1928-04-07 — Page 6

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SATURDAY,

APRIL 7, 1928.

A SINGLE AUTHORITY. vinco; whordas at present there are only eighteen federal states altogether.

POLITICAL READJUSTMENT

IN GERMANY.

Population Distribution. Prussia, the largest of those,

The tendency towards the re- contains 61 per cent of the en- organisation of the political struc- tiro German population. Tho turo of Germany, i.c., the attempt even atates of medium size claim to convert the country from another 34 per cent. willst the federal to a unitary state, to cen-remaining ten states comprise the tralise its administratiive appara-rest of the population-less than tus, and to transfer the functions five per cent between them. The now exercised externally and in-fantastic disproportion revealed ternally by the government of the by those figures is the main rea- son why the problem before Gor eighteen separate states of which many is so very difficult, the prin It is composed to one single au-jetpni contributing factor belug thority common to all, dates back the overwhelming proponderance lo the closing period of the Middle of Prussin over the other states. Ages,

دود

Numorous suggestions have This fact alone may be taken as dominance of one single state to been advanced to reduce this pro- an indication of the difficulty of smaller proportions. Seeing, how- the problem thus created, and the ever, that some of the smaller. conflicting views held in respect states, owing to the cost of their of nearly every human interest-administrative apparatus, aro no matter whether they are promption with Prussia, and that this seriously considering amalgama- ted by idealistic aspiration, tradi-will probably come to pass in the tional privileges, economic con-not so very distant future, tho siderations, historical or cultural question of the reorganisation-of associations, or selfish motives-Prussia has at the same time be- enter into play so as to complicate come a question of reorganising at the situation still further.

lenst the northern portion of Ger- The whole question has recently danger of a hegemony of North many. This, ngafn, involves the come to the forefront of public Germany over Southern Germany attention again by the letter which the Agent for Reparation Fay-cherished

possibility by no means by the latter-and, ments addressed to the German therefore, even a risk of internal Government and by the conference conflicts which, however, mixt

X

of the Prime Ministers of the be prevented at all costs. An German federal states.

important consideration in con- It would be a mistake, however, also the amalgamation of Aus- nexion with the whole problem to assume that a radical reor ganisation on the lines referred to Cria with Germany. This iden, of would result in the saving of large course, is not yet within the realm sums now spent for administrative of practical politics, but every and other purposes. That the nd-German is convinced that it will ministrative apparatus ought to and must be realised some day in be simplified is obvious, but the the future. The practical accom- amounts that can be saved in that plishment of this amalgamation way will not be large enough to will naturally be made more dim- make any difference to the na-cult if the process of centralian- tional budget..

tlon is carried on too far before it has been achieved

Associations.

Resolution Passed.

Another mistake would be to Resume as is sometimes, done-

It is evident, therefore, that that the problem with which Ger- very little can be done for the many finds herself confronted is present in order to make headway identical with certain correspond with the problem under review. ing problems affecting other coun- This conviction has been given tries. In France, for instance, expression to by the resolution there is a very close organic con- passed at the conference of Prime. alluded to, nexion between the various Ministers already provinces, and the one known as which reads as follows:

the Isle de France is the natural

"The national Government and

political and economic centre of the representatives of the federal

the country. A centralised state

system, therefore, conforms to the

"states record their conviction

special requirements of the French that the adjustment of the

"relations between the Reich

"the Welmar Constitution is unsatisfactory and calls for a

nation. Conditions are almilar in and the states as brought about by Russia, where the Bolshevists- by

choosing Moscow for the capital of the country-evinced a deep psychological insight into the needs of the Russian state.

"thorough re-consideration." The resolution proves that all the political groups in the country In Great Britain, on the other have acknowledged and emphasis hund, conditioris are such as to ed the necessity for an alteration demand a certain compromise with of the structure of the country. decentralising tendencies, and There is, however, much diver- this is the case to a much greater gence of opinion as to the methods la be adopted. The purtles and extent in Germany.

groups of the right think that the The geographical character of problem should be solved by alter- the various parts of which the ing the present federal relation- country consists is very different: ship between the Reich and, the Northern Germany is a huge low-states, whilst the parties of the lying plain, Gentral Germany is left propose to proceed along the predominantly a hill country, and road, that leads to the unitary South Germany is mainly an eleva-state as contemplated by the au- ted plateau interscoted by à, num-thors of the Weimar constitution. her of mountain ranges, including The industrial and business pec- ashuro in the Alps.

tions, at any rate, are united in their demand that, for financial Five large rivers whose courses are more or less parallel to each reasons, centralisation in one form othur divide the country into dis-or other should be resolved upon, tricts that exhibit considerable and even the Reichslandbund

an organisation with marked con- ethnological differences.

horvative leanings-has subscrib- All these geopolitical facts and ed to this view. History, however, the economic differences resulting has shown that schemes of poli- from thera must be taken into tical reorganisation have always account in connexion with any been dependent for their prac- acheme of reorganising the political introduction upon some un- tical structure of Germany. To usual political situation and upon ignore them, would mean to base the presence of some highly' gift- the whole work on an. unnaturaled statesman able to carry them foundation. Much has indeed into effect. No one is able to pre- been gained already in the course dict' at present, the lines along of Ittle more than a century.which future development wil}} This becomes evident when we re-take place. It is safe to say, on member that Germany, during the the other hand, that the movement early years of the past century, discussed in this article will con- consisted of nearly two-hundred tinue. In existence until its main territorial units, and that aven object, 1.0., à' cardinal reorganisa- the German Empire founded in tion of the present political struc- 1871 was composed" of twenty-ture of the country, has been five states and one imperial pro-achieved.,,

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