1927-03-12 — Page 5

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPHI

WHEN IS A PERSON DRUNK?

"HELPING WORK OF POLICE SURGEONS.

Mr. Graham Campbell, the Bow Street Magistrate, stated, recently that a committee of the British Medical Association would shortly Issue a report on the tests applied in cases of alleged drunkenness.

This committee was apponted last year by a resolution of the B.M.A. Counell, and the members

were.

Mr. R. G. Hogarth (President of the Association), Dr. H. B. Brackenbury, Sir Bobert Bolam, Mr. N. Bishop Harman, Dr. J. W. Bone, Mr. J. A. R. Cairns, Mr. R. F. Graham-Campbell, Dr. E. Farquhar Buzzard, Dr. B. H. Fothergill, Dr. R. Wallace Henry, Dr. W. J. Keats. Major-General Sir William Mac- pherach, Dr. A. R. Moore, Pro- fessor J. T. J. Morrison, Dr. T. Rose, Dr. P. H. Spurgin, Mr. E. B. Turner, and Sir William Willcox. Many discussions have been held during the last two yours on tests for drunkenness. The authorita- tive statement that is to be issued will be of exceptional value to police surgeons and others as to the exact state which constitutes drunkenness. At present the view is held by many medical men that too much authority is left to the polico-constable, and that his apt to confuse pathological symp- toms which have little or no rela- tion with alcohol, with drunken-

ness.

The police surgeon saldom seen a case for some considerable perlod after arrest, and he relies on tests the validity of which will shortly be pronounced upon by mer who have experience from the mont varied standpoints. The re- port will be issued only after criti- cism by the Council of the British Medical Association, and will re- present the considered opinion of the medical profession.

The general question of alcohol has for some time past been keenly exercising the medical profession, and recently the "Practitioner invited leading surgeons, physic- ians, and men of science to give their considered opinions for pub lication.

SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1927.

CITY'S COMMON CRYER.

ORIGIN OF QUAINTLY-

TERMED OFFICE.

The announcement that Captain Maxted, the Common Cryer of the City of London, who was also Serjeant-At-Arms and Mace Boar or, has, resigned, has led people to ask: What does or did the Com-. mon Cryer cry?'

No one can remember a Comi- mon Cryer with loud bell and still louder voice announcing forth- coming events or giving tif-bits of news in the City byway. The) Common Cryer, says a home paper. must not be confused with a com mon town crler of the type st to be found, in ancient but lesser towns and villages of the land. It. is doubtful whether the City ever possessed an official town erle, but the office of Common Cryer is. according to reputable historians, as old as the City itself.

Former Responsibilities. To-day the Common Cryer gets: a salary of £300 a year and is a useful member of the administra- tive staff at Mansion House. In- wig and gown he carries the maca on ceremonial ocensions' and ho is always at the beck and call of the Lord Mayor. He is appointed by the City Corporation.

41

In bygone days he had many more responsibilities-and higher Eny. Samuel Beddome, a Common Cryer in 1863, had his salary fixed at £500, and he was then describ-

in the Common Council minutes as "ranking next to sword bearer and second esquire of the Lord His son. Mayor's household." who succecoded him in 1886, had his emoluments fixed ut precisely half that sum.

Official Crying.

In a charter dated 1638, stating the duties of the office of Outroper or Common Cryer, it was laid down that he was responsible for the "selling of household stuff, lease of houses, jewels, goods, chattels and other things of all! Persons willing that the officer should sell them by public and open cry, commonly called outery, in the open places in the City and Liberties and the town of South- Sir Humphory Rolleston was wark.". The Common Cryer, ap- frankly against alcohol, recognisparently, was the fore-runner of ink its value in an emergency as the auctioneer and broker. a temporary remedy as at the crisis of pneumonia or occasional ly as a sedative to induce sleep, cases of inoperable malignant discase, and other hopeless con- ditions in which they are found to give comfort and soothe the last la of life's troublous transit.

Other "crying" by the official was done principally at the olee- tion of Lord Mayors when he used to direct "All persons to be un- covered in the Hall and all those

ho are not Aldermen to depart the Hall upon pain of imprison- ment--Oyez! Oyez! Oyez!!! Sir Arthur Newaholme laid The reading of proclamations down as rales that the drinking of was another "erying" respon- alcoholic drinks between mealssibility of the official and he had. should be forbidden; a strong to attend hustings and summon meetings. Alexander medical opinion should be given Council

us to the special evil resulting Fulling, an historian, writes: "The from Indulgence in spirits and Serjeants of Mace of the City of the stronger wines and beers; und London may be easily identified the evil of frequently repeated al-with the Roman lictors, who car coholic drinks should be emphasiz-ried fasces before the Praeto."

ed.

HOSPITALS 50 YEARS

AGO.

DIRTY, COATS PREFERRED.

Grim tales of hospital work half a century ago were told by Dr. F. W. Alexander, who, at the age of sixty-eight, is retiring from the position of medical officer of Poplar after 34 years' services.

I was at 'Bart's' 50 years ago," he said, "and I have seen the whole of the medical and surgical work grow to the position it oe- cupies today. In early life. the man with the bloodiest and dirtiest coats was considered the cleverest surgeon, while overalls were not used. When oporations were on, the coals the surgeons were kept in one cupboard and were worn as required. There were no antiseptic precautions, and the worderful thing to me ia that the patients ever gol better. "Carbolic was used for wounds, and then an operation was in pro. Kress the surgeon's hands used get sodden with the carbolic spraying of the patient, who, if not looked after, was sometimes infected with carbolic acid poison."

Leaving "Bart'a" Dr. Alexander- went to Croydon Workhouse In- firmary where, he states, there were only four paid nurses. The re- mainder of the help was given by pauper inmates. From Croydon be became assistant medical off- cer at Mile End, and after a time was appointed to the post from which he is now retiring.

"The East End in those days," he declared, "was a mass of equa- lor. Much of the work of tailor- ing was done by outworkers in the slum houses, which were hotbeds of disease. There was no super- vision' and no disinfection."

Dr. Alexander agreed "that the conditions at Poplar had changed enormously for the better since he hud occupied the post of medieni officer. But," he added, "the overcrowding to-day is greater than ever.

The borough la closely built over, and there is no room for the building other dwellings. The interiors of the houses are in better condition, but. the structures themselves are Buffering from old age and decay, and some of the districts are in danger of becoming unhealthy

areas.

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#

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