1919-02-24 — Page 3

WOMEN AND INDUSTRY.

FUTURE RESETTLEMENT OF

WORKING CONDITIONS. Mrs. Henry Fawcett, LLD. writes I am not one of those who believe that there will be overwhelming difficulties in the way of resettling the conditions of industry for women after the

war,

Many people talk as if the whole female population was first industrially employed after August 4, 1914. This is, of course, absurdity. According to the census of 1911 there were than nearly 6,000,000 women and girls in England and Wales working for wages; more than half of the entire female popula- tion between the ages of 15 and 95 was working industrially; at the most-employed age 70 per cent, were thus occupied,

If Scotland and Ireland are added, and allowance is made for the increase of population since 1911, the number of wage-earning women was probably, even before the war. 7,000,000.

The additional number of women employed since the war, and in consequence of the war, is estimated to be about 1,250,000

that is to say, that the 7,000,000 women industrially employed be- fore the war have grown since to 8,500,000. This increase does not appear to me to represent a for- midable difficulty which will have to be overcome, but rather a wholesome and natural way of enabling the nation to rebuild its industrial and financial strength when ordinary industrial life is resumed.

SERYDOM TO FREEDOM. The value of women's industrial work during the war has been warmly acknowledged on every side. Notwithstanding the with- drawal for military purposes of at least 6,000,000 men, the flower of the industrial population, the total productivity of the nation did not diminish-it increased during the

War.

One of the factors of that in- crease was the entry of the add- itional number of women workers. just referred to, but more espacial- ly was it due to the suspension dur- ing the war of the Trades Union embargo upon women's labour.

During the war, and in conse- quence of it, the industrial woman has passed from arfdom TO “TEGU OTO 10 the Industrial world.

constant

Instead of being hampered by "verbotens." готе typical of German than of Eng- lish social life: women for the first time found themselves free to take up nay, found themsel ves encouraged and praised for taking up any industrial work which they

were capable of performing.

They were no longer paid the starvation wages of the pre-war period, but "good money," which enabled them to live well, put money into the War Loans, and thus have something for a rainy day. Every one agrees that this change has been accompanied by better social conditions in other

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STORIES OF THE NATIONS.

shrunken into the mere kingdom of Syria. Bus Antioch, the capital, still remained one of the HOW ROME SPREAD INTO.great seats of Greek culture and one of the greatest cities of the world.

ASTA.

:

Thus the Romans became really Four distinct and separate ware covering the years from masters of all western Asia, al- 213 B. C. to 146 B. -were though according to their custom fought by the Romans before they they didn't at once take part of subdued the Macedonians and the land for themselves. Rome And at the same strengthened its allies by apport- the Greeks. time, in several instances, the ioning among them the lands the

wars Seleukid king gave up.

But by Romans were waging

and 133 B. C. the Roman people were the Phoenicians against

This shows with "willed" many lands in Asia and other enemies. what unconquerable determins the greater part of these were tion Rome hewed her way to made into a Roman province. supreme command of the shores of the Mediterranean.

Macedonia and Greece formed fur the the Government is called upon easy stepping stones

Ronians to meddle in the affairs promise given to Trade Unions in 1915 of Asia. The greatest of the that, if they would suspend

Macedonian kingdoms was that their embargo on women's work

of the Seleukid kings, which had during the war, all their rules and been reduced from the dimensions

of Alexander's conquests regulations, including the pro- hibition of female labour, should internal revolts until it had be resumed once the war was over.

respects.

But still the croakers will say that the difficulty will come when

to fulfil the

War.

by

This was called the." Province of Asia" and was the first province that Rome held beyond the Aegean. In this way Rome extended its sway into Asia, while the Roman rule of the Med- iterranean remained the same.

Now in all these wars-par- ticularly those with Carthage, Macedonia and Syria-Rome was struggling with enemies on some- thing like equal terms. For all The Labour party, including the were civilised states, and the There is no getting over this Trade Unionists, took a leading kings of Macedonia and those in solemn pledge. The Trade Unions part in securing political freedom Asia had maintained the military were strong enough to see to that. for women: and I canno: think discipline that had carried the It is embodied in the Munitions they will hold out perpetually in standards of Philip and Alexander of War Act, and is enforceable on enforcing again upon them the to triumph. Now came the time when Rome turned from spread. employers for one year after the loss of industrial freedom.

Moreover, it must be remem-ing to the East and the South and In a sense this Government bered that the presence of began to give attention to her pledge would make the after-war women in industries from which growth toward the West.

In the West and Romans found industrial position of women they were formerly excluded, is worse than it ever had been by no means the only industrial & totally different civiligation and before. Because formerly women change which the workers will method of defense and offense. were kept in industrial serfdom have to take into consideration. For to the the west of Rome the by the rules and regulations of During the war, in order to hands were occupied by the fore private societies, but the Govern maintain industrial efficiency and fathers of the chief nations of ment pledge would keep them out a high outpat, old-fashioned modern Europe, they were only been scrapped brave barbarians. Her first con- of all the better paid employments machinery has by Act of Parliament. It is im- and new industrial organisation quest naturally was of those who poesible to contemplate that this introduced which has simply held the lands on the Mediterran- ean side of the Alps, which are will really be done.

revolutionised industry, No one can know anything of This is one of the main causes now reckoned part of Italy. In leading Trade Unionists without of the increased productivity of those days those lands were having deep respect for them. the country during the war. And called Cisalpine Gaul. They have built up the standard it is essential for the financial and

As has been told, the Gauls Rome, but were of living of their whole class in a commercial well-being of the once overran

driven back, Later they had imanner which has benefited not country that this high productivity themselves alone but the entire should be maintained after the helped the enemies of Rome in efforts to defeat her. So Rome at

nation.

HEROIC EFFORTS.

war is over.

I suggest, therefore, that, at an the time to which we now give Tha: we are not more a C 3 early date, a renewed conference attention, had driven the Gauls nation than we are is due to the should take place between the over the Alps and possessed all heroic efforts of men Trade Trade Unionists and the Govern the land of Italy for her own.

But now Rome turned her eyes Unionists through generations of ment, that no attempt should be effort and stuggle. They took, as made by the latter to withdraw or westward and began to look I believe, a wrong view about the minimise the importance of the beyond the Alps. By Albert

necessity for industrial freedom

for women, but in this they erred,

as thousands of politicians erred

for many long year in denying

pledges given to Trade Unionists, Barrett Sayres.

but that some arrangement should

be arrived at, satisfactory to both sides, in view of the new industrial

political freedom to women situation which has emerged in

consequence of the war.

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24; 1919.

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