1921-09-10 — Page 2

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TELEGRAPH.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 1921.

THE NEW GOVERNMENT | fully influenced and, in certain res-

OF CHINA.

The Republic and Yuan Shih-kai.

pects, determined by the polley and activities of Yuan Shih-kai, whose election to the Presidential office was, in the first instance, mainly due to the patriotism and singular self-sacrifice of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The latter had been elected President of the Republic, but he did not hesitate to resign 43 3200 as it appeared that the Nation's peace and unity as a Re- public might be hastened by the In the last article, a way of sp-felavation of Yuan Shih-kal to the proach to the Chinese situationhigh-office

The following is the second of the series.of articles on the Chinese situation, which is being written by Mr. Eugene Chen for the Canton Inform ation Bureau.

дола

was found by envisaging China It is now admitted that Dr. Sun as an organism whose environ-Yat-sen erred greatly in resigning ment or conditions of life had

office in favour of Yaan Shib-kai. vitally altered. And the problem By that act, as events soon proved, of 1911-12 was shewn to be ene he handed the Republic to a man of re-adjusting the life of China whose piwerful mind was, in cer to the new surroundings which had rein matters, more mediaeval than been created by foreign inter-

even that of the Manchus and who coures and the pressure of econe was possessed of an ambition of a mic and diplomatic factors intre-

sort not uncommon in the duced by the methed first applied moral type of mea in a Napoleon, by the Treaty of Nanking. On this for instance, -Why is there an line of thought, the Republican enormous cult of Napoleon," Mr. solution demanded by Dr. Sun H, G. Wella naka somewhere in his Yat-sen was seen to be the true Outline of History, "his very dif- and only practicable alternative ciencies bring cut starkly certain to a continuance of the Manchu qualities that ark suppressed and Emperer as ruler in circumstances hidden in us all. He was unham- which did not cancel the certainty.pered..

He was, as few or at least the probability, of anmen are or dare to be, a scoundrel, eventual return to the old political bright and complete." dispensation. It was rightly de- cided to sterilise this risk. And

❤

This is not the place to de- termine whether Yuan

WAS

from one man's "dream" the Chi-Napoleonic in the precise sense of nese Republic became the chief the strong language used by Mr. political reality of a natien num-Well, But there appears to be bering 400 million people.

A Law of History,

no doubt that he followed the Napoleonie precedent with adelity It is necessary to follow farther in certain points,o substance. this line of approach if the eventsAnd it is known that his eldest and developments of the past de-son, Yuan Ko-ting, was'a clése eade are to be studied as a veri-student of the career of the Well- rable part of the body of Chinese sian "scoundrel, bright and com- history and as the result of con-plete." Be this as it may, it was scitus men's work and action. Trot long before Yuan Shih-kai set view these matters as the outcome four to destros the Republic which of the meaningless activities of Dr. Sun Yat-sen had entrusted to more or less irrational beings, as his care and mbise safety and is implied in much of the criticism security be had publicly sworn to of dogmatic people like Mr. J. D. guard and defend. He did this P. Bland, is simply foolish, and in a series of arts, hailed at the

argues not

a little ignorance of time with some satisfaction by the

what lies disclosed on every page("Old China Hand" as Napoleonic of the history of freedom. You in decision and power. will search that history in vain for a precedent that is not "ou all fours" with the present case of

LONDON DIRECTORY OTHERS take your photos, but Cars viewed as a state-organism against when he directed not only

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Yuan Shih-Kai's Methods. Fle was, of course, opposed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his party

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great change, reaching down to

calumny. La particular. the lat- the roots of its being. has passed (tor suffered most from Yuon's through its phase of direct re-

Even to this day. pogrom of Hes adjustment without disorder and the epithets survive on the lips of profound disarray of its life. And people who have never seen or met what to the eye of the unthink Dr. San or who only know him

but chaos will becasually and quite ing seemə

imperfectly. Kreater the more real and deeper But it is enough that he was dubb- the change.

ed a dangerous dreamer or vision Here it may be prudent to inary, a disappointed agitator or terpose a word of explanation lest an extremist, or worse by Yuan's the pundits who are wont to shout agents. He continues to be at "hcapable Young China" abused and calumniated in this should stray into a finical objec-sense by writers in the press, who Non. In arguing on the concep doubtless are quite respectable and tion of China as an organism. incapable of defaming or lying bear well in mind the settled fastabout an enemy. And the irony that a state is not an organism in of it all is that this unholy 2 the sense in which an animal is an work of Yuan goes on for no ap- organism. But it is like an or-parent reason whatever, except it ganism," as Professor Ernest Bar-be-which is hardly possible-to ker insists, with striking lucidity. insult the targe and increasing

it is not an organism because it body of

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Cables PNEUMATICS

1914-that

One was somewhat re-

sponsible is not a physical structure. It is among whom are not a few of the legally constituted in pursuance of to uphold and protect the Republic being whispered in. a mental structure-a calos.ofablest Chinese of the day and some the Fundamental Laws of the Chi- forced him to throw sundry Re- Chinese circles-the present writer He now moved publican raga over his mang pao. first heard it in the bonse of Mr. different minds in a common par of the men whose patriotism and nese Republic.

Within a month of his The text year and a half saw Liang Chi-chao in the opening But this, mental structure high sense of duty are recognised swiftly.

election in October, 1913, Yoan Yuan digging deep the foundations week of February Ike an organism, because they the nation at large. attainment of the common purpose For a time Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Shih-kai destroyed Parliament as of the Imperial structure which he Yuan was bargaining for the depend on the discharge of re-thers, who had detected the working institution by dissolving had set himself to raise on the Dragon Throne on the basis of the

Yat-sena party, the ruins of the Republic. His select Demands, ciprocal functions by the different treasonable aim of Yuan Shih-kai. Dr. Sur

It is in this sense that failed in the immediate purpose of Kuomintang, and suspending its ed moment was the late summer of minded of the sale of the Roman perts." [ arctic here.

their pposition against him. This members from discharging their 1915, within a few weeks of the Empire afte the last of the A-

duties. This signing of the treaties based on tonines. Sun Yat-aun and Yuan Shih-kai.

failure was due less to Yuan's in Parliamentary

Two Faci Now, while this view of China as herent strength than to the inter-Suspension inflicted aphasia on Japan's Twenty-one Demands. In

History will decide if this story an organism functioning in the vention of the Great Powers in the Parliament:-it was left without this connexion there is a signficant

30 January, and sinister story. When the be true or not. In the meantime, midat of an altered environment shape of the gold yielded by the quorum--and on

presented in the two facts may be set down on necessarily implies the existence Re-organisation Loan of 1913 and 1914, a mandate was issued which, Demands were

Yuan Shih-kai re- of disorders during the phase of international recognition of the in effect, decapitated the legisla preceding January, the Japanese record here.

Yuan was now free to had hinted that acceptance would faved to make public the re-adjustment, it must be pointed Republic, which had been withheld (tive body. out that the extent and the charac-pending his fresh election as Chief rule the country as the authentic facilitate recognition of Yuan as text of the Demands or boldly to auto-, founder of a new line of Emperors. appeal to the Great Powers in the ter of these disorders-during the Magistrate by the first and only successer of the Manchu

(Continued on Page 3.) decade now ending-were power-aa events have shown-Parliament cracy, although his violated ooth By the end of the month, it was

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