TYPHOONS.
THE HONGKONG `TELEGRAPH;"
seven inches into half inch exceedingly simple system, a few squares.. Write North on the glimpses into the past, detailed top. South on the bottom, and happenings which may each be East and West on the right and "figured out" by and with the
system, may not be amiss, but!
Signs, Yarns, and a System.Left respectively.
BY “TIFUNITIS.
In the nineties, shipmasters, in the China seas were not, so well provided for, in the matter of storm warnings, as "they are to-day.
1
Then Hongkong depended upon four symbols denoting a ty phoon N. S. E. or West, red for over 300 miles distant and black for less than 300 miles. For the rost. the men that go down to the sou in ships had to judge for themselves by sky-signs, and
12271
swell, barometer direction of the wind,
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Signs.
Now number the vertical lines, before commencing these, a top and bottom, commencing at simple method of "visualizing" the loft. from 100 to 127 to re-typhoon may be quoted. present degrees of longtitude. Fill a round wash basin with; Then the horizontal lines must be water, slightly dirty, give it, the numbered on either side from the waiter, a left-handed swirl, then bottom upwards, 13 to 37, re-take out the plug. The appear- presenting degrees of latitude, ance of the surface gives the nec each degree equals 60 miles. essary impression
Where 22 grosses line 114 place) a large dot, name it" Hongkong," and the chart is complete.
The Compass-typhoon.
19
Again, when crossing a busy thoroughfare, such as. Des Voeux Rd., from the Hongkong Hotel te! the Post Office about North any wise pedestrian looks care- Making the compass calls for fally, to his detrene, right before a little more care and detail, but stepping out from the font path!, in the making its simplicity be-So with a typhoon - facing the comes clear to the critical reader. Northwind, the storm should be A circular card 3 inches in on one's extreme right, or East, diameter, is divided into '16 equal(So on all round the compass. The two first of these signs sections and each point of its were for the most part observed outer edge marked with each
What a Swell 'Told. well in advance of the approach-second point of the compass, that The uriling of the swell sign is ing storm, whilst the latter puiris, commencing with North go illustrated in the following: were closely watched, | simul-around to the right with N.N.E." The old-Douglas Stéanier Tha- taneously, and gave a slow but N.E. EN.E. East and so on.fles, in 1900, made one of her cus- sure warning. At times, however, Bave the North polat very" profiomurg trips from Fönchow un this pair worked all too swiftly minent, und abetmark "it" Top of Amoy, during which fine weather to give ample, time li gel pris | Compuiss.“. The Bast point and a perfectly cansea was ex- «perly prepared for the unwelcome | should also be extra large and perienced. Had any swell ́ ́ex- visitor, in which case Providence | marked" Top of Typhoon. isted, the Thales would have-mh- played a large part in the unequali „Jigght which fallused...
Those two tops when in usenounced it by calling on the auätise puidated Luxwards the top slichiest provocntian! or North of the chart, as will he While in Andy, the Company S
Dealing with the signs in the order pamed, it is common know.
explained later.
doctor made his usual ship visit ledge with most seafarers that
Now, half an inch inside the allout am and in the course of long trailing wisps of white cloud ledge, draw another circin which a conversation with the Chief matter rising from the North and, will serve to illustrate the "windy Officer, he suddenly asked,:; East, or small woolly like tufts edge" of a typhoon.
"Where
the typhoon?" breaking away from a heavy mass In the centre, a small gircle." Nowhere that I know of said perhaps later changing lure quarter inch in diameter, becomes the Chief Officer. “Then“, askud wispy, or, as they are sometimes the centre of the stormi and is the doctor, "Where is the swell calledmares tails." invariably marked "Caim
coming from? Look at the har foriell the formation of a circular- Between that and the inside]bour.""" The Chief-looked "over storm or typhoon" These signs large circle, shading" may be the rail and saw the "swell.dl have been observed in Hongkong introduced, faint at the outside, right, de ang otherwise smooth as much as Seven or eight days and increasing tu aðmost black at surface. before a plum has ghi close the edge of the centre,
The
The barometer had been norinal cnough to be considered a possible Semblance of a defthand swirlap to 10 am about 29.70, No visitor...
may be introduced into the|"Märele tails" had been noticed. The.Secund
sign, neen swell, shading and a few small arrows, but there was the swell, sure will not be seen in the China Sea pointing from rigid to left, "or enough. as long as the typhoon is on the against the hands of a Plock. At 4 pin." the barometer was other side of Fomusa or the would help one to appreciate the 29.60, nothing unusual in its fail Philippine Islands, except in the make believe "typhoon **- Apart The Thales left for Swatow at vicinity of the Bashee and Balin-from the compass,
that time, a light 8.5.1. wind tang Channels, which lie between
-As half an inch dh. the chart prevailing bad the swell and wind the Two" also. on reaching means fit miles so the compass, increased as she proceeded tothe the North and of Formosa, & now coniplete represents from the S.E.
tl ་ -
Ware
typhoon outside that Island will aner shading to the middle, a Once clear of the outer-har- Send a swell abriss to ghe China¦ryphoon 240 miles in diameter, hour, the wind and sea
Coast, while the Formosa Channel Fincluding its CALM centre of a found uncomfortable, the baro-l itself would be comparatively quarter of an inch diameter, or meter had dropped it should calm. 1 is fairly sure then, that 30 miles,
a well in the China sea or the Formosa Channel is caused by either a typhong having crossed over them, de formed Incally,
The barometer signs are simple, fall taking place on the approach |
How to Operate. Bring now equipped with Hong
kong on a chart, a compass, and
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a typhoon, the rest is simple.
Given a Storm's approximate
of a storm, and a rise as it moves position and progressive motion, further away!
have been rising from 4 (6.10) To'elock To 29.30.
+!
To steer towards Swatow, S. 6 joints to the right, would have been risky, so back he went to Amoy puter harbour, anchoring there at 7 p.m. A 10 pm. he' low was over and Swalow was reached at noon the next day,
Two Wise. Skippers. In 189-something, two Sing- should pecur agi vice versa, 20 Having the compass Nup, pore traders, ahe an old grick, that, if the fail does not stop at pin is stuck through its centre came within 300 miles of Hong four o'clock, the absence of rising and into the dot typhoon posi-Kings when a long rolling swell means a further fall, and also vice [tion). A line extended from the warned then of something
pin through the compass pointing" A falling barometer
or direction, the former is dotted I must be remembered that bu-n the chart where the Latitude! tween the hours of four o'clock (say N 18) and Longitudo (say and ten o'clnek a natural rise E (17) meet...
Versi.
The wind is the fourth and corresponding to the direction and NW wind decided them hotli 'most imporaneof the signs, as it given in the signal, or Weather to act, one taruig completely indicates at once the direction Report, will show how far off back on his course, with engines from which the sterni, is ap Hongkong, and whether Fast or slow, for twelve hours the other preaghing. This does not mean West of it, the blow should pass, standing in to the cast for shel- that the position of the typhoon is 1 if its position is correct, for its ter if necessary. Whilst thus indicated, but that it is some-direction does not alter.
engaged, a mail and passenger boat passed them on its way to Hongkong.
"
where on a given line. Neither] Any subsequent position or does it mean that the direction of direction given will be similarly the storm's advancement is as handled and on working back- sured. That may be either towards - a fair idea may right or left of Hongkong, and to obtained as to the accuracy of put it simply, the wind is previnarse position -and or, direr- shifting to the right, the storm istion. going to pass to the left.
Of Given a certain position of
course, then, the blow passing to typhoon, a certain, wind must |
the right will be indicated by the obtain in Hongkong
a fortnight or so, to be put ship shape again before resuming fier
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Two days later, the erock and his companion Steamed ato Hongkong, intact, and found that the mail boat had been then bự three hours% But the typhoon had beaten the mail bout to piocery Everything, movealile on her decks-boats, stampipes, wind shifting to the left, while Keeping the compass centre winches ete-had been smashed or the wind blowing from the Sanwinned to the da, move the ward twisted out of recognition. Pas- direction all the time and the in- round one quather of its cireum-sengers had been intened down creasing violence and frequency feroned in the left thus bringing for twenty-four hours, and pitched of the squalls means that the the East point to the Top. The bon like helpless pippers. They typhoon is travelling straight on shaded portion has now become and the mail were transferred to the given line towards Hongkong, typhoon, and a line. From the pin the next hoas going North, their It is generally recognised that Hongkong will pass, through old ship remaining in Hongkong, the Chinese trading jonkmen and or close to, a point of the compass fishermen, who
are frequent which must correspond with the ly niet far out of sight of land. wind prevailing a Hongkong if voyage. "rely entirely on the first two of within the radius of the circular
these signs, particularly the storm. second, and they seldom fail to
The previous remarks on shift- keep a weather eye" lifting for ing winds can now be utilized the fourth and boat it" with the "typhoon" card. for shelter in good time while Place its centre where line the "going is good." always ens line 118, that is, 240 miles provided the storm is not one of East or to the right of Hangkong those rapid travelling ones such (keep the East" point up). The as visited Hongkong recently | wind, it will be soon, must be with such disastrous results. In North at Hongkong?" such ovent any unfortunate The wind changes to N.W., tog caught out at sea has only to the left. Where has the typhoon trust in Providence, a staunch gone? To the right, of course, ship and good seamanship.
Move the typhoon card up of Hongkong, on the morning of and, under the circumstance- wards until the point NW is Thursday, Oct. 4th 1894.
the possibility of not being able directed towards Hongkong-the
Up the China Sea, favourable to get a pilot being of utmost in With the aid of a homemade real typhoon is somewhere, winds had for a few days, follow-portance he decided to stand chart, a compass card and make that line, more or less distanted by a calm, in the course out to sea, E.S.E. straight to believe typhoon combination, according to the barometer, or, if of which an ominous swell wards the typhoon." and the foregoing re wind it no barometer is available, accord-rolled across from the direction should be fairly simple for ing to the force of the wind, of the Philipines. Then about ship" and thereafter re even the uninitiated to form a decreasing or increasing reasonably accurate opinion as to
The System.
Had she not tried to pass across the path of the approaching ty: phoon she would have arrived earlier, than he did and escapėd such a trying experience,
Ascertain what is do the right before--crossing the road!
Of Two Evils. Whether he would chance l- driven ashore or go out and typhoon was the problem which faced the Captain of a large sailing ship, about 60 miles S.E.
Should the wind shift to the falling
ROBIN HOOD
IS
COMING
from falling off into the rough
of the enormous seas, and rolling | her masts out, or herself under,
Daylight on the strevealed the clear water of yesterday hav ing changed to a muddy colour Rainin torrents, the sea lashed. into blinding spray or spume, it was not possible to secca hun-
At 8.an it was "all hands
barometer and NE ducing sail to the increasing wind the possibility of a mild attack,[right, or N.E., reverse the fur wind, freshening, called for until nightfall, until only two dred yards away.
decision. The Chief Mute knew necessary sails remained unfurl- sovero mauling, from a going. If it remains stationary the coast a little, and advised ed. That night was a terror typhoon, and to tako, necessary at North, look out for the centre.
the both the sails were blown to rugs, precautions,
Being now quite clear on the keeping on NN.W. for To make the chart, rule a sheet tracks of a typhoon, and "the Cust entrance to Hongkong. The and a tarpaulin in the mizzen of paper, about nine inches by method of working with this Captain did not know the coast, rigging helped to keep the ship
or
EL
fathoms, a little later it was 10 A cast of the lead gave 12
fathome.
(Continued on Paye 11)
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