1920-05-07 — Page 3

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GERMAN ADMIRAL'S STORY.

FRIDAY MAY 7.

THE STRAIGHT STEN

NAVAL ARCHITECTS. VIEWS..

the"

great

the Board of Trade, Margo vor. public opinion seafaring opinian fshonki do all they can to support hinx. If he is wrong, po doubt that Department will speedily [bring him to book.

On August 30, 1917 (says Ad- A naval architect writes in the

By way of supporting Captain: miral. Schear in his view book), Journalof fummèrce as follows: Young's contention, suppose that The form of the stem of a ship a ship runs into a dock wall the Order pour le Merite was con- ferred on Captain Strasser (leader is obviously an important feature higher than the forecastjo bast. of the Zappelins that raided Eng in the design of a ship. It is not If the atom is sufficiently raked or if the speed is land): I took the opportun 13 of surprising then that the recent forwart handing him this distinction speech of Capt. A. F. Young suficiently low, the stem head Shipmasters dinnar will be thrust aft, whilst the personally to Captan at Štrasser's credit that he developed at Liverpool bas created underwater portion of the stem is deal of interest, quite uninjured. The writer) Coont Zepellin's invention” toa military perfection, and made the particularly among seamen, who knows of cases in which the stem airship a weapon of great effici-after all, should know far more head of a colliding ship with a ency, besides rousing the enthu about the most desirable form of spoon bow has been crumpled up. siasm of the crows of the airships stem that naval architects" "pro- but no damage to the ships by his example. He was the life vided both have the same powers underwater plating has resulted. and soul of the whole, and made of observation and judgment. Now going to the other extreme, overyone under bis command Shipmasters are the proper people that of a light warship with raking aft, or with share his conviction that airships to take up a question of this kind. Ja stem

ram bow (not a box for had a great future before them. One cannot from experience la He was particularly gifted in expect large financial trusts who rammingh, the result of a similar estimating meteorological condi-distribute their losses to take a collision will, or at least may be, that the damage is wholly below tions He had an almost pro- keen interest in such matters.

The writer, a naval architect, water. If the collision be between phetic instinet for the weather. How atten we have had to is somewhat diffident in prona-two ships it is clear that the apologise mentally to him when uncing definitely upon the ques-damage to the rammed ship in case may be entirely in apparently favourable weather tion at issue one way or another, the one the airships did not go out, for he because the conditions nece93i- above water, in the other it may Oa was always right, and shortly tating on one trade route the be entirely below water. afterwards there was invariably use of a straight stem, on another general grounds, therefore, the a change in the weather which ronte would permit a raked stem stem with a rake forward is better would have endangered the ships such as was suggested by Captain for the purpose in view, minimis and made their return impossible. Young Taking, however, the ing serious damage, than one But he recognise I no such thing denite issue Will the raked raked aft. The vertical stem is dithculties stem of a colliding ship do less one which has at least every as insurmountable the stranger the enemy's defence serions underwater damage than opportunity of doing damage grew, the more energetically did a straight stem?" there can be along its whole length, and only counter-me-no doubt whatever that the above water, but also below water. he concentrate on

In collisions the ships are! asures. Thus he sent his ships up answer is " yes."

Though the writer did not have rarely following a straight course. higher and higher, and ultimately they worked at an altitude of the good fortune to hear Capt. One or other is swinging under |6,000 metres --a beight which was Young's speech, it is presumed the action of the rudder or screw. considered impossible at the that his opinion was given in Generally also one or other, is beginning of the war. For this he answer to this question. Whether musing ahead with engines re- needed elbow-room and symp in order to bring this opinion into versed, and therefore largely out athetic cooperationin hintechnical greater prominence he introduced of control of the rudder, but still suggestions. His organisation of little local colouring such as is swinging under the influence of the airship service did not in-implied in the extraordinarily the screw. In general, therefore, mediately place him in such a framed questions to be put to the the blow is not wholly direct.

Only cases in which the stem position as to get his demands Shipping Controlleron the matter

to the point at all itself meets the side of the other satisfied quickly enough. Moreov-in co er, he was bampared by all sorts That may be described under the ship need be considered, and of of difficulties connected with heading of journalistic licence. these there are two. (1) Where the technical administration. Those Captain Young is right or wrong stam bead is above the deck of the in command of the Fleet, how-If he is right he seems to have other; (2) where the stem head is A forward-rated stem. ever, did not rest until the more conrage than the ordinary below. organisation had been changed so civil servant by trying to in the former, will meet Brst the that be could have free play influence public opinion to support region of greatest resistadre, viz., the conduct and development of him in pressing his view before at the upper shear strake, stringer the airship service.

CAPTAIN STRASSER'S

ENTHUSIASM.

plate and gunwale angles, älwass Lotzaiizer. He did not return a most strongly and stifly con- from this journey; his ship was structed portion of the ship. It Captain Strassar took part in the only one of those that took will eat its way through the side most of the airshipraids, although part in the raid that was shot plating and deck plating, encoun- permission was often given bim over England. Thus this leader tering considerable and increas. The loss of flowed his comrades- who hading resistance as the pentra- very grudgingly.

No underwater airships was su considerable that preceded him and to whom he had tion increases.

he done until I was always afraid that one of always given a glowing example damage will

side plating The value of airships as the

is ru! these dars he would not come, back, and he was too valuable to weapon has been much called into down to the water's edge. In the the airship service for such a risk.question In the beginning of the latter cas the stem head will But just because the difficulties war, when seaplane-flying was readily penetrate the side-plating were below the deck, but it will havƏ always grew, I had to admit that quite undeveloped, they

Their wide to tear the side plating in a hori- he was right in considering it indispensable to us. necessary use for himself what held of vision, their high speed zontal line as well as eat it in al conditions were like on the other and their great reliability when vertical line, and again will meet side, so as to judge what he could compared with the possibilities considerable though less resis demand of his crews and hus be of scouting by warship, phabledance.

** th: It has been contended that a could improve the clency of the airships to fend

But only raked stem at s as a raked knife, the ship.

Creates: asistance. An attack in October, 1917 in fine weather. So the Fleet had and so facilitates utting through brought about the loss of five to make its activities dependent the stem. This is quite true. 3 Spring airships out of the eleven which lon those of the airships, or do bat it also acts

by applying the load gradually set oui. This was due to surb without them. strong head wind setting in that WHY THE ATTACKS CEASED. and easing up the blow, quite four ships were blown far over A weakish flees needs scoats to possibly, as, probably to such an into France, and one. though it push as far in advance as extent as to revent damage lo reached Middle Germany, was possible: scouts, too, which can the underwater portion of the loat in landing. The six others, make observations without being hall. A vertical stem on the thanks to their timely recognition driven off. The airships could do other band receives the full force of the change in the weather this. The danger from aeroplanes required to stop the colliding conditions. cams home safely-only arose later, and was never ship along the whole length of The individual ships bad more very serious at sea: but over the the stem, and not first at a point than the usual d ficulty in deland it was extremely unpleasant, as the raked stem. The intensity to this the angles from the directing can mount more quickly than an distribution is much less, bat communicated 10 the. stations became very steep when seroplane, yet it bas far less it is the ships were over the South of chance of hitting its opponent, underwater portion of the hull England, and consequently the Ultimately the airships were for many feet below the waterline calculation of their positions was forced

up that and is always sufficient to destroy less accurate.

beyond it was

power the water tightness of the shell ZEPPS' PAINFUL SET-BACK. of human endurance (altitudes plating.

An important point to be borne Another very painful set-back of more than 6,000 m.) That for navigation by airships occur- meant the end of their activities in mind is that damage in the-- *** | red in January, 1918, when owing as an attacking force. But for oeighbourhood of the waterline to the spontaneous combustion far-reaching scouting they re-can be very easily attended in a of one of the airships in Ahlbóolm,tained their importance and their temporary fashion. because the the fre spread by explosion to superiority to other aircraft. for head of water is small, whilst to the remaining sheds. so that they can remain in the air mach rig a collision mat or to slop a four Zeppelins and one Schutt-longer and are independent of mush of water through a hole of Lanz machine were destroyed. assistance from other ships. But even moderate dimensions several All the sbeda, too, with one ex-the bigger they grew the rarer feet below water is extremely ception, were rendered useless. grew the opportunities, because difficolt and well nizb impossible. No. Without doubt. Capt. After this the Fleet had. for of the difficulties of getting ther

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the time being, only 9 airships out of the sheds, and later on of Young is right if he limits his Tel

suggestion strictly to the question at its disposal. From the autumn their landing.

The writer agrees of 1917 onwards, the building We have no reliable informa- put above. of airships had been restricted, tion as to the results of their with Messrs. Alfred Holt that the because the material necessary attacks. They were the first war- raked stem is certainly a means for the building of aircraft was engines which scared the English of reducing the damage from needed for aeroplanes. for the out of their feeling of security on collision. Whether a raked stem army. From that date only one their island, and they forced them of the rake they suggest can' ship was placed on order every to organise a strong defence. To always be applied will depend month. But even this did not judge by this, their visits must chiefly on terminal facilities. prevent us from repealing our have both regarded as a very ship with 20 feet freeboard at the attacks on England from time to considerable menace.

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stem will be increased in length? ARE YOU SATISFIED THAT time, though we had to be careful We may probably look upon about 6 ft., quite an unimportant

incur no further losses, so as the military career of the airship amount,

There is one feature about a not to be without airships for the as over and done with. But the scouting which was so important technical side of airship naviga-sharp raking stem which should for the other activities of the tion has been developed in such be mentioned. If the s'em head Fleet.

a high degree by our experience is below the deck of the struck On August 5, 1918, the airships in war that airship traffic in peace ship, and indeed in any case there of the Navy attacked England for times will derive great advan-is less possibility of the blowj the last time. Capt. Strasser tages from it, and the invention glancing, because the point of the was on board the "L 70," of Count Zeppelin will be pre-atem will stick, whilst the vertical the latest ship, commanded served as a step in the progress stem might slither along the

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