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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

THE CRISIS IN SCIENCE.

SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1928.

Steamer For

periods of revolution, which are THE PENINSULAR'&'ORIENTAL sintilar to the periods of many STEAM NAVIGATION CO. known forms or of radiation. So far, so good. But complications arise when we heat, a substance TWO SYSTEMS IN CONFLICT. it glows, or bombard it with X-rays or high-speed electrons, or those curious truncated atoms called Alpha particles, the chiof ANALYSE THE ATOM? weapon of the New Alchemy.

STRAITS, COLOMBO, AUSTRALIA, BOMBAY, EGYPT, MEDITERRANEAN PORTS and LONDON:

For all these processon Involve Through Bills of Lading Issued 'a transfer of energy, in the form For BATAVIA, PERSIAN GULF, [By Dr. E. E. Fouraler d'Albe, of light or heat or electric energy. CONTINENTAL, AMERICAN and F. Inst. P. in the Observer.] or what not. And the unprece SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS. Research In puro science is ins-dental and utterly unexpected for The Steamship pired by the desire of findingture observed in this transfer of energy is that the atoms insist on phenomena either possessed of receiving it made up in parcels or Carrying His Majesty's Mails, will ultimate simplicity, or else cap able to some extent of being imitadoses of a certain amount, and be despatched from this Port on ted by a simple model-Karl when they give it up, they give it or about TUESDAY, the 22nd May, up. In the sime dosco. Those 1928, at NOON taking Cargo for doses are known as "quanta," and the above Ports.

Darrow.

.4!

I remember meeting a man at are the larger the more rapid the the British Association whose vibration accompanying the trans

household word fer.

"KIDDERPORE,"

gift, Valuables and Ten for Italy, France and London (under arrangement) will be transhipped at Bombay into the Mail Steamer proceeding direct to Marseilles and London.

name WAS among scientific men all over the 72

"Energy Levels.# world, though the goveral publiè took little notice of him until he

Bohr's hydrogen atom consists was awarded the great Nobel Prize in Physics. He was Niels of a nucleus with a single electron Bohr, Professor of Theoretical revolving round it. This electron Parcels will be received at this Physics at Copenhagen University. I supposed to be capable of re- Office until 5 p.m. the Day before His rather diminutive size, pale, volving at certain "energy levels" Sailing. The contents and value clean-shaven face, and dark hair and at no others. When it, for of all packages must be declared.

For further Particulars, Apply were hardly in keeping with one's any reason, drops from one lovel pre-conceived ideas of what to the next, it emits light, and wo Dane should look like. The popu-see a hydrogen "line" in the spec-1 lar impression of the Viking type trum. How this can be, and what was rather embodied by Sir Ernest strange law marks off the world Rutherford, whose towering form of atoms from our more familiar and resonant voice scamed to lend world, the modern Isaac Newton an air of full-blooded vigour and will have to reveal to us. adventure to a somewhat austere assembly.

to-

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Not more than forty years ago electrons had to walt for a quan."TEUOER" the nature of light was regarded tum before they could escape from as sattled once for all. Light was a metal. a wave motion in the ethor of

Xrays show similar anomalies. .These two men are the prota- gonists in the modern struggle space, and all known luminous One of these anomalies is put by for the mastery of the atom phenomena could be explained Sir William Bragg as follows: "It Rutherford is enlisting all the with marvellous precision on that is as if one dropped a plank Into talents and resources of the single assumption. Man had the sca from a height of 100ft, Cavendish Laboratory in the found a "model" which faithfully and found that the spreading quest, and endeavouring to secure rendered all the phenomena of the ripple was able, after travelling for Cambridge a prize of scientific renown greater than was ever yet world of light. But he did not 1,000 miles and becoming in stop there. Like a child with affinitesimal in comparison with its awarded by 'humanity.

toy, he probed into the working original amount, to act upon 's Bohr, on the other hand, makes of his model and the reasons for wooden ship in such a way that And the more he probed, the a plank of that ship flow out of no experiments, and organises no it. researches. His task is to do for more he found himself baffled and its place to a height of 100ft." Again, when mercury atóme dre the world's physical researchers | bewildered.

bombarded by flying electrons, the what the Immortal Kepler did for

The wave theory of Thomas atter rebound harmlessly unless Tycho Brahe, who built his ob- Young and Fresnel and Abbe they reach a certain speed. Then servatory at Uraniborg. It is to sufficed for the construction of they suddenly begin to turn the interpret their results and flod modern optical and astronomical mercury atoms into sources of some systematic connection be- Instruments, and it still suffices, light of a single frequency. At tween them, to find a path through Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory that point their spoed is just the jungle, and "the permanent of light seemed to be the link des-sufficient to enable them to hand pole in the whirl of phenomena.”

tined to combine two disciplines in Waiting for Another Newton.

to à

an indissoluble union, proof against over a quantum of energy the ravages of time. But it really-mercury atom.

A United Effort. We know that Kepler spent was the beginning of a revolution,

This looks as if energy itself many years trying all kinds of which eventually resolved elec- formulas before he found those tricity into aplaning and stream-were conveyed in "packets." The simple rules, three in number, ing "electrons" and landed the conception of the quantum and ite which the planets obey. In their theory of light on the horns of ajfirst measurement we owe to Max movement round the sun, and dilemma,

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still simpler law of universal problem has gravitation. The

Waves or Corpuscles?

Rome-

Bomewhat like

cor-Duc de Broglio in France have devised special mathematical sys-

Planck, who has just retired from the Chair of Physics at Berlin University. It can be safely said The science of electricity has that the whole of physical re- infected with now shifted from the world of become frankly corpuscular search is now

Compton, in A. H.

and planets to the world of atoms, and Schoolboys deal familiarly with quanta.

electrons America, makes. history is repeating itself. Bohr, the streams of electrons--cur- working in seclusion at Copenha-rents of naked electricity-flow-X-ray quanta impinge upon each billiard balle. gen, has puzzled out a model of ing from the filaments of their other, and finds that they behave the atom which strikingly imitates valves. Will the science of light Schrodinger in Germany and the the behaviour of real atoms, and follow suit, and return to enables us to predict what they thing resembling Newton's will do under new conditions.puscular theory? But in certain respects the model If light does not consist of tems of "wave mechanics" for is not of this world. It behaves waves, how can it bend round an dealing with these problems.

But the most hopeful news as nothing on earth would behave obstacle, as it undoubtedly does unless the laws of nature, as we when minutely observed? And comes from Aberdeen. Professor know them, were repealed.

how can two beams of light "Inter- G. P. Thomson, the son of the produce darkness? man who first proved the exist- There is a general agreement fere" and that an atom of any substance is These and many other observed ence of electrons experimentally,

the something In nature of a phenomena seem impossible to ac-has found them to have something minute solar aystem, and consista count for except on a wave theory. of an undulatory nature, possibly of a nucleus with electrons, like On the other hand, the action of a short wave-train, inherent in a photo-electric cell-their constitution. Such a com- planets, circling round it, the at-light in tractive force between them be-much heard of lately in con-hintion of waves and particles is ing electrical rather than gravita-nexion, with television-depends just what we need to solve the Its frequency than riddle. Let us hope that it will tional. We

calculate the more úpon can

If supply the answer. forces, the distances, and the upon its intensity. It is as

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