1930-06-24 — Page 2

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On the VERANDAH every Saturday from 12 noon to 1.30 p.m. and every Tuesday, Thurs- day and Saturday from 7.80 to

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPF

THE FUTURE OF INDIA.

SIMON COMMISSION MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS.

London, June 23.

TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1930.

RED DEMONSTRATION

IN QUEEN'S ROAD.

CROWD GATHERS NEAR THE CENTRAL MARKET.

A

A Communist demonstration on minor scale was staged in

UNANIMOUS REPORT. Queen's Road Central yesterday, but fortunately the arrival of the Police or the scene prevented ang thing of a more elaborate nature than the waving of flags and the distribution of a small quantity of "Red" literature.

The second volume of the Simon Commission's Report has now been issued. It comprises the un- animous recommendations.

The Report says that the It would seem that just about ultimate Constitution must be a the tiffin interval yesterday a Federal one. As regards the units large number of Chinese, appro of federation of British India, the ximately 80 or 40, gathered out, present Provinces are in no way side the Central Market in Queen's ideal areas for self-government. Road, and someone began to dis The Government of India should tributo pamphleta.which were of appoint a Boundaries Commission a Communistic nature, while cer to adjust the provincial boundaries.tain members of the assembly, it Thore should be a maximum of is alleged, waved red flags and provincial autonomy, involving the carried out a mild demonstration. abolition of the dyarchy (the system of dividing the administration be tween local and central govern menta). "Each province should be mistress in its own house."

Burma Excluded. Burma should be definitely ex- cluded from the new polity, and have its own Governor, not sub- ordinate to the Viceroy. The point at which Indian and Burman affaira might be co-ordinated should be London, not Delhi."

The Provincial Legislatures should be increased in size, and be based on the enfranchisement of ten per cent. of the total population, which would be, treble the present electorate. It proposes a "sub- stantial increase" in women votes.

The Provinces should be ad- ministered by a Provincial Cabinet chosen by the Governor, who would have over-riding powers for certain defined purposes.

A Federal Assembly. The Legislative Assembly should be reconstituted as a new central organ, entitled the "Federal A sembly," composed of members mainly chosen by the Provincial Councils by a method of pro- portional representation. The Council of State is to be retained as heretofore.

The existing legislative and financial powers of the two central chambers should remain as at pre- sent, but the Federal Assembly will vote certain indirect taxes to be collected by a central agency.

Governor General's Powers The central executive should be the Governor General in Council, and the Governor General, not the Secretary of State, should appoint Councillors, "The Governor Gen- eral must continue not only to be the representative of the King Emperor in all formal ceremonial matters, but the actual head and active head of the Government."

The British Parliament should still be responsible for future de- cisions. "It is impossible to pro- vide at this stage as much lati- tude. for the change in the central sphere as in the provincial con- stitution."

The Executive Council cannot be "responsible" to the Indian Legislature in the same sense as the British Cabinet is responsible to the British Parliament. "Until Provinces establish them- selves as self-governing units, the ultimate form of the Central Gov ernment cannot be fully determin- ed."

the

Fortunately, Police officers on duty in the vicinity arrived on the scene in time to prevent the gathering from getting unruly. Immediately on seeing the Police, the crowd began to disperse. Discarded literature and banners officers, were picked up by the who, however, were unable to secure sufficient evidence against, the demonstrators; but they ar- rested one man who was detained for enquiries. The others were quietly dispersed by the officers.

of the North-West frontier will become an Imperial function, and "a matter of aupreme concern, to the whole Empire."

It alludes to the equally grave dangers of internal disturbances, involving not only the problem of préservation of law and order.

a con-

Eficient Administration. "The life of millions in India depends literally on the existence of a thoroughly efficient adminis- trative machine," therefore while prepared to recommend siderable advance towards self- government, the Commissioners emphasise "there must be a power able to step in and save the situa tion." The Governor General and Governors must be armed with full and ample powers, and an impar- tial power must for the present maintained to protect the be minorities...

and

The Indian Civil Service Indian Police Service must con- tinue to be recruited as All-India services, by the Secretary of State.

The High Courts should be centralised.

Finally, as a beginning in the direction of an All-Indian federa- tion, the Report proposes the crea- tion of a "Council for Greater India," for organised consultation between British India and the States.

Gulding Principles,

The Commissioners explain that the they have been guided by following principles:

Firstly, the new Constitution should contain within itself а provision for its own development. Where further legislation is re- quired, it should result from the needs of the time, not from the arbitrary demand of a fixed time. table."

Secondly, constitutional changes should be concerned with future development, when all of India, not merely British India, will take her place in the Empire..

"The new Constitution should provide an open door whereby, when it seems good to them, the ruling Princes may enter on reasonable and just terms."

Defence Essentials. "Throughout the period that India is on the road to complete self-government", the report em phasises, "the gateway of the north-west should be safely held. The Army in India must be strong Thirdly, the "fundamentals of enough for the task. We hold that government" must be safeguarded. for many years the presence of The Commissioners, alluding to the British troops and British officers Governors of the Provinces say that serving in Indian regiments will the essence of their plan "will be essential."

afford Indians an opportunity of Regarding the constitutional judging, by experiment in the pro- problem of India's defence, the Re-vincial sphere, how far the British port proposes that the Governor- system of parliamentary govern- General, advised by the Comment is fitted to their needs, and the mander in Chief, as representing natural genius of the people. It the Imperial authorities, should be must be realised that the change in-. responsible, instead of the Govern- volved is very great and far reach-" ment of India, and thus the defence ing."-Reuter.

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