1924-08-30 — Page 12

GUST 30 1024.

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Ficot-8.S. "SILVERELM" loaves here about 1st. Sept.

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For freight, paco and particulara apply to

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AGENTS

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NOTICE.

FLOOD PROBLEM.

Afforestation the only Remedy. The Tsingtao correspondent of] the Daily News North -China)

C. E. WARREN

& CO., LTD.

SANITARY-ENGINEERS,writes

MONTMENTALISTS, &c. OFFICE31D, Wyndham St. Tel. c. 269 j Hongkong." ESTIMATED FREE for comploto SANITARY

"It is impossiblo, as 1 havo aald on Hoveral forinor occasione, but I wish to repost it again, to lay too much stress upon the onormone importance of roaffore- station," said Mr. D. Y. Lin, the chief of tho. Agricultural and Forestry Department of the Go- vornmont of Kinochow Territory, in an interview with the writor. Mr. Lin's opinions wore sought in connexion with the presónt flood Specialists in Monumetal Work situation in North Chios, and

INSTALLATIONS.

HOT WATER SYSTEMS-&c.

cut from

what he said was not only-con- vincing but is deserving of wido. ITALIAN MARBLE-POLISHE-D-and/or proad attention in this suntry FINE PUNCHED HONGKONG GRANITE."The detorloration of the various rivors in China and specially of these in Chihli province, would never have reached its provont stage if deforestation had notf taken place. I say specially the rivers in Chilli province because they take their rise in the moan- tuins wost of the Poking-Hant-

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"While in Tientsin during the mouths of November and Decem ber 1917," aid Mr. Lin. "I had the opportunity of going through the flooded sections of the city,, and it was a terrible sight, indeed. The boutmon who took us around through the flooded streats would point out to us the highost marks) Jade by the flood wator on the different walls, and also tell us. that millions. wore rodere i homeless, that thousands had. perished, and that collins word) see iluating in the flooded aren.] The country which was undor crop ready for the harvest was then 4 groat inland was with hoals plying between points or islands formed by rising ground, The damage done to crops, and houses, and the loss caused by stoppage of trudo, Interruption of rallway traffic on thePeking-Han- kow and Tientsin-Pakow rull- Ways 71101 into millions of dullars." ildre Mr. Lin emphasized the importance of systematic afforestation. So long sa China pays no attention to this important question, so long will the country be not! immune from floods,

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HOW FORESTS HELP. Mr. Liu said that from their relation to stroamflow and soil) erosion, ono could readily too the relation of forests to floods. all domuded mountains, a heavy rait is generally followed by the formation of a systém of gullies. These gullies begin a short distanco bolow the divide and thonform lines of least resistanco to tho passage of water. As these Kuilios or furrows extend down the slope, they join neighbouring furrows and becomG rapidly wider and doopor until large gullion of many foot dcop formed. Where hills ATU thoroughly drained by a sys- tem of guillies, the water Front 1 storm will sweep down through them in a fraction of the fine that would be required if it had to trickle down in a; thin sheet or amidst vegetable obstacles. Now the main channel is unable to inelarge tho influx of water as fast as it rushes down, the result is a flood. The high rate of run off, which

characteristic of Mtrous ja sponge and third, the network arising from denuded bills and of deeply penetrated rocks, living mountains, enables them to carry soil more porous and permeable; and decayed, make the forest an onormous amount of silt and

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boulders of extraordinary sizo, hence the water sinks into it The transporting power of water more roadity. It is evident that varies as the sixth power of its the ability of the forest to check velocity, so that if the velocity surface run-off is groutont when of a stream sincreased ten times the forest is donse and, when the for instance, its transporting ground beneath it is covered with power is increased a million an unbroken leaf litter. timos. This is why, in the case

Furthermore, it must bo borne in of Chihli rivers, they speak of

mind, that whon stones and boulders of large sizes water is proalpitated from tho carried down to the foot of clouds, a portion of it is pre- monataine, and of the enormous voted from roaching the ground quantity of silt brought down to through intercoption by the raisu the buds that have alrendy troos. This intercopted portion Juaves, bronchor and trunko of boon silted up.

The problem of flood in varios according to thotreospecies Chilli, therefore, is fundamon and the dongity of the woods. tally a forest problem," con- According to Bavarian investiga- tinued Mr. Lhi. Ations, it averages 23 per cent. of wystematic programmo of re-the total rainfall. So after a rain, forestation will have to be carried we often. find that water con- out bofore the problem of silt,tinuos to drop from the leaves the problem of unrestrained run-and twigs for hours.

of rainfall, and problem of resor "It impossible to lay too voire, of dikos and outlets ban be much stress upon the unormous permanently solved.

importance of roafforestion."

Mr. Linion quoted what! sovoral authorities had to say in roferonco to forosts and floods.

-SOME-PACTS

· "NEW" CAISSON,

~This Yovörsiblo stoel floating. "The reasons why the forest caisson for tho Buoz Dry Dock, to is able to chook surface runoff the order of the Khudival Mall and save portions of it to the soll Steamship and Graving. Dook aro, ho said, first, the trunks and Company, Ltd., recently manu- the underbrush in the forest factured by Messrs: Francis offor mechanical obstruction: Morton

Company, Ltd., second, the littor of the forest Hamilton Ironworks, Garston and floor shocks rapid surfaco dřeíu- shipped to Egypt, has now boon ago of the water and also note as completed and put to work.

and

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11

PHONE CENTRAL No. 11-16;

29, WING WOU S