1919-08-18 — Page 3

COST OF LIVING.

SOME WORLD COM- PARISONS."

Washington, July 11.—The cost of living has gone up 109 per cent. in the United States, 107 per cent. in Canada, 133 per cent in Eng- land and 200 per cent in France since the beginning of the war, according to the results of an investigation just completed by economists of the War Trade Board:

The inquiry was begun soon ́after the signing of the armistica | in an effort to determine the effect of the war upon living costs in the United States and also in the principal European countries. Prices in all the leading industries in this country were analysed and a' comparative stddy was made of price fluctuations during the war in countries abroad. The results of what is said to be the most complete, and compreher-1 sive study ever made of the living-cost question are bow in the hands of the printer and will soon be published.

At the head of the investiga- tion was Dr. Wesley C. Mitchell of Columbia University. Work- ing with him were a number of the ablert younger economists of the country who had come to Washington during the war to serve in various capacities on Government war boards. Among them was Dr. Homer Hoyt, for merly of the university of Chicago, and a leading specialist with the War Trade and War Tadustries boards Dr. Hoyt spent a large part of last year investigating at first hand for the Government the rise in prices and the causes in a number of the leading industries of the country.

"Who is to blame for high prices" Dr. Hoyt was asked.

"Why ask me ?" he replied. The Senate is now hunting for the villain in Washington and millions of amateur sleuths are: trailing the master-villain who is committing thousands of outrages every day in every part of the world. Surely the monster cannot bave escaped from this world-wide posse."

Dr. Hoyt was reminded that many people seemed to agree on certain causes.

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only as much as the 1915 half dollar.

advanced on him, and how the expenses of the packers and the clothiers had also mounted. Thus "Do you realise what this it was evident that more money means? Money deposited in a had been pumped into circulation bank since 1915 has shrunk to and that it was no longer as one-half of its former value. it once was."

Endowments of our universities

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I suppose you mean the trusts "You see." continued Dryield half as much purchasing and the malefactors of great Hort." during the excitement of power as formerly. You must wealth," he replied. The war and battle we had been carry twice as much insurance to Department of Justice seems to constants climbing uphill to a give your widow the same pro think some

more trustbusting higher plateau of prices. We are tection. will prick the bubble of high prices now in the rarified atmosphere of "We have not yet become and drop us all down to the low the new price level and we cannot accustomed to the new price level. pre-war price levels with a thud. go back. We have almost vice The adjustment will not be per- Personally, I don't think the as much money in circulation as fect until every one gets about trusts are the main criminals, before the war, hence we are twice the

money income he They may be accessories, before receiving twice as much and received before the war. Thus the fact; they may have kited spending twice as much. The welfind labourersentitled to higher prices a notch or two upward, but everage man enjoys the luxury of wages; we see public utilities even the trusts are not big enough handling more bills. The store- demanding higher fares; we to hoist the prices of the entire keeper reports a larger volume witness the raising of rents. All industrial world up to their of sales and the money turnover of this is a part of the process of present high altitudes.

of every business has greatly adjustment to the new price Why, the scientists under Dr. increased. It seems as if all of level" Mitchell have tabulated the price were more prosperous, but "But what or who is to blame changes of 40,000 commodities in let us not be deceived. As a for all this ? ** the United States for the six matter of fact, our 1919 dollar "You can blame it on the years from 1913 to 1919. These will only purchase on the average Kaiser," replied Dr. Hoyt. scientific price investigators have half as many goods as the 1915 started the war and the war found that the average prices of dollar. The 1919 dollar is worth started the indation of prices." most of these 40,000 commodities have greatly advanced.. the average rise being 102 per cent. since 1915. The "increases are not thus attributable to boosting of prices by a few Trusts-the rise has been general for all com- modities. Furthermore, while pri ces in the United States have in- creased 102 per cent, prices in Canada have gone up 107 per cent, English prices. have advanced 133 per cent and French prices 200 per cent. These are prices in gold, not in depreciated paper. The advances of prices in Bolshevist paper money have, of course. been accelerated by the worthlessness of the aper.

"If it isn't the Trusts, who then?" "I have been doing some de- tective work myself," replied Dr. Hoyt "Let me tell you about it. I wanted to build a house. The contractor said it would cost about $4,000. I was astonished. The same house had cost $2,500 in 1915, 1 protested, but the con- tractor declared that his costs had all advanced. He showed me that his materials. hed in.. creased, that his labour costs had advanced 100 per cent. I de- termined to investigate. I visited cement, lumber and brick dealers. All told the same story and proved it. Wages-their principal item of expense-had doubled dur- ing the war. Then I wondered why wages had gone up, but the head of the house at which I was boarding in the capital told me why. She showed me how prices of food had doubled, too, so that the labouring man had to get double the amount of money in 1919 to maintain his 1915 stand- ard of living. Later I looked into nother matter, learned how *Larmer 5.4expenses had.

EARLIER. TELEGRAMS.

-NEW HUNGARIAN MIÑISTRY.

Berlin, Aug. 14.

The Achtahrabendblatt's" Budapest correspondent or August 1 writes: A new Ministry has been formed with Premier N. Lovaczi, Foreign Minister, Count Julius An- drasy, Minister of Agriculture, M. Szabo; Minister of War, M. Friedrich; Minister of Commerce, M. Garami; People's Wellare, M. Peidl, Education, M. Heszaur.

There is a hitch in the constitution of the new Hungarian Cabinet, the Socialists at the last moment refusing to join and protesting against the wholesale arrests of Communists, including eren women typists from the Government offices. Friedrich remains as Premier and Lovaczi as Foreign Minister. The others are extreme Conservatives.

Copenhagen, August 13.

A message from Budapest says the Public Prosecutor Announces that proceedings have begun against individuals charged with crimes during the Bolshevik Dictatorship. This is taken to mean that, Bela Kun and his associates will be charged with incitements to murder and robbery.

A

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London, Aug. 14.

In the House of Commone replying to a question Major General Secly announced that the Government intended to

- offer prizes aggregating 260,000 for the best commercial, types of seaplane and small and large aeroplanes. The paramount essential of commercial aircraft was safety which would be the governing feature of design of compet ing machines.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST CONFERENCE.

Faria, Ang: 13.

The International Socialist Congress has come to an end Papers state the only object of the International, was tourd.” Germany £. Bódialiam from being chai tont cosmopolitaán finance, one instrument of German"

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EARLIER TELEGRAMS.

GERMAN CONSTITUTION.

Berlin, August 13.

The new Constitution has been promulgated. Herr Bauer is appointed Imperial Chancellor of the National Assembly, hefceforth styled the Reichstag. while the Federal Council replaces the States or Federal Committee. A decres by the Imperial President orders all officials and members of defence forces to take an oath of constitution.

Weimar, Aug. 14.

The President has announced to the National Assembly that the Government, deferring to the general wish, has agreed to continue the name "National Assembly" but with the rights and duties of the Reichstag. Herr, Erzberger said if the Entente tried seize the yield of distress offering, sa the levy on property is styled, he would ask the National Assembly to cancel the levy.

MORE TROUBLE AT CAIRO.

Cairo, Ang 12

The tramway service is entirely suspended owing & strike. Bits-drivers have also struck. It is feared railway- men and waterworks employees will strike and re- crudescence of the Nationalist agitation is expected.

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