1927-02-12 — Page 5

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FINDS AT UR.

HOUSES OF TIME OF ABRAHAM,

Several blocks of houses of the time of Abraham have been exca- vated by the Joint Expedition of the British Muscum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, on the site of Ur of the Chaldeos:

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1927.

LIBERAL'S POLICY,

MR. KEYNES REVEALS NEW

LINES INQUIRY.

Mr. J. M. Keynes, the world- famous economist and thinker, gave a very illuminating address recently on" "Liberalism. and In- dustry" at the National Libert Club.

The subject chosen was especí. Those throw new light on the ally interesting because of the livas of the people of 2100-1905 Liberal Industrial in quiry which, B.C., while a large number of in-encouraged by Mr. Lloyd George, scribed tables found are expected is being undertaken by the Libern) to lead to interesting discoveries. Summer School.

The alte selected, says the re- port issued by the British Museum, was a lofty mound outside the wall built by Nebuchadnezzar, around the Sacred Area. Hitherto all ex- cavations had been on temples or fortifications, and though here and

there some official residence had come to light, little was learned. of the domestic conditions of or dinary people.

An area measuring some 70 yards by 50 has been cleared, lay- Ing bare several blocks of houses divided, by

narrow streets. As they lay deep down in the mound, 20ft. or more below the surface, the walls were astonishingly well preserved. The fronts of the houses were of burnt brick throughout, only the interior walla buing of mud brick over burr brick foundations. In their main lines the houses conform to one type.

Plundered Graves, From the street, door one passed through a little entrance-chamber into a central court, which, part'y open to the sky, acted as a light- well for the surrounding rooms One side of the court was taken up by the reception room, a long shallow chamber. On another side was the kitchen, and other domestic offices occupied. the re maining space.

Close to the entrance was the door of the ataircase; high and narrow like those of modern Arab stairs, which were built of solid brick below and were carried up in wood on their return over the cup-board-like chamber along side.

Living rooms were all on the upper floor. being entered from a wooden gallery which ran from the stairhead round the four sides of the court.

After showing the changes in our industrial system Mr. Keyner pointed out that a party's attitude to the new problem depended on the emphasis given to the twin arms of any industrial polley Justice and Elefoney..

Liberalism alone could guide the masses to a system of social jus- tice without being blind to tho need for efficiency,

The day of the small unit. was over. The causes were partly technical and partly the difficulty of marketing.

HJ.

The coal and cotton trades were going bankrupt owing to their failure to adjust themselves.. Re- cent statistics showed that indus- try depended on the money pro- vided by a host of small investors of amounts of 23-£400. The one. enlightened public owned rad salaried officials directed.

Lines of Development. Mr. Keynes suggested sever lines of development along which Government help would be essen- tial.

1. The dissemination of know- ledge. In this country the ten- deney was, to secretiveness, ard there was a greater reluctance to poul knowledge than in any other country.

The Government must aim at breaking down this policy of secretiveness.

2. The Government must be pre- pared for industrial mishaps and be ready with plans to counter them before it was too late.

3. Seeing that industry depend- ed now on the small and uninform- ed investor, the Government must help the public to Invest with knowledge and security and in the right direction. This involved the amendment cf company law and faller publicity of accounts.

4. The encouragement of experi ments in new forms of industrial the richer houses of modern Bagh-control such as partnerships, etc. dad.

The whole plan of the building anticipates almost exactly that of

The houses had been swept bare of nearly all their contents.

Even the graves-for it was the custom to bury the dend below the house wherein they had lived had generally been plundered, and vielded little except clay pots and sonictimes the signet seal of the householder.

Very large numbers of inscribed tablets were found, however.

From the few which it has 43 yet been possible to examine at all, it is clear that a most import

5. The encouragement and re- gulation of trusts and combines in the right direction and for the general welfare of the public. He believed that in the industrial world of the future trusts, pro- perly regulated, would combine all the advantages of nationalisation and private enterprise.

6. The development of wage standards must be secured by making wages the first charge on industry.

7. The deliberate regulation from the centre of industrial em-

ant and interesting series of docu-ployment. The State must watch ments has been secured.

Some are records of the sacred buildings erected it Ur by klags of the dynastics of Isin and Larsa, and others are hymns.

where labour is required and make plans for training and transfer from one industry to another.

Co-operation With Labour, Mr. Keynes concluded by any7

A small figure of a lion in alabing that, he was prepared to co-

aster, the support for a statuette of a god, a diorite head of a ram, and a pretty bottle of blue and black moulded glass, discovered in a Kassite grave of about 1,400 B.C., are among the art objects unearthed.

LONDON'S POLICE.

operate with labour for these ends, but remaining a Liberal.

The old Liberals were not ready to co-operate with labour on any likely terms. They remained Liberais in respect of what mat- tered most 50 years ago in the many fights for freedom. In their attitude to present-day problems they were Conservatives.

If these Liberals captured": the party 'the party would die of in- anition within five years.

ARE THEY UNCIVIL? London, January 1.Com plaints of police officers' incivility to the public are constantly reach, ing me, and I believe many are justified, and therefore wish to impress on all officers that there is lems.

In everything but Free Trade Mr. Baldwin was one of theac, old Liberals; but he was Conservative in the sense that he had no vestige of a plan for present-day prob-

no possible excuse for Incivility." The real trouble in the Liberal Thus commences a remarkable party was not one of personalities,. memorandum which Brigadier- but due to this difference of out- General Sir William Horwood, look. Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, has issued ordering that it should be read on parade for three days and once a month for the next three months

It adds: "Politeness costs noth ing, but impoliteness lowers the standard of the force in the public estimation. Omcers dealing with infringements of the motor traffe regulations can easily carry out their duties firmly and civilly.

"I trust there will be no need again to draw attention to the mattor, which is essential for good feeling between the public and the police. Lacking this, police duties would be nearly impossible."

"Polite as Possible." The document came as a bomb- shell to all ranks. One official de clared that civility was not such a serious matter as the memorandum suggested. The chief trouble was

want of tact. The circular was intended as a reminder that des- pite modern hustle and the ten- ! dency to irritability, the police-. man's best assets were courtesy and civility.

Mr. Edward Shortt, the ex-Home Secretary, believes that the police are the most civil men in the whole country. The fault, he says, lea with people who ought to know better not realising that the polier- man's duty is for the common and good. Short-tempered men women ought to refrain from mak ing ridiculous complaints.

Sir William Nott Bower, ex- Commission of City Police, saya that the police are as polite ná possible. "They deservo a pat on tho back," he adds. "Thoy have most important duties, and they: perform them well,"

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