1930-06-19 — Page 2

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1930.

WEATHER FEATURES

IN 1929.

OBSERVATORY REPORT FOR

LAST YEAR.

WATER SUPPLY

PROBLEM.

GENERAL METERAGE

CONSIDERED.

LIGHTER SUNK IN THE HARBOUR.

COLLISION WITH A FOREIGN MAN-OF-WAR.

A

The master of the lighter, who made the report, states that he was proceeding towards the Yau-: mati typhoon basin shortly after

The annual report of the At to-day's meeting of the A report was received at the Director of the Royal Observatory | Legislative Council there will be Water Police Station last night; contains a large amount of very in- laid on the table 4 Sessional that a lighter was, aunk in a teresting climatological and me- Paper dealing with the price collision with a foreign man-of- tooralogical information. Among charged for water in the Colony, war. the items of spécial interest is men- and containing information col- tion of the three principal features lected from Bangkok Colombo, of the weather In the Colony in Manila, Saigon, Shanghai and 1929. These were: a severe typ Singapore in the matter of the Hoon on August 22, which passed charges made for water and the between Hongkong and Gap Bock steps taken to check wastage of on a WNW track, and among other water. damage destroyed the tubular steel storm signal mast on Kowloon Signal Hill, since replaced by & lattice steel mast. The second was the continuation of the serious shortage of rain which began in July 1928 until the middle of June 1929, and third the temperature of the air was considerably above normal in January and moderately above from March to June.

The Rainfall.

The total rainfall for the year was 69:82 inches as against 71.16 inches in 1923 and 85.380 ins. for the past 46 years. A water famine resulted from a serious shortage of rain from the middle of July 1928 to the middle of June 1929, when only 27 inches of rain fell against an average of 71 inches. Disaster was averted by a rainfall of 3.8 inches between June 14 and 25, 1929, followed by frequent heavy rain in July, to the extent of 22.7 inches, and in August to the extent of 20 inches. The greatest fall in one civil day was 7.155 inches on August 16 as against 4.100 inches in 1928 and 21.025 inches for the past 46 years. The greatest fall in one hour was 2.730 inches between 3h. and 4h. a.m. on August 16, as against 1.700 inch, in 1928 and 3.065 inches for the past 46 years.

Weather Forecasts.

was по

o'clock last evening, when 11 foreign war vessel, which he be- lieves was a Portuguese, ́gun- boat, ran into his craft and caused a breach in its side.

the

It is pointed out that, in addressing the Legislative Council on September 23rd, last, His

Heavily laden with a cargo of Excellency the Governor (Sir rice and firewood, the lighter im- Cell Clementi) said: "I am inmediately sank, throwing formed that the price of water in crew into the water. They were the this Colony is cheap by compari-rescued by other craft in

with prices charged else vicinity.

of The master the lighter where. I am collecting data on this subject and w place the assesses his loss through the statistica, when procured, before wrecking of the vessel at $800, this Council."

The information now published, with a covering Minute by Mr. R. M. Henderson, of the Public Works Department, is required primarily in connexion with cer tain proposals for General Meterage in Hongkong which are

short now under consideration, but is published. together with account of the existing Hongkong system, in accordance with the undertaking given by Sir Cecil.

Mr. Henderson's Resume.

rendered monthly and small ac counts quarterly.

In Singapore all consumers must keep a credit balance on deposit with the Municipality and this method is also operated in

plies. Shanghai but only for small sup-

In Bangkok, Colombo, Manila and Saigon no deposit is required. Waste detection and prevention in all cases more or less follow the orthodox practice of Deacon The following is Mr. Hender-Waste Water Meters and periodic son's resume of the information inspection of plant by Inspectors. regarding the waterworks of the General Meterage is mentioned as one of the of Bangkok, Colombo, being considered Cities

prevention de- Manila. Saigon. Shanghai and Sreatest waste

vices. Singapore which has been

On the whole the information ceived in reply to the letters of received while interesting has enquiry despatched last year:

added little to the data already available and of the systems out- lined that of Singapore would appear to be the nearest to our

re-

"It is impossible to tabulate this information owing to its diversity, so I have arranged it very shortly under general head-requirements. Ings.

It is also interesting to note that the Observatory records show that of the total weather forecasts

With the exception of Bangkok broadcast during the year 70 were a total success, 28 a partial suc- With one exception, Shanghai, and Saigon all the above cities: cess and two a partial failure. all the Systems under review are appear to split up supplies into case of a total directly controlled by Government too many categories though local conditions may make this neces- Municipal Authorities and, failure. The forecast comprises or

sary. In the case of Hongkong wind direction, wind force, and without exception, give a

this would not appear necessary tinuous supply throughout the Complete success means correct in three ele- twenty-four hours inside houses. desirable and it would be bet ments, partial success correct in The only restriction admitted ister in my opinion to group sup- only two elements and partial fal- by means of a reduction in pres-plies under as few headings a

possible" lure means correct in only one ele ment. Total failure means correct, in no element.

weather.

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The Time Ball was dropped suc- cessfully 658 times during the year, there being only two failures. These were due to electrical defects in the connexions within the Obser- vatory. The error of the time ball! due to accumulated error of the standard clock never exceeded 0.3 second throughout the year.

Miscellaneous.

Two hundred and fifty-two earthquakes were registered by the Observatory's seismograph during the year as compared with 183 in 1928.

Eighty-two balloon ascents were made during the year, 6 of which were observed with a second theodo- lite, 6,460 feet to the north of the Observatory. Four temperature flights were made by Officers of the R.A.F. from the Kai. Tak base.

The water shortage having be- come very serious, on June 18, | R.A.F planes from the R.A.F. base, Kai Tak, dropped 64 cwt. of powdered kaolin on cumulus cloud, with a view to producing rain.

The experiments were suggested by a Hongkong resident and were sanctioned by the Naval authorities at the request of the Hongkong Government, not with any hope of producing rain, but to satisfy the public. The result of the experi- ments was as anticipated.

Towards the close of the year, the rattan symbols of the Hong- kong Local Storm Signal Code were replaced by others of expanded metal on steel frames, which, though of different design, have the same appearance as the old symbols, at, a distance.

con-

aures, a method which can only be adopted by cities having alter- native supplies,

one,

It would appear that with the exception of Colombo, all Au- General Meterage while thorities are moving towards Singapore, has already reached that position and three others, Manila, Saigon and Bangkok are already very largely metered.

Each city has its own problem to solve and the Rates and. Charges vary vefy greatly ac- cordingly. Thus in Shanghai and Bangkok where the supply, is taken frora large rivers and is therefore more or less unlimited the metered rates are designed to encourage consumption there-be- ing a fall in price with a rise in the contrary consumption. On Singapore, which is supplied front costly Reservoirs, has made the: rates for large consumers high to encourage economy.

The charge for water in Colombo is almost entirely in- cluded in the rates, but trade supplies. are metered and many additional charges, such as for motor cars, are levied.

The charges in Shanghai for domestic supplies are largely based on Assessment, being un- metered, but trade supplies are metered and are charged for at unit rates.

The charges in Bangkok, Manila, Saigon and Singapore are almost all by unit as these cities are very largely metered.

In Colombo, Manila and Saigon accounts are rendered quarterly, but in Shanghai and Singapore accounts are rendered monthly. In Bangkok large accounts are

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