dearing terms.

"Oh, interrupted Justice Hill,;

Divorce, Probate and Admiralty "most people nowadays call one Division of the High Court and the

-ban day in a divorce case men-

on was made that the woman de.

ndant supplied beaucoup cock

to her men guests.

"I am ignorant about cocktails." said the judge. "I am' an old duffer and know nothing, about!". modern habits. Nobody has ever had a cocktail in my house and nobody ever will, and I never went to any place where people con- sumed cocktails." "

For years he has been known among lawyers for his obiter dicta, many of which are funny, even be- ing irreverent at the expense of the law makers in Parliament.

Not long ago he said:

"I know nothing about motor cars. My only acquaintance with. them is in dodging them when I am walking home or crossing the road."

In a fiercely contested suit about the meaning of a will, he paralyzed the legal fraternity by saying:

"Of all the foolish ways of wast-

the most of it."

of weeks."

"Hello, Joe. Look at me, Joe. Don't you think I am funny with this comical wig on my head?"

ing money, litigation in connexion another by their Christian names | with a wills the worst. The on their first introduction and pass lawyers all get the best of it and on to dear' generally in a couple He has never quite echoed the Soothed a Small Boy.... famous saying "The law is on' Not long ago a little six-year-old ass!" But he has come very near boy was a witness before him and to it. He is a strong advocate was very much terrified. But he that common sense should be was at once put at his ease when exercised in recasting the very the judge remarked: rigid divorce laws of Great Britain. Said he

"We must shuffle along, as it is the law. There are so many Joe giggled, agreed with the things in the divorce law that I judge and all was well. should like to see altered by Before his elevation to the Parliament, but I despair of Par- bench, Sir Maurice Hill, having liament ever doing anything. The graduated from Oxford and been administration of justice is ex-called to the bar by the Inner ceedingly difficult, owing to the Temple, had secured a very large state of the law, not only in this commercial practice. During the At war, he presided over the Ship respect, but in many others. present there is a bundle of de- Licensing Committee for the Board tached rules and scraps of legis- of Trade.

PICTORIAL SUPPLEMENT

Always up to

FORM

То be always in form" is more than a matter of muscular energy. The greater need is nervous vitality. Nourishment is the only source both of muscular energy and nervous vitality. When you are "out of form" the cause is due to failure to supply your body and nerves with sufficient. 'nourishment.

Your daily dietary does not: supply sufficient for your ordi- nary needs much less to create a reserve of vitality upon which you can call at times of special effort.

Make Ovaltine" your daily beverage, for it supplies, in an easily digested from, just those vitalizing and building up foods essentials which give strength and vitality. The constituents of "Ovaltine"-malt, milk and eggs- explain its wonderful properties. These best of Nature's Tonic Foods are especially rich in the important food elements which create energy and nervous vitality. You will always be "up to form" if you make "Ovaltine" your daily beverage.

OVALTINE

TONIC FOOD BEVERAGE

Builds-up Brain. Nerve and Body

R.100 OVER LIVERPOOL ON CANADA TRIP.

(A. M. 3)

AT HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA.

に

The Royal Henley Regatta vas favoured with fine weather, and many interesting races were seen by a large crowd of people. Our picture illustrates the gay scene at the finishing post at Henley.. Eton College are, seen beating Bedford School by half a length after a hard rage in the Ladies' Chal- lenge Plate. There were 20 entries for the Plate, the same number as last year. (Times copyright).

Our picture shows the R.100 passing over Liverpool on her way to Canada under the command of Squadron-Leader H. S. Booth. Her arrival at St. Hubert, Montreal, the Canadian air-port was delayed for some hours owing to trouble with the fabric on one of the fine, but temporary repairs, were effected after speed had been reduced. (Times copyright)