1927-10-29 — Page 7

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THE NEW EUROPE.

NOTED HISTORIAN'S

LECTURE.

SATURDAY,

OCTOBER 29, 1927.

German in the room produced in means of the League of Nationa, the Frenchman almost physical the statesmen of Europe, and to a reaction. Everywhere in Europe, considerable extent the statesmen of new states were starting up filled other parts of the world, had gone with passion and national hatred, through a new process. There new frontier lines were being was now a constant communing "The New Europe and the Lea-drawn cutting across the old among the men who were respon gue of Nations" was the subject of economic lines, there was economic sible for the policy of the League

chaos over three-quarters of Eu-, of Nations. An address delivered at Hongkong, University yesterday evening by tape, starvation was present in Arena, currencies were Professor C. K, Webster, Wilson many

As one who had been watching Professor of international Politics, Suctuating and disappearing, and who, after attending a Pacific Rela- it seemed almost impossible that that process for the last eight tions Conference at Honolulu, is the peoples of Europe could learn years, he had been astounded at now on a tour round the world, to live together in co-operation, the effect it had upon the minds of That was the European statesmen. As an Professor Webster is a Fellow of concord and harmony. King's College, Cambridge, and eight years ago. from 1914-1922 was Professor of Modern History at the University of Liverpool.

The Europe of To-day,

A New Point of View,

illustration, he instanced, that great international figure, Lord Balfour, who in four years had

If they looked at the Europe of become a completely changed man, A large audience assembled in the 1927 they did not find an ideal A man. whose attitude towards Great Hall of the University. pre sided over by Mr. W. W. Hornell,place. They still found men and politics had always been negative, the Vice-Chancellor of the Univer women, as they did in all parts became one of the foremost leaders of the world, thinking in terms of of politics in the four years that uity.

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Introducing the lecturer, the self-interest, they found states followed the war. Then there was Vice Chancellor of the University, feeling nailonally, but yet they Mr. Ramsay Macdonald. If they said Professor Webster had the found a Europe which ad gone ahad asked him in 1919 what he rare but not unique experience of great way to learn the leason that thought about the League of Na- having examined students of his no state could live unto itself lions, he would not have had much tory, both in the Universities of alone. Frenchmen and Germans, good to say about it. Yet Mr. Oxford and Cambridge. The com- Poles and Magyars and Rumanians, Ramsay Macdonald was the first parative merits of Cambridge and races that were filled with the British Prime Minister to attend Oxford students as the one deepest resentment against one the meetings of the League. He point on which he had found Tro-another, were now sitting round said that British policy depended fessor Webster unwilling to com- the same table engaged in working upon the safety and power of the mit himself whether out of feeling out problems common to them all. League. He became one of its to his (Mr. Hornell's) universityThe economic life of Europe had foremost champions. In 1919 they been stabilised.. Its currencies would not have found Sir Austen or out of regard for his own he could not say."

(Laughter), Mr. were now almost everywhere safe Chamberlain a very fervent sup- 12 Beneath Hornell mentioned that Professor and sure, and it had started to put porter of the League. When he 13 "Musical instruction. Webster had come from attending forward grent schemes which, whe-took up the burden of office he 14 Paragraph

15 Relative. or not did not

17 Loud noise. the Pacific Relations Conference ther they failed

tions.

The Lesson of Co-operation.

Education of the People.

.es-

Across.

1 Jail (slang).

5 Fish of carp family. 8 Gone by.

ក្នុងនគ

Threefold. Employed. Consumes.

Heathen.

Ridicule. Plodged.

24

Signed contract.

26 Irritate.

27

Invited an answer.

28 Kind of poplar.

30

Snake,

31

Make brown by exposure to BUD.

35

Clement,

38

Gall found on reses.

140

Flat bottomed vessel,

41

Desery.

42

Used by a mounted soldier.

44

Stanza.

45

More uncommon.

46

Worn by a Northern race..

47 Collects in chimneys.

48 That which is borrowed.

Let it stand.

Yesterday's Puzzle.

150

Male horse:

51

47 Springing. 49 Loss of unaccented syllable. 52 Haut-boy, 63 Wait.

Down.

1 Piere of chewed tobacco (Col.) 2 Till

3 Poems.

4 Crime.

at Honolulu and had spent some matter, the mere fact that they found that the League of Nations 18 Ailment. little time travelling in China were put forward was a great was indispensable to the life of 19 Gives light. where, he understood, he had not thing in the history of the world-Europe. He had attended every 20 Diseased Rye. been disappointed with regard to schemes for the mutual reduction Council meeting of the League of 23 Brighten. the problems presented by the of armaments and for new forms Nations since he came into office. 25 Scandinavian legend, various international complica of economic co-operation which The same kind of force was work-29 Kind of basket.

30 Insect. would far transcend the frontiersing on the statesmen of other of states. Such a change in eight countries. They had been able to 32 Birds homes,

33 Withhold, Rapid Changes,

years was a remarkable pheno- get a new point of view added to Lively dances. menen. Some of it, no doubt, the intensely, national point of 36 Used by dress-makers. "We are told," Professor Webs-could be attributed to the lapse of view that statemen had before the 37 Fatty. ter said in opening his address, time-hate was an exhausting war-a new international point of 39 "Profound. "that one day Confucius sat by the passion-but nevertheless

he view which, he ventured to sug- 41. Observed with the eye. bank of a river and said to his thought it was quite certain that ast, they could not have attained 43 Employers. disciples. 'Life is like that: always result could not have been achiev-in any other way. moving, always changing.' I think ed if there had not been for the if he could look at the river of first time at the disposal of the life to-day he would have to admit men and women in Europe, a new it was changing very rapidly in-form of political machine.

Thirdly, it was not sufficient in64 Overlaid with gold. politics to educate statesmen. He 5 Ape (shortened form). deed. The river, indeed, is be-

had spent the whole of his life 56 Card. coming almost a flood, a torrent

67 Probe. and in studying statesmen, threatening to break down the!

It was by the machinery of the pecially foreign affairs, and he 58 Fatigued. banks which elvilisation

League of Nations that the men of thought the thing that had im- 50 State of repose. ereeled in various parts of the different nationalities learned the pressed him most about them was world. There is no need in this lesson of co-operation. For the their helplessness. (Laughter). quarter of the globe to dwell on first time in the history of the They were always wanting to do the fact that we are dealing now. with new things in the world: that world they made a definite experi-fawfully nice things; but they ment as to whether it was not could not do them, especially in the rate of change in political, possible for men and women, the 19th century democratic world, more rapid than at any other aking different tongues, living and the League of Nations would in different places and having have failed in ita purpose if it had period of the world's history-different interests to come confined its attention to states- That is often summarised in the constantly together to bind their men alone. In a sense the League 10 words "The New China', but I common interests. Although, of had also been able to educate the think that sometimes the people in course, it was too early yet to peoples of Europe as well as their this part of the world forget that speak of an experiment that was statesmen, because for the first there is also in the world a new eight years old as finally settled, time in the history of the world Europe: that in some ways the yet on the whole it had met with they had had open discussions of changes in the Western hemis astounding success. The League international politics. There had phere in the last eight or nine of Nations was now the centre of Council and the Assembly of the

been brought openly before rears have been just as big as the European, and, to a certain ex-League most difficult and dan- changes in the eastern. hemistent, of world politics. phere. What I propose to do to-

gerous and complicated inter- Professor Webster referred to national problems that before 1914 day is to try and show you some- thing of that change and to in-the dificulties which beset the could hardly be discussed in dicate the machinery by which it League when it first started, how public, and as for openly debating statesmen received it with a con-them in public, half the foreign has been brought about."

temptuous shrug of the shoulders offices of Europe would have had Eight Years Ago.

and endeavoured to put it on one a fit at the mere suggestion of the he idea (Laughter). Yet, it had been Professor Webster, proceeding, side. The League' was now, said he remembered extraordinari said, the supreme factor in the found possible to establish, as it ly well the Europe of 1919. In international affairs of Europe were a new technique of interna- 1910 be was Secretary of the mili- That was an amazing thing to be tional affairs and statesmen, of try sectiun of the British de-able to say of an institution which legation to the Paris Conference, had a life of only eight years. and by the end of the great war practically all the news came along :

social and economic conditions is:

Educating Statesmen.

the

the world had been able to discuss publicly those things which most divided their nations, so that not only they themselves but public Na-opinion in various countries could toe instructed about the cause and the possibilities of settling. it.

6 Possessor.

7 Stringed instrument.

8 Act of carrying.

9 Genus of the lily.

Frighten.

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the military wires. The elvilians' Secondly, the League of had been reduced, as they gener- tions was set up in the world ally were in war, to a position of educate statesmen. Before the!

As an example, Prof. Webster' inferiority. As he sat in Paris great war the statesmen of the

referred to the question of opium and looked at the Europe of that great Powers hardly ever saw one and the efforts made to get the time, he often wondered whether another, and when the crisis in

Indian Government to abolish European civilisation would sur-1911 came the foreign ministers production and sale; of the charge vive the next six months. There in the various countries of Europa of Mr. Sastri, the Indian delegate, was such a great quantity of pa- knew practically nothing about it that the manufacture of opium tional passion and hatred; men except what they learned from the was increasing in China and the and women were thinking so much reports of their own ambassadors. defence of Dr. Wellington Koo, in terms of their own interests and They had no conception of how who gave a review of Anglo-Chi-

A New Method. so little in the interests of other the mind of the other man worked, nese relations in the 19th century, question should

Fourthly, by this process, the people. The resentment caused they hail no personal knowledge of daring which he touched upon openly. Before 1914 that type of

of debate was practically impossible. League of Nations had greatly by the unprecedented struggle of him, they could not make any fore-many delicate subjects, some the war was so great that French-east as to how he would respond to which perhaps

were not very It was now being applied with developed a new method of getti- great success to delicate and dan-ng disputes between nations, If. men and Germans, for example, not a

They palatable to the Anglo-Saxons. particular emergency. only could not sit down at the looked on international politica Whilst he did not agree with gerous international affairs, and they were going to abolish war, same table but could hardly get from the narrow angle of their much of Dr. Wellington Koo's public opinion was beginning to they were not going to do it by into the same room-with one

country. an- own

(Continued on Page 19.) There was no interpretation of history, it was, get a new conception of their merely saying "There shall be no other. The very presence of a means

the crisis. By he thought, a good thing that the country's politica.

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