1927-11-03 — Page 10

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THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1927.

THE HISTORICITY OF JESUS.

deeds and sayings of no significance for them, and for the world? It is fact too often overlooked that all the utterances of Jeans, recorded. In the Gospels could be spoken in a fow hours, and all the deeds ascribed to FAPER READ BY MR. R. A. D. him performed in a few days. The story of his death is much fuller than the story of his life. Schmiedel's theory gives no answer to this very apertinent question. Either the wi- ters were divinely inspired as to what should be told and what omitted, and

FORREST.

Crawford's last-evening-

When 1, without adquate considera-| tion, offered to give a paper on "The Historicity of Jesus," I did not allow for the impossibility of treating the whole subject, even in the merest out- line, in the compass of a single lee ture. I have since decided to avoid sketchiness to some extent by divide ing my subject into two papers, first stating the problem and, secondly, giving an outline of what I believe to be the most successful attempt to

solve it.

T The furt

with

SHANGHAI CRIME.

DUE TO MILITARY AND POLITICAL SITUATION,

· RECENT GALES,

THEIR, MAJESTIES' DONA- TIONS TO IRISH SUFFERER

J

Governor-General Healy's rep to the Treasurer to the King wo "I beg you to convoy, with my hu ble duty, to their Majesties, r gratitude on their sympathy w the grief stricken people in Co nemara and Galway The gracio sympathy of the King and Que towards suffering families touch every heart."

Giving an explanation for the

London, Nov. 2. alarming increase in crime which

Royal sympathy with the The following is the text of

the Irish Coast was expressed paper, on "The Historicity of

has occurred in Shanghai in recent bereaved by the gale disaster Jesus" read by Mr. R. A. D. For

months, Captain E. I. M. Barrett, the following telegram to the Ge rest at a meeting of the Hongkong one may add, as to where they should Commissioner of Police, in his Branch of the Rationalist Press insert contradletions, a reduotio ad report for September, states that it State: "The King and Queen ha ernor-General of the Irish Fr Association. At Messrs. Lane, absurdum, or an explanation must be is largely due to the military and read with much concorn the

sought elser than in Schmiedel, political situation, especially the count of the loss of-life-among-t we pursue, our reaituation which has obtained since fishermen along the coast of I searches the fewer become the au- the advent of the latest political land. His Majesty wishes to a thorities to whom we can appeal. It regime...

£100 and the Queen £50 to any fu is now established that of the first

In his report Captain Barrott that is being started for the alloy three Gospels only Mark at most can

that one of the factors

tion of distress amongst Iri claims to be an original authority. statos

families" The others build on his narrative which has contributed to this with additions from unknown sources, situation is the instability of the again interconnected. I cannot give government in Chinose territory, the evidence here, but to anyone who which has been changed as a re- doubts it, I would recommend the exer

sult of revolutionary Ox other cise of going through and under violent occurrences on more than Matthew and Luke in turn Even so, I must clear the ground by lining all portions found to be in iden- dozen occasions since the A- tumn of 1924. Besides affording stating in the first place that I posit tical or almost identical language.. the fact that mirdeles such as those Besides proving my point it will unprecedented opportunites to the eredited to the central figure of the show him how, as Donald Hankey criminal fraternity to secure re Gospel do not occur. For our pre-sald, a good story always grows betvolvers and pistols, each of these sent purposes this must be stated as ter, as, ep, when Matthew after re- changes has resulted in additions

The President of the Dail," N a dogma, with the explanation that nt counting the miracle of the feeding of to the ranks of the unemployed. some other time I shall be ready to the multitude and ending up "and the

of large bands of men trained in Cosgrave, has issued a. Natio give a reason for the faith that is in number of them was about 5,000 the use of arms and inured to appeal for funds to relieve d

mon," the whole practically word

tress. The early Deistic writers wore in-word as Marie gives it, adda sidor risking their lives. As

of the dissolution Inst April of clined too often to dismiss the Gospels women and children."

the Shanghai Labour Protection with other tales of wonder na the for-

Corps, some five thousand persons The floods at Fleetwood follow) Igories of priests, a procedure, you will

of this class were turned loose Friday's gale stibsided rapidly yi agree, almost as unscientific as their blind acceptance of inculcated faith.

upon the community, and it is terday and trains are again fi There are, however, s A little more satisfactory is Ronan's

worthy of note that the corps inning. method of rejecting miraculous nar-

question was largely composed of some seven hundred acres in t ratives in his biography of Jesus,

ex-burglars and thieves.

neighbourhood of the town und with whatever portions of the record

water. are indissolubly connected with them, while accepting the balanco, as trust worthy.

Absence of Reference.

To say that Paul tells us nothing of Christ's life on earth may seem bold to anyone who has no: read through the opistles in the hunt for any con firmation of the Gospel narratives. We need not go so far as some of the Dutch school and deny that we have any indisputable work of Paul, and we may take a view much more con servative, rejecting only the epistles addressed to individuals. In the genuine epistles, therefore, we find a curious absence of reference to Jesus

This also fails, howevor, in that it implies in those among whom the Gos- pole took their origin the same con- ception of natural law and of the miraculous as is now held. Next in logical order is the view of Schmiedel, the man as shown in the Gospels. who, while not rejectlong any miracle a priori, by a careful application of textual criticism, finds it more easy to believe that the tales arose in the misunderstanding of figures of speech.

method:

Cursory. Treatment.

Other ancient writers are no more

the

a result

Fleetwood, Floods.

The Captain and crew the Finnish barque Ingomar, whi was wrecked by, the gales in North Sea when bound from Kol: for London with timber, were init ed at North Shields yesterday

German steamer-British Wi

Jess.

An

Shanghai-Naoking Railways in every instance the 1st Ari was victorious.

Bolshevik Teachings. The crime situation has been further aggravated during the present year because the criminals and potential criminala of the various categories mentioned have como under the influence of It is only in the interpolated pas Bolshevik propaganda, which has sage in the first epistle to the Corin- been systematically conducted with thians concerning the Last Supper, a view to effecting, by arousing a passage which interrupts the thread the greed and covetousncan of the of the 31st Army, arrangemo of the argument, the Paul shows any proletarian classes, destruc-wore made, by Gonoral Ho Yil definite knowledge of such person- tion of all respect for property ching's 1st Army to disarm t 3 A Striking Example.

ality. Not only so, but there is the curious inct that he never quotes the and the rights of others. Unlike corps on September 20. I shall quote but one, and that the savings of Jesus, e. g., on the subject the authorities charged with re-gagement resulted, but the lat conditions after troops were defeated and co most striking example of Schmiedel's of the tables of the Gentiles in Galat- storing normal

to surrender their ar jans, th III, where they would have revolations in other countries, pelled "In Matthew II, 5, and Luke VII been conclusive against his opponents, who were usually given almost after suffering about 100 casu 22, Jesus sends an answer to the but prefers to argue by strained and unlimited power, the police of the ties. Further fighting betwe

enme armies occurred Baptist that the blind see, the lame disputable analogics drawn from the Settlement have been "endeavour the walk, the lepers are cleansed, the Old Testament. Paul is in fact, con- ing. to meet the abnormal condi- some day under similar circul donf hear, the dead are raised, and zerned with Jesus the God and not tions with no other authority than stancos :at "other points** the poor have the gospel preached with Jesus the Man. Otherwise the that accorded by the Chinese Pro the Shanghai-Hangchow to them... Both evangellets have procedure which he tells us of invisional Criminal Code, which in seen to it that all the miracles men- Galatians, ch. I where a convert an clearly intended for timeş of tioned have taken place, either axlous to spread the gospel of a de an earlier date, or before the eyes ceased teacher does not set himself peace. While the observance of of the Baptist's messengers.

to inquire accurately what the gospel the letter of this Code in the

Communistic Developments. All the more remarkable there is, ts inexplicable.

Settlement places the Police, at fore, it is that the Hst should close

a great disadvantage, the authori

Notwithstanding the severe m with what is not di miracle at all.

ties in Chinese territory never

sures adopted by the Chini It would be impossible to counteraét

allow themselves to be hampered authorities since April 12, 19 the preceding enumeration more effectually than by the simple helpful. Josephus might be expected by it when dealing with dangerons against the members of the Chin The to say something of the remarkable criminals or political and subver Communist Party, these extremi insertion of this final clause.

whose sive agitators. In view of this have succeeded in reanming thi evangelists therefore cannot have happenings in the country

circumstance and the fact that history he wrote, but he does not men-

old activities, and are now and added it of their own proper moticntion Jesus. If anyone will sustain large portion of the wealth of vouring, by means of terrorism Neither could Jesus have neutralis

states that this part of the country is ed the effect of his own words...if that the passage which

con propaganda, to bring the workers we assume miracies to be intended Jesus was the Christ is authentic, he centrated in the Settlement, it Bhanghai completely under th

as to why would not be a matter for surprise domination. The ...in such an extraordinary way, must face the problem

torrorism On the other hand the clause in Josephus gave such cursory treat f the large majority of the manifested during the period un question fits admirably, if Jesus was ment to what would be, if it were true, criminals of southern

Kinngeuroview in. a campaign of nasasai speaking not of the physically but the central figure and central facts

came here to pursue their depre- tion against employees of industri of the spiritually blind, lame, of his own and of all history. The

dations. leprous, deaf, dead. This is tho words are interpolated. menning too which these words act- Tacitus recounts such marvels as

Chinese Must Act First. ually have in the Old Testament the appearance of the phoenix in-

It is nevertheless trus that passagea, Is. XXXV, 51, LXI. 1, Egypt, turning away from his sombre which lie at the root of this." Annals of the early Roman Empire Chinese territory is suffering more

the medium of handbilla. In Schmiedel having thus destroyed to do so, but has no mention of Jesus, than the Foreign Concessione

instance the handbills advocated. the temple of orthodoxy proceeds to though another interpolator has sup

the present epidemic of

overthrow of the Upiscation Co build it up again and to establish it plied the defect. A passage, In Sue. Armly, as he believes, on his nine tonius shows at most that he knew crime. In the country between

mittee of the Shanghai Labour Uni "foundation-pillars," nine "absolutely something of the Christians, but the Woosung and the Taihu Lake,

the removal of Generals Pei Chur even towns have of existence of Christians has never been villages and credible passages"; discussion which would take as too far afield. in dispute. Gibbon in one of his best-been attacked recently by armed hai and Ho Ying-ching on Anyone desirous of pursuing the sub-known passages gums up the fact marauders who took away every ground that they have degenerat

into reactionary militarists. ject should certainly read the article thus, with his acrid irony:

thing portable of value, and in

another a demand was made for "Gospels" in the Encyclopaedia Bibli- "During the age of Christ, of his many cases either murdered or

confiscation of foreign factories al ca, and Robertson's criticism in his

apostles, and of their first disciples kidnapped numbers of the in-

an appeal to labourers to secu "Pagan Christs.".

the doctrine which they preached habitants, Until this banditry in was confirmed by innumerable pro- territory surrounding the Settle vernment in co-operation with arma and set up a proletarian digies. The lame walked, the blind ment is suppressed and until such Russian Soviet Republic. The saw, the sick were healed, the dead time as machinery is created handbills purported to have be were raised, demons were expelled,. and the laws of Nature were fre which will enable the authorities issued by branches of the Chine quently suspended for the benefit of responsible for law and order Communist Party known as the Church. But the sages of within its limits to deal with the General Labour Union, the Chiad Greece, and Rome turned aside from criminals in a manner befitting Communistic League and the Ex the awful spectacle, and pursuing the times, there is reason to fear cutive Committee of the Chine the ordinary occupations of life that conditions will remain un-

Communist Party. satisfactory.

Coincidences.

The matter is not an simple, how Lever. We meet with the problem of the unoriginality of the teaching of Jesus, much, if not most of which can he parallelled in other literatures. The instance of the Golden

Rale which was already, with unimportant difference of phrasing, written in the Analects of Confucius six centuries before the accepted date of Jesus' life comes to one's mind. But we may ga even into minuter details, and And more striking coincidences,

Drews, In his "Witnesses to the His- toricity of Jesus," gives a long, list of such from which I shall only quote so far as to mention that the parables of the labourdrs who objected to the idea of equal pay for unequal work and of the lost sheep fin this case it appears as a lost ass) are to be found in the Talmud, together with aphor-

ค

establishments, of whom no 1 than four were shot dead and t wounded, while the propaganda ci sisted of appeals to the work which were disseminated throu

and study appeared unconscious of

There were 16 strikes during t any alterations in the moral or

Exceptional circumstances, such month of September as compar physical government of the world. Under the reign of Tiberius, the as crime waves like that which is with eight in August, 1027. The whole earth, or at least a celebrated passing over the Settlement now, disputes affected a total of 17,2 province of the Roman Empire, was demand exceptional counter-men- employees and resulted in a loss involved in a preternatural dark-sures, but the police are severely 184,320 working days, against 9,0 ness of three hours. Even this handicapped by the fact that the workers affected and 40,168 workin miraculous event, which ought to

have excited the wonder, the curlo-law doca: not provide adequate days lost during the previous mont offences. In the course of a disturbance amo sity, and the devotion of mankind, punishment for such passed without notice in an age of thing short of capital punish the workers in a dock in Pootung

ment will deter the armed robber Boptember 19, tho labourers assau science and history." What is the explanation of it all?, gangs. from their activitics, and ed and wounded a foreign employe isma almost word for word the same I no such person existed, how come capital punishment is to all in who probably would have lost h as those of the Sermon on the Mount, we very shortly to find man willing to tents and purposes a dead letter life were it not for the interventio

But may not the Jews have been die for belief that there was such a in the Provisional Court. It is of the Chinese Police, the borrowers? Let anyone remem- being? I hope, having stated the further open to doubt whether the ber, only that the Christians are by problem, to have a later opportunity present Nanking their own records shown to have been of offering the answer.

at first a sect of Jows growing up

amid Jewish traditions, and only gradually deciding to sover themselves

Government

(the legislative authority) is in any way interested in

or sympa thetically inclined towards peace

Armed Robberies in Settlement

"One hundred and twenty rapor of armed robbery were receive during the mouth, 93 occurring and good order in the Bettlement. dwelling houses, shops, etc., and Until, however, the criminal on the highway,

..

from their countrymon by ceasing to Stone quarries have been dis- practise the ceremonial law; let him covered in the Champs-Elysees dur remember how the adoption of quinine ing excavation for the foundations classes learn to fear the law as During the nine months cado and of the Ctegorian calendar were of a new building on the corner of administered by the Provisional opposed in 18th-century England for the Avenue George V. They are Court, I do not see how a retum September 30, 810 reports of arme no better reddon than that their in- apparently of immense extent, to the calmer atmosphere of a robbery from dwelling houses, shop ventors word Catholics, and he will with galleries

that stretch few years back can he expectedete, and 234 reports of armed big way robbery were received, a tot have no hesitation in

replying that

situation. for as the Trocadero

1,044 cases of robbery and an in War

·Civil in default of direct evidence on either

char to the south and nearly Poroase of over 223 per cent., over th alde, it is more probable that the to the Pare Monceau on the north, Naval and aerial attacks upon figures for the first three-quarte members of the new sect parried over a distance of more than a mile the local garrison and engage of 1020. Daring the same period i with them some fragments of their earlier tenching and sought to give and a half. Underneath the site at monts romlting from the oxocu- less than 541 poradna were arreste them to a divine speakor. them greater authority, by attributing present excavated they were found tion of plans for the disarming on the charge of armed robbery. O

at a depth of 45 feet, and huge con- of the 31st Army were the out these one only wasentenced crete pillars have been placed along standing features of the military death, 222 have been sentenced the galleriea to bear the weight of situation in Shanghai during the imprisonment, 11 died of wounds re the new building. Some of the month. In consequence of suspiceived at the time of arrest, 12 acions entertained by the Nationalist were acquitted and 170 wero ati galleries will probably be used

authorities regarding the loyalty on remand at the end of Beptember

Few Authorities. Then one may ask: If the Gospel writers tell us so much about Jeans, why not more? Were the rest of hir

cellars.

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