1929-11-07 — Page 2

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. "THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1929.

DREAMS.

SUBJECT ANALYSED BY DR. CANNON.

A WONDERFUL STUDY,

The following is the text of an address on "Dreams and Their Interpretation," broadcast by Dr. Alexander Cannon, M.D., Medical Officer in Charge of H.M. Prisons and Victoria Mortuary, Hongkong, from the Hongkong Broadcasting Stuitio last night:

more

ATE

BROADCAST TALKshould stand for the same thing On looking a little further at the for everybody. When one removes apparently insignificant details of one's hat when pussing a lady, one the cartoon, however, we find that assumes that she has been trained, the council tant is ornamented on as the rest of us have, to regard the outside by pictures of an eagle "that strange and irrational act as in a certain attitude, and à dove à symbolic one representing ideas with a leaf in its mouth, also that of courtesy and respect. Had she the label of the tobacco tin din. not been trained she would regard erites. It as the "All-round Navy the proceeding 48 distinctly Cat, and that the trademark con- eccentric, much as we would reels of the two globes or spheroc gard the action-of any one who "united by a connecting band. In we realise proceeded to take off his boots he studying the cartoon 'ore entering a place of worship that it is upon these details that an action which would be con-its menning depends. The fact sidered perfectly right and proper that the President is in a costume in India. Symbols mean nothing, and situation quite inconsistent and, in fact, cease to be regarded with reality does not distress us, as symbols until one knows the although it is, to the superficial key. The same symbol, however, glance by far the most striking. may convey utterly different mean- part of the picture, and at once To-day we come to the study of Ings to different people, or even proceed to consider what the the one of the most fascinating sub the same person at different times symbolic meaning. If any,

above details may have. The dove jects which has ever been penned and in different, environments. "Dreams and their Interpretation."

In everyday life, this aymbolis with the leaf in its mouth instant John Bunyan was a dreamer, and ing process has limite in sanely and inevitably suggests the idea out of his dreams has been inter- people. The less normal he is, the of Peace. The posturing eagle at proted the immortal "Pilgrim's

will utterly strange and once suggests the idea of America, Progress: "I awoke," says Buu- foreign matters tend to reach con- and the legend on the label, "All-

Cut," becomes yan, "and behold, it was a dream."sciousness in this way, but so long round Navy

obvious Double Entendre which Many kings have been great as he retains a reasonable grip on dreamers, and dreams have unreality the, process is limited. has a meaning far removed from consciously been responsible for When does the normal person lose tobacco. Returning now to the some of the greatest things the grip on reality? Obviously when central figure, with these other World has ever known. Legends he is asleep. If, therefore, the symbols interpreted, it is a natural and fairy tales have been traced duel between represented complex consequence that the picture of an back to dreams which reveal the and repressing force continues Initian brave filling a large pipe state of the unconscious mind, during sleep, which happens to be of peculiar appearance should sug

The which without our knowledge or the case, surely sleep would be an gest the "pipe of ponce."

idea of the cartoon, then as dis consent is influencing our whole ideal time for a complex to make outlook on daily life.

a special effort to express itself, tinguished' from its superficial ap- Material which has been re- for the good reason that conscious-pearance has to do with America, pressed by an individual spends its

ness is now so dim, so vague, so with a conclave or council of some energy in attempting to manifest deprived of its highest functions, kind, with peace, and with an all- itself in his consciousness in some such as those of criticism and round naval "cut" or diminution. form which he will not recognise, judgment, that it will accept At this stage our ordinary know- it clear and will therefore tolerate. The almost anything which can evade ledge of affairs makes devices by which i: muy he sail the still active censure, no matter that the cartoon is concerned with to hoodwink the repressing power how absurd, grotesque, and the Washington Conferencer "This or "censure" of the individual opposed to reality its disguise, illustration shows us the extra- are almost incredibly ingenious.

may be. Such a special effort is ordinary importance of apparently Even in the everyday life of made, and the result is a Dream. minor details, the frequent com

parative insignificance of what normal persons diefightful In-A dream is a symbolie picture of stances are constantly to be met the realisation of an unconscious may seem to be the striking points in the picture, and the fact that. with in which the unconscious wish it represents the free ex-

from detal to instinctive ten- as one proceeds scores off the conscious mind, with pression of an all the odds against it; and it has lency which has been subjected to detail, the significance of the been said that all slips of the repression. It represents it in apoints which were at first obscure tongue and pen, and even most disgulsed and symbolised form often become suddenly apparent. trivial unusual actions and because repression has to be The Illustration may also be used to bring out the second of the eccentricities, are instances of circumvented and sleep has to be

preserved. The repression will golden rules mentioned, namely, to pass nothing which the dreamer remember always the difference in its trua between objective reality and

A would recognise

Red colours, and which would startle psychological reality. him into wakefulness. It is Indian is an essential part of the obvious, too, that a symbolised cartoon, but had one had this and pletured presentation of the picture described to one idea is demanded by the circunt dream, and assumed that the stances of the case. The intellec- rentral figure must represent a A dream is nil. "real" man, and that the dream tual clement in There are no normal values, com- was about "a Red Indian," oze] parisons, alternatives, which can might have spent a very long time considered: in an unsuccessful attempt to estimated and be

no "ifs," "bats," elucidate the dream by inviting there are "althoughs," "eithers," "ors," in the dreamer to recall a Red Indian a dream. The whole thing of his acquaintance. bound to be dramatised; picture writing pure and simple.

this.

We now approach the wonderful study of Dreams, and in passing consider the strongest and cer- tainly the most fascinating card that the repressed material has to play in its effort to manifest itself, namely that of Symbolism. The whole question of symbolism is one of great complexity, into which it will not be necessary in my discourse to go into completely. It has often been pointed out that it is characteristic of the average human mind to think and speak in pictures and symbols rather than in actual thoughts and groups of ideas which these symbols represent. Words them- selves are, in one sense, nothing hut symbols, and a moment's re- flection will show what an

Analysis of Dreams. One must begin to attempt to analyse his own dreams and those of enormous cart of our speaking others. The subject is aa difficult and thinking is carried out purely as it is fascinating, but it should

48 4

"

The Unconscious Mind, The dream may be regarded as having a framework on which it moulds itself into the shape in which the dreamer: experiences and relates it. The framework is the "manifest content," and it is

by the use of symbols. We meet be noted that, especially after the central idea which is called it "latent content." and the latter an officer in uniform, and have

is the idea. tendency, or wish conveyed to us the ideas that he iscrtain amount of dility and ex- perience have been gained; it is a captain and that he is also unwise to analyse the dreams of which the dreamer's unconscious doctor, and that he has served four years on active service, and one's friends unless the matter is mind is striving to express.

fully understood to be one of Now, and then. when the in- that he was singled out for special thorough gelentific

ΠΙ medical citement of the wish happens to recognition and awarded a docora treatment. There are two golden arise during sleep, there may he tion known as the Victoria Cross. rules which will greatly assist very little distortion. A man who We come by all this information, not because he carries a placard you, if they are constantly kept in has eaten a 'supper of sardines, facts, but be mind. The first is to remember alt herring or something of the announcing these

that the dream is an idea expressed kind, dreams that he is at a soda fountain, drinking draught after draught of thirst-quenching fluid Finally he awakes to find that he is very thirsty. The two main fuar- tions of a dream are here beautifully illustrated and com- bined. The wish is gratified and sleep is preserved until the organic sensation becomes too strong,

cause he carries A few pence in a picture. Take pencil and worth of metal and ribbons ar-

paper, and endeavour by a draw- ranged in certain ways; things in- trinsically worthless, which haveing, or a series of drawings, to express some given idea, and you ideas attached to them.-in other

will realise something of the words symbols. We speak of fighting for the flag, and it need imitations and difficulties which It involves. The nearest ap- hardly be pointed out that no saue

proach to it is the cartoon. Take man would shed his blood for a piece of coloured cloth, unless it were the accepted representative in his mind of ideas for which he was prepared to die. Many of the things we prize most dearly have their worth, not in themselves, but

example from Punch The President of the United States in depicted as an Indian brave sit- ting outside the council tent and filling a large pipe from a tin of tobacco. At the first glance auch a picture would seem to many to in the Ideas for which they stand.be quite meaningless, and even A rose is the concrete representa- grotesque. The President of the tion of enough sentiment to cover United States is not an Indian the earth; a plain gold ring, and a brave, and may very possibly he plain wooden cross stand for ideas

A nonsmoker. Such commente which volumes cannot fully

are precisely parallel to those one express."

frequently hears made by persons who can "sce no sense in their dreams." They never had A costume of the kind the dream depicts; they could not possibly loap through, windows, or full down precipices in-the way their it'dream makes them do, and so ou.

Symbolic Acts.

In the using of symbols, and the performing of symbolic acts, it is essential that all the parties con- cerned should know what the symbola stand for, and that

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Finally, we come to the study of Dream Analysis. We have already seen that the dream consists of a manifest and a latent content. and that the former is a distorted and symbolised expression of the latter, which is an unconscious (Contiuned on Page 13.)

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