1929-02-23 — Page 19

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MOTORING SUPPLEMENT.

LUBRICATING MOTOR ENGINES.

BY LEWIS A. PARKEN, M.I. MECH.E., M. I. MAR. K.

Being the report of a recent lecturs given at the Institute

of Engineers and Shipbuilders at Hongkong.

(PART THREE)

increases as the diameter. If you or spray, which is caused by talce cylinders of diameter, 1" and Mechanical Atomization-dil fore- 2" respectively, the volume is ased under pressure through Ano 1:4, but the cooling surface is only clearances. Such a system will as 1:2, so that less heat is thrown atomizo any lubricant from light off and the operating temperature to very heavy and since the spray will be higher.

Ja thrown off, for the greater part, from the whirling connecting rod, we obtain an even distribution.

Then there is the two stroke cyclo engine, whore, for the same speed, there are twice the number of power strokes than in the four stroke engine.

In circulation, the same oil in passed continuously "through the system. There is here a tendency Engines differ very much from for the oil to become diluted by the temperature stand-point, and unvaporized fuel; to become con- in order that the right oil 30taminated with dust, particles of selected each engine should be worn metal, carbon. Between one carefully analyzed. If the com-filling of the reservoir and the bination of these factors indicate next, the oil doesn't have much high operating temperatures, a Grade.--11 is not possible to peratures during combustion up heavy body lubricant is desirable, chance to recuperate the ten- have one grade of oil which will to 3,000 F. unless the tempera-If, however, only moderate tem-dency is towards contamination. give equal satisfaction in all types ture was reduced, the material of equipment. It would be a great would be destroyed, but dong be-peratures are indicated, oils of The correct oil for such a system convenience if it were, and I can fore the metal would be affected greater fluidity will provide ad- therefore should be of high asdro you that if such were the the lubricating oil flm would have equate fabrication.

Oil Distribution-Now we come ease, it would mean very great been burned up and operation to our second factor, which is oil economies to the manufacturers. Impossible.

oils Lubricating distribution. "There are many factors of So we can say that the most im- engine design, construction and portant purpose of cooling in to vary widely in fluidity. Some bperation which affect the selec lower the temperature of the in-flow freely in cold weather, others tion of the correct grade for any jngr surface of the eylinder wall

Olla of light body are easily into the extent that the maintenance particular unit. In many stances the exact influence of of the lubricating oil film istomized to form a fine miste regularly supplied to the crank

heavy bodied oila resist this pro- home one or several of these possible. features can be determined only The valve arrangement also in-sens which is essential in some.

lubrication systems. Ex-uences temperatures; by extensive test work.

Whatever oil is used, it must perience has shown, however, that rangement of the valvas which be of such a body that the lubrica- there are four fundamental limits their size or effective area tion system employed will dis-in the lubrication systems, but factors which must be considered tends to keep the heat within the tribute it to all the moving sur- there are also other factors which In analyzing the lubricating re-cylinder and increase tempera-faces under the most severo con influence the distribution." quirements of any engine, and tures,

these factors ́Bre

follows:-

(1) Operating temperatures. (2) Oll distribution.

(3). Piston ring seal.

(4) Carbon sensitiveness. The chief factor affecting the engine temperature is the service which it performs. The heavier And yiore constant the load, the more fuel will be burnt, and con-

i

any ar-

will not.

ditions-when the oil is

cold.

quality with good "staying" powers, so that when it has he- come contaminated to the average degree expected in service, it will still possess sufficient lubricating tection to the moving parts. quality to provide adequate pro- In the splash system, fresh oil case to make up for loss-there is no tendency hero toward con- tamination, so light bodied oils give satisfaction in this type.

Those are the major differences

There is the pump and ita To get rid of the host in a pop- Consequently the lubrication location. If it is placed below.the system must be carefully con-oll level it will clrculate a sidered and analyzed before heavy bodied lubricant in cold selection can be made.

weather. On the other hand, if it The lubrication systems, Inis situated above the oil level, an general, show two fundamental oil; fluid at low temperatures, will differences which influence dis-be necessary. tribution.

Then there is the design of the all screen, which la employed to prevent foreign matter passing into the pump. If it is of fine mesh and small arca, only a very fluid oll will be drawn through, All these factors have to taken into consideration before selecting an oil.

The heat

(To Be Continued.) -

WOMAN'S FEAT.

In splash systems, dependence is placed, for creating an oil mist, on the atomizing action of the connecting rod dipper, and in this case the mist is not distributed uniformly throughout the crank Antwerp to Athens.

be

ак classified

pet valve engine it has to pass through the oil film and through the cylinder wall to the cooling water. The oil film interposTA some resistance to the free pla age of heat. The temperature of the piston skirt is considerably higher than, the cylinder wall

Systems in which the oil is dis- temperature, the difference being tribuled by splash caused by the caused by the resistance to the dipping of the connecting rods, sequently the engine temperature flow of heat by the film of oil. in contrast to systems in which will be higher. For example, the In the ease of the sleeve valvej air-craft engine running con-engine, as you see, we must trans-pressure, unassisted by splash, is

employed. tinuously with full throttle, means fer this heat through one film, "Also systems in which the oil is high temperature. A tractor through the first sleeve--through used over and over again, (termed working at full load, and slow the second of film, through the circulation), in contrast to that speed, means high temperature, second sleeve-through the third The usual motor car engine is oil film, through the cylinder wall system where fresh oil only is fed

(termed the all-loss system). rarely operated at full bad for to the cooling water. Any considerable period; when, has a longer path to travel in this however, it does. It moves at high type of engine than in the porpet speed where it gets ample cooling valve type. It has three times as drought; it la subjected to fro-many obstacles. Consequently quent slowing down-which is with sleeve valve engines, higher comparatively light service result- operating temperatures are on-

case. So, in order to facilitate ing the moderate temperature. countered.

distribution in this case, light There are also other factors There is another design which boded oila are desirable as they SUCCESSFUL TRIP. which affect the operating tom influences the operating tempera-atomize easily. peraturo. Engines which are air tures, and that is the size of the

Although motor: touring In In pressure systems, the oil is cooled tend to reach a higher cylinder. In large diameter maximum temperature thai water cylinders we have less cooling aur forced by a pump into the crank Europe now attracts a large num- shaft, connecting rod bearings, ber of motorists each year, very cooled units; for instance, at low face for the same weight of fuel very often through drilled pass few drivers undertake such a speeds they get less cooling burnt, because the volume. In-ng to the crosshead, or piston, strenuous journey as that recent- creases as the diameter squared, pins, and passes out through they carried out by an English- Why cool cylinders? With tem- wherena the cooling surface only bearing clearances in a fine mist woman who drove from Antwerp through Central-Europe to Athens. Although road conditions 'in most parts of France and Ger many are reasonably good, the rouds In the Central European States are, with few exceptions, atrociously bad. Through Jugo- Slavia and Bulgaria the surfaces rere in such a atato that few other ears were met. Dospita these conditions the driver managed to get through without any difficulty, though several very exciting experiences relieved the journey of any suspicion of monotony. In Greece a party of bandits had prepared an ambush on one of the roads along which this lady driver and her party were travelling. Fortunately, a timely warning" enabled them to escape though only by hard driv- ing.

draught.

The public decrees CHRYSLER the

new car vogue.

Here are but a few of the epoch- making features Chrysler engineering has originated, pio- neercil or developed to highest efficiency during the part five years:

"Silver-Dome" high-compres sion engine, using any petrol. Seven-bearing counterweighted crankshaft.

Exclusive type of high-turbu- lence combustion chamber. Isotherm invar-strut pistons, with tongue and groove rings. Air cleaner and oll filter. Electric Fümer for easy start. ing in cold weather,

Manifold Heat Control, for elimination of “spitting" and "sputtering."

Body and crankshaft Impulse neutralisers.

Hydraulic shock absorbers, for supreme ease of riding,

Light-action internal-expand- ing hydraulic four-wheel brakes with squeakless mould. ed brake lining. Balanced road wheels. Ornamental,indirectly-lighted instrument panel for conve 1lence in driving. Saddle-spring seat cushions. And a host of others.

• Note the new graceful cup, slenderprakis chromium-plated radiator, bead-shape

Lampe and "ulewicz" mud gwenda

For twenty years Zasgners have frottel see the clumatuena of radiatora. Until Chrysler showed the say!

Ne step and curve of the rear deck of moodates and compe laadiațiactivefcatura of the new Chryster lady style.

1:

Chrysler "archadatndow" dlhosrste for closed modelu zlect a particulariy pleasing sizat inside and outside the car.

IT IS EASY to understand

why, more than ever before in Chrysler's phenomenal career, the public is today Chrysler-wild and why even Chrysler's largest production is now just beginning to mest the demand.

In the new Chrysler "75" and "65" an enthusiastic public recognises a new style that re- styles all motor care-a finer' performance than anything that has gone before-a greater value than such prices can buy anywhere else.

Chrysler's superior engineer ing skill and finer precision craftsmanship,againandagain. have literally obsoleted other types of cars.

The constantly increasing Chrysler public, with its high enthusiasm for Chrysler zest and dash, distinction and lux- ury, safety and long life, makes It easy for you to decide to become a Chrysler owner. All Chrysler dealers welcome the opportunity of putting any Chrysler model to a test of your own selection,

CHRYSLER

SOLE AGENTS

The Republic Motor Co. of China.

(Successes A. LUNG & Co. Auto Department.)

30, 32 Des Vœux Road.

In Athens, this lady's perform- ance was considered to be so meritorious that the Athons Auto- mobile Club prosented her with a diploma

A momento of the very fine performance she had made,

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MORRIS MOTORS (1926) LTD., COWLEY, OXFORD, ENGLAND

THE HONG KONG HOTEL GARAGE

Tel. Central 4769. ↑

* 25 Queen's Road Central