1919-07-03 — Page 2

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would be among the first co tries to welcome the ides miện League of Nations, Holland's history and traditions both point that way. From the land which gave Hugo Grotius and Bynker shook and Tobias Asser to the world scarcely another attitude was to be expected: Authors like Professor Vollenhoven, who is in Washington now, who several years before the outbreak of the war had. advocated an interna- tional police force as a necessary. complement to the Hague Court of Arbitration to enforce its vardicts and to punish every offender against the international law, had followed up the course. these other international jurists had shown..“

LEFT OUT NEUTRALS. It was, therefore, obvious than Holland hailed President Wil son's fourteen points with great enthusiasm as soon as they were enunciated. Not only because they were in unison with Holland's own internatioh ideals bus also because Hollaasimal country which had seen the war pass its very doors, was ready to do anything in its power to render a repetition of these

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be led, now or in some distant and disputes. I believe that with- futtire, by sympathies or antipsin 15 or 20 years the US. will be It was a reason for grenegatthies which may be quite suff called upon to save the world. that the Powers in Paris decided icient to decide their verdict in a The object of Mr. Morgenthau's to take the matter into their own given case, without bearing the speech was to urge the young

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not allow others to share their deliberations. But Holland res lised that the League of Nations was being made such an in- trinsical part of the peace negotiations themselves that the presence of the neutrals, or of some of them, would have bee" á drawback on many an sion.

occa-

Notwithstanding these intrin- sically pacifist proclivities the Dutfit, press and public opinion, aftarving taken due cognizance of the covenant of the New World, have commenced to mingle some criticisms with their words of praise. Some papers argued that in the weightest aspects the covenant did not differ materially from the "Stop-Look-Listen treaties," so that it seemed hardly

worth while to build up a great new organization for reaching practically the same end which it had been possible to achieve by. enlarging the scope of the Hague Court of Arbitration and. by rendering more general under the supervision of the court, the conclusion of other similar treaties between all the countries of the civilised world or by making it obligatory to 'all and every State to conclude a similar treaty with all other Powers.

Other critics held the view that the chief innovation which the covenant brought was the institu- tion of the Permanent Council, and that this item was hardly reassuring to the small Powers, because so great a discretionary power has been put into the hands of the Big Five, who are already so very powerful.

One of the papers, the very gedate Ninus van den Dag, of Amsterdam, pointed out that the Big Five are already so VERY powerful that they are in a posi- tion to impose their will upon the whole world by sheer force and material power. Why, the paper asked, should the world grant them the moral power of baing both the legislators and the judges of the whole world at the same time?

One of the most brilliant Dutch writers of the second half of the nineteenth . century, Douwes Dekker (better known under his pseudonym "Multatuli"), once stated in his cynical way that voting by majority amounts. practically to saying:

"If we had fought we would have won, so you had bitter give in and let's skip the fighting."

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Big Five, who do possess the material preponderance at any time, do not only claim the pre- ponderance by vote for themselves but that they do claim, and, do assign to themselves also, the permanent majority in all

matters? Why should they have ten votes in the Permanent Council, all other Powery shoring five votes between them?;

capt and sig

other Powers who do not share selves physically fit for the future. those sympathies, or their He has been visiting the battle- contrary,

fields in France and the occupied

In case of a future confice the fares with Mrs. Morgenthau, and line of the world's conduct is not during his speech referred to the defined by the parties who are to wounds of France as seen around be forced to stake their all in an Lens, Peronne, and Arras, and armed conflict and who might spoke of them as still crying for

(Continued on Page 3) Frestitution.

!

EARLIER TELEGRAMS.

THE ALLIES AND TURKEY.

Paris, June 16.

The Grand Fizier, Damad Ferid, presented the Turkish case to the Council of Ten on June 17 and disclaimed the He did responsibility of the Ottoman people for the wAL not attempt to palliate Tuzikosh misdeeds at which the world, would shudder for ever, but declared that the Unionists who seized power in 1913 were solely responsible. They massacred Moslems equally with Christians, condemn- ing to death three million Moslems of whom hundreds of thousands were still wandering shelterless in Asia Minor. Ferid claimed that the Ottoman people should be judged by its history, not by a single unfavourable period. He said the trial of Unionists in Constantinople proved the respon sibility of the Unionists and rehabilitated the Ottoman Empire and cation which benceforth by intensive economic and intellectual culture would strive to become a useful factor in the League of Nations. He requested the termina tion of the occupation of Ottoman territories and the maintenance of the status que Ottoman Empire with a new frontier line for Thrace securing the defence of Adrianople and Constantinople. He said fresh dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire would entirely upset the balance of the

Eazi

The Allied reply on June 23 points out that Damad Ferid does not attempt to excuse or qualify Turkey's crimes. including massaeres, whose calculated atrocity was ampre cedented in histroy. The Council does not doubt that the present Government of Turkey disapproves of the policy of its predecessors on the ground both of expediency and morality but the nation must be judged by its rulers. The claire to complete territorial restoration however was also based on an appeal to Turkey's history. The Council, while admiring the excellent qualities of the Turkish people cannot admit these include the capacity to rule alien races. The experiment, has been tried too long and too often. Nowhere in Europe, Asia or Africa is there a case where the establishment of Turkish rule has not resulted in the dimination of prosperity and the lowering of culture. Nowhere is therà a case where the withdrawal of Turkish rule has not resulted in a growth of prosperity and rise in culture. Everywhere among Christians in Europe, Moslems in Syria, Arabia and Africa the Turk has destroyed wherever he cqnouered The obvious coo clasiod is that since Turkey, without the least excuse or provocation deliberately attacked the Eatente Powers and bra been defeated she has imposed on the victors the heavy duty" of determining the destiny of the various populations of hor heterogeneous Empire. This dut the Allies desire to carry out in accordance with the wishes of the permanent interests of the populations themselves. The Council regrets Darad Ferid's appeal to supposed religions rivalries.

THE LABOUR CONFERENCE.

The Labour Conference unanimously passed a resolution proposed by Mr. Bassy Macdonald urging the speedy admission of Germany to the League of Nations and the immediate cision by the League of clauses of the Treaty which are inconsistent with the conditions on which the armistice was concluded. It also passed a resolution favouring the conscription of wealth.

London, June 26. In the House of ommons at question time Mr. Shortt said that the six Fren delegates to the Southport Con larends were detained pending enquiries. They were sabequently allowed to proceed but two preferred to retam to France Detention due to allegations which it was Green absolutely

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