1917-07-07 — Page 9

TURKEY'S TIME OF CRISIS.

2

the opinion both of the Tarka and

THE HONGKONG & TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1917..

REBUILDING FRANCE.

Records Gone.

variably understate the facts. The regrete this blunder andexzosis | este of the British colony wary human and un-Christian. Greed, realrain and deter the enemy and vast mare of the Turkish popula the previous order.”

thoroughly. The American Am- læet, revenge, and desire of con- to make him repent is the first tion is now absisting on the The "police subordinate who bassador is on excellent terms quest are not the inspiring mo- and last law of self-defense. The verge of starvation. The misery blaudered was an invention of with the Taikich authorities, and tires of reprisal, therefore the enemy attacks us with bons and which revails 21 Constantinople the department, anxions to find his tactful intervention often moral responsibility is not the arrows; we repel him with Boundary Lides Obliterated and

same in the reply as in the stronger bows and arrows; he attacks us with rifles; we repel Life in Constantinople To-day, mong the middle and working an excuse to capitulate to the prevents internments.

Quite recently the Turks, at attack. classes ia heart-breaking; while storm which the original order

Paris, May 5-Such preliminary conditions inland, owing to the provoked. The wives of Torkish the instigation of the Germans, I know the answer to this will him with better rifles; be attacke epidemice which prevail, are even aristocrate, Ministers and high decided to intern inland the be that the analogy of the crimin- with guns sad shells; we re- The following article to the worse. There is no cholera as Government officials threatened British Nonconformist minister al-and the law does not take pel him with bigger guns and mesenres as have been taken for Dasly News represents the *: Constantinople, and the admir to hold up the Bed Crescent are the most popular European in account of the innocent sofferer. shells; he attacks us with deadly the reconstruction of devastated Constantinople. The minister It will be argued that after a gasra; we repel him with yet regions in Franos have developed many difficulties, the, greatest of pressed views of a foreign official able' sanitary measure imposed on ing work in Turkey, the telephone who has had recent opportunity the city by the Germans bave girls threatened to strike, the was seised, conveyed across the criminal has committed a mar deadlier gases. If defensive wat of personally investigating the succeeded in keeping typhus post-fice gizle to leave the post- Bosphorus, and was on his way der and erasped from justice, we fare is right, this is right. The biob, particularly in the region everyday conditions of life in within cipee limits. The Gerefice, unless the offending order to an Asia Minor concentration do not think it right to seek out moral wrong lies with those who of the Semme and the Oise. mane, is to establish the boundary Turkey.]

mane tried to make the tramway was cancelled; and before two camp when the America Ambae his wife and children and take begin an adjust war, and with recently evacuated by the Gar The Turkish Empire has often company daily disinfect their daya had passed Turkish women,sador heard of the case. Instead their liver. Trae, though that them alose,

Such at least is the theory of lines of property from which nos been in very difficult circumvehicles, but, mauensi, they acted determined to be Weetersised, of protesting indignantly, the was the root principle of the starosa in the past, but never, it in the matter without tsot, and, had won. The incident provoked Ambassador quietly expressed blood-feud which satisfied the war, and, on that theory, reprisal only the buildings have diasp the company refusing, no European cutburst of indignation on the regret that the authorities should world's conscience for so many is expressly just fed by the terous peared, but from which every

man harshly who had centuries. Revenge of this sort of The Hague Convention. That landmark has been torn.

Deeds of record and all other the members of the Diplomatic

an now travels in the trameare part of the women against the treat a Corps at Constantinople, has its Pitiful incidents, indicating the German authorities in Turkey, devoted a large part of his life to was, aa Bacon described it, in the the theory of war may itself be situation ever been as critics! micery of the people, can be who were accused, probably the good of the Tarkish popola absence of law, s wild kind of unjustifiable, urder ary and all papere that would aid in re- every with plans of towns and public and precarious as at present. No witnessed daily at any street wrongly, with wanting to keep tion. Enver Fasha at once realis justice. Ia taking revenge in conditions, is indeed an open constitating titles to property, one knew exictly why Eurer corner. The faces you see are Turkish women in a backwarded the force of the Ambassador's such kind men thought they be-question. Christians in

view; and a courier dispatched came even with their enemies, age of Christendom have thought buildings, have been burned with departmental Pasha hurried off to Berlin and haggard, riscbed, and worn, the joondition. Vienna early in the year. bat at eyes haunted, the frames feeble. It may be mentioned that some hot baste instructed the guards and Mobammed, who did much it contrary to the teaching of municipal and the Turkish Foreign Office the

illusions are entertained outside to return to Constantinople with tout down the practice of the Christ. Philosophers in all coun- srohives in a great many towns. blood-fend, established that of tries have counted it among the and villager. Brooks and rivers officials, at the time, when the of starvation in Constantinople. Tarkey regarding the powers the Nonconformist minister.

The mental strain which the imposing a money penalty on the grosseat, the baseat and most in- from which bearings might br 'subject cropped up, looked very but I have frequently seen old possessed by the German author- grave, and talked vaguely about

women collapse-ities in Turkey. The Germone British undergo at Constantin-ibe of the guilty man, thereby umso of the fallacice that have taken have been devisted from But the their courses. When partition a serious situation having arisea.

suppose from banger-in the are certainly the masters of the ople is very great; and men who admitting the principle of panies-affected mankind. When Enver came back some streets. Poor people will pay Turks in the cenes that they come years back were bale and ing the innocent for the guilty. Archbishop of Canterbury, in walle stood between two pro... weeks ago he told the public,

enormous suma for worm-eaten trol the Turkish Government, strong now oreep about the streets Bat the essential fallacy in Mocommon with the mejority of perties, there are in many playas bammed's theory of justice lay in Courchmen, does not belong to the gaping crater of mines that through the newspapers, that the figs with which one would Lot but the influence of the German mere shadows.

the effort to secure an equivalent, either of these classes. He thinks blew away all traces of property mission had succeeded beyond all attempt to poison a mad dog. In cfficials over the civilian popula

which was impossible. No money was may be right, may be just, linee. anticipation, wheress at the Club the old far-cf days of peace the tien is very small. The German

payment could make up to may even be holy. He thinks The small French landholder de Constantinople, once practical-

average bumble class Tark would police in Constantinople are

child for the loss of bis father. the present war is a Christian is much attached to the soil and ly a British institution, of which make a piece of bread and cheece, strictly forbidden to interfere |

Theory of striking a balance with war because it is waged for the jealous of the slightest parcel of the Grand Vizier is the present some olivee, and some Tarkish with the population, and even in

orime, whether in money, or in purpose of restraining the unland upon which his labour bas president, he told (as I happen to delight form bie principal meal. the army Turkish soldiers are not know), one of his closest friends, 10-day such a meal would pro- compelled to be subservient to An Answer to the Archbishop of blood, was false because im- Christian impulses of a barbaric been expended. He will fight to practicable. It was also morally eremy. That being so. I ask the last ditch for what he com that his reception at Berlin wa bably cost him (in English | warda their German officers,

wrong and contrary to the higher bim to clear his mind of confusiders his landed rights. Con cordial, but that everyone #88 money) about 58.

Besides holding them responsible

proepta of religion, sa the sica, and recognise the moral sequently it is feared that there too farried and upset to pay

Prices have ri en steadily since for the misery and misfortune

Christian Church implied when justification for reprisal as an in-are innumerable lawenits in much attention to bis proposals

sank by it established the rights of evitable, if unwelcome and moet groepect. The fall of Bagdad and the the beginning of the war, sad in which have befallen their counWhen the Germand

are now sometry, the Turks dislike the Ger-1

submarine a British hospital sanatuary. The only justice lay painful sequel, to the doctrine of steady progreen of the Briti h English terme

I

do not know whether people die

men and

REPRISALS,

Canterbury.

Property boundaries also bave

troops in Palestine has consider. thing like the following: Batter, mans personally. On the other ship full of wounded, the in restraining the offender and in defensive war-the doctrine that been modified since the war began

The

ably undermined Enver's author-10e. the lb.; cheese, 149, the 15. hard, the German naval and i. When Bagdad fell members olives, 3, the Ib.; sugar, 10s. military cffcere make no secret of the Diplomatic Corps in Con- the lb.; rice, 48, the lb.; Turkish of their contempt for what they stantinople expressed the view delight, 8. the lb. The veritable regard as the laziness and slack. that the Turkish Empire would famine in sagar which now pre-ness of their Turkish charges. vaila at Constantinople is a great | Admiral von Souchon, the Ger- collapse in six weeks. advance on Gaza increased the blow to the sweete-loving Turk.man Admiral at Constantinople, alarm smong the general popula- Lumps of eager at 21. ch is never tired of declaring to tiou, and depresion among the lomp are hawked about the other Europeane at the Conatan ruling classes, and it is possible streets, that had the British bees entirely successful in the Gaza battle Torker would have packed off to Belio its German masters and bave openly petitioned for peaca, Awit turned out, however, the British check at Gaza was ex- ploited by the Germans sa

tte tremendous victory, and popular agitation has been tem- porarily quietened. Significant evidence of the German reading of the present situation is that

Н

Austris bas recently tinople Clab that the Taras, as promised to send Turkey 2,000 fighting men, are hopelessly in- waggons of sugar, at the rate of efficient. The Goeben and the 200 waggone a month, but owing Breslau, bare been anchazed in to the great scarcity of rolling Stenia Bay for over a year, and stock none of the Turks treat thie although it is impossible for a promise very seriously. In spite foreigner to inspect them, it is of the honger and abject misery probably true that they are it everywhere prevailing, the Tarka terribly battered and useless manifests no desire to revolt.condition.

Food riots are unknown st Coa The principal preoccupation etautinople, and the shops are of the Torkish Parliament is ibe deplorable Soancial condition of never looted...

the country. Gold, nickel, and copper bave long since vanished

The abortage of bread is: great the womenfolk and children of cause for complaint among the

The Tarkish Govern the German officers and officials women.

up the sponge.

#

For Fracos will consent to say

women

рия

British Government made it known to the German Govern making him repent. And that, it is our right and our first duty (by public worki executed for the

however wild the justice it aims to restrain the enemy.

parpers of the army. Many new ment that if another sach out after, is the principle of reprisal. To condemn warfare altogether, railroad lines constructed for rage were committed, it would It is also its justification. even when it is defensive warfare strategical purposes will be found make reprisale. Shortly after-

But, it will be asked, because on grounds of religion

so useful that they will become wards another beapital ship the enemy sinks a ship fall of humanity, may be to take up a

permanent. wae suck, and the British helpless wounded men, are we logical and even an exalted Government reling with the astified in bombing an enforti-position; but to justify war, and French Government made fed town, and thereby killing his to condema ita natural if tragication of the entire region of the air raid oa, & German townnocent women and children? developments, is to strain at the bittle of Arras, the battle of the

"The geographic reconsita

Somme, the battle of St. Quantin,.

and maoy Bebops thereupon oor, in view of the unmerited It is no reply to say that in and the battle of Lane," said the

als in the House of Lords, and

essence of warfare, and we masti stand or fall by is:-

sary,

Dt.

the enemy.

1:

Public sentiment seems to have

The Archbishop of Canterbury The answer is a hard and bitter gnat end swallow the camel;" raised a protest against repris safering which it seems to ex-reprisala we may be fighting Depoty for the Department of the Aisus to a onrrespondeat of the were supported by several of case-everything depends upon those who are not fighting ae. Associated Press, as well as of the Peers. Lord Coz Band necessity. If there is no law to Since the time when David went Lord Milner defended the punish the inbamenities of the cut to mares toe Philistine the fate other regione along the front in the action of the Government. In enemy when he sinks hospital of the ron-combatsat has been in zone that has been battered for the following Briiele, to the bips, if every human impulse in the hands of the combatant. It Dearly three years by heavy Daily Chronicle, Mr. Hall Caine the enemy is suspended; if he is is nq answer to say reprisals are artillery, will be a long, micate, a base and crafty coward, always berberio. All warfare is barbaric laborious task, developing count- argues that reprisal je of the struggling to be beforehand with Aggressive warfare is barbaric lees contests, and, it i-feared, in- terminable litigation. We eanonly acts of cruelty, it may be neces-insanity; therefore defensive war-

it must be right, to restrain fare becomes barbaric necessite hope that the Germans will be i think there is cridence of him and make him repent, by In the sbeence of law to punish made to disgorge the booty they from circulation, and the coun: great and serious confusion of whatsoever means of punishment wrong, what is necessary is right. carried sway from these regions who were sent to Berlin after the ment, at the instigation of the try is fioded with poles and mind in mach of the recent write lie within our power to infct. Reprisal is of the essence of war and that in it will be found fall of Bagdad have not returned Germans early in the present year stampa the latter worth shanting, and in the speaking in the That such means may involve the fare, and must stand or fall with documents and records that will help ps in this complicated to Constantinople. The general introduced & rationing system. 3 each of all kinds. At the House of Lords on the subject of

a tragic sequel. Bat the soffering" I have confined myself to the labour." feeling in diplomatic circles st bat the wealthy Torks declined to backs of the notes in one of these reprisals in war. The central suffering of the innocentis indeed it. Conftantinople is that if the submit to it, and the elaborate calogeries is a design of Kut, and argument of the Archbishop of of the innocent is inevitable in discussion of reprisals from the British succeed in pushing on organisation set up

sa inscription, rather amusing in Canterbury and bis fellow burob speedily rapidly to Jerusalem, Damascus collapsed. The apathy of the the light of recent events, to the men, and even of laymen like Sir any case, and the only open point of morality and honour, eettled down to the decision that and Beirat the Tarks will throw Tark engera the foreign obeer-effect that, thanks to the bravery Edward Clarke, is that what is question is whether it is to be without attempting to deal with in the rebuilding of destroyed shat of our own innocent or of it on the side of practical utility. aities and villages the architect- To eny that reprisals can have no ural traditions of each region Ter. Only once have they been of the Tarkish troops sad their cowardly inhamso, sod

the There is a great deal of talk roused from their apathy, and German allies, the town will Christian ia certain of

Taking this view, I charge the deterrent effect, but must provoke shall be respected so far as style now at Constantinople about the that was when the thousands of remain in Turkish hands until enemy's acts of war, is equal opponents of reprisal with ad-the enemy to further revenges, is, and material of construction are

inhams and un- possibilities of a separate peace wounded poured into Conetan. the end of time. Turkish Saanoes cowsedly,

same cesione to modernisation so are Prominent Tarks, in discussing tinople from the Dardanelles.re ran on the simplest lines. Christian in our own acts of revocating, bowever unwittingly, a I hembly think, the shallowest concerned, with only such con- this question generally, express The eight of their dying men. Every time that the Turkish taliating. But does that follow ? policy which will lead to the argument of all. The the belief that neither England folk caused several bundred Government is hard "ap it asks I ask the distinguished jurist to farther drowning of our wounded objection, neither more nor less requisite for perfect bygiene.

Toere will probably be no more to march to the War Berlin for a "loan." Toe loan" consider the paralled cf the civil men, sad the continued suffering nor other, might be urged against peace which stops short of the Office to call on the Government consists in permission by the law in its relation to crime. The of our women and children. Con every kind of defence in war. If narrow streets and there will be German Government for the criminal who takes life commits faring their minds on the quest there is so practical utility in more air and light-that is to say, dismemberment of the Ottoman to give them back their husbande Turkseb authorities to issue paper an aot which is not physically ion of responsibility, and not giving the enemy as good as he more windows sad doors to let in Empire, For the first time since sad their sons."

In Tarkey, as inother belliger money for the amount required.distinguishable from the set of seeing that where the motive gave, let as in the name of com- more sunshine-but that is as faz their inception there is a general die position in Turkey to coment countries, the war has opened The German Government has the law in punishing the saking are different the acte are not mod eanse and clear thinking esy as it has been possible to lead demn and regret the Armen snap new avenues of employment promised to redeem, out of the of life, yet in the one case we call morally the esme, they are en frankly with Tolstoy (not to speak public opinion toward modern iademaitien exacted from its it murder and in the other just-couraging the criminal to go on of greater tebobere) that violence ideas of construction. How to massacres--not on humanitarian to women. The Geeka and grounds, hat siteply becames (in Armenians formerly employed at enemies, all the paper money is. The set being the same, the with his crimes. To argue that is u-elese, that it defeats itself, accomplish these reforms without because we cannot keep pace war is foolishness, and that it is particular characteristica of esch memory of these ma-escres con bave been dismissed and their The mark has dropped extremely | which inspire it, bet that is with the outrages of the enemy unnecessary to wait for the day individual town is being studied the belief of the Tarks) the the post and telephone offices issued in Turkey during the wax. difference lies in the molives we must not engage in reprisals therefore that the theory of al modifying the originality and moral difference of a completely stituted an insuperable obstacle places taken by Tarkish women low lately in value in Turkey.

Most of the members of the transfiguring character, and in or compete with him in cruelty when Christianity shall have by architects. The Masioipak against any onderstanding beand girle. The war has bastened tween Tarkey and the Eatente rather than checked the emas. British colony at Constantinople the eyes of orvilised and Christian is illogical. There is no need strained to a supremacy before Council of the town of Clermont to compete with him in eruelty.soring on the divine precept en Argonne, which was entirely Powers. Naturally enough, Ger- cipation of Turkish women. All left at the outbreak of the war, men it justifies the civil law.

The argument against reprisal Because a criminal kille his "Besist not evil." It is war or burned by the Germans in their re- many carefully fosters this belief. the young women wear veils of and those who remain-namber-

a competition among architecte A great deal of nonsense is talked the fi.meisst description, and in ing from 100 to 150-have won in war seems to confuse the obj-ar rigtig with the cowardly brutalno war. We cannot have it both treat from the Marne has organised for the preparation of plans for from time to time, outside Tarkey, the tramera they always draw the admiration of friends and of attack and that of retaliation.ity of 'Jack the Ripper, the law ways.

rebuilding the town so far as pos about the revival of the Old Turk them up from their faces. An enemies alike by their courage The former may originste in evil does not think it necessary to

able in its original style, bat Party, the apriss of a pro British incident which illustrates the and dignity in very difficult cir- passions only, such as greed, re-mutilate the body of the mur The British bag-wenge, desire of eɔoqueat, while derer. It was the moral" peces

with wider stresis and new Party, or the alarm which Eaver strength of the "new women

queram and parke. movemen in Turkey occurred Less houses in Constantinople the latter, however tragic in its sity for reprisal that brought

One thing the architects are quite remptly. The following are open a usual, and, generally consequences, may have its origio America into the war. "If it notice was issued by the police speaking, the members of the in the purest in palace of human-abould ever become necessary for that is announced in homeward

present British colony are an-ity only. And here again I acker (which God forbid !) to biok freight from the Eat, says the ordered not to touch is the broad, department com

"The adoption of sew forms molested. About 30 members of the eminent jaristo consider the merchant ships in order that L C. and Express, ons in remind-deep, old fire-place, around which the colony have undergone position of the civil law. Why merchant ships may not be punk, ei of the ism-nts that Bir Thos. families will gather on winter of apparel has become a public periods of interament inland in does the law bang the murderer ? I think she will be jusfied. Is Sutherland was wont at times to eveninge for years to come to. 2042da in Comet sutinople. All "reprisale" by the Turkish To revenge itself for the loss of a Lever be necessary for her address to the shareholders of the listen to stories of the invasion Mulammedan women are given Government for alleged bombard-life. To strike a balance between deliberately to set out to drown P. and O. Company, The days and the battles of the great war.

when the emrány's steamers two days in which to lengthen ments of undefended towns by the dead and the living? To sailors. ther skirts, discard Corsets. British and French aviators. All compel the o iminal to render The Archbishop of Canterburyo-rried silk at £40 per ton-und, and substitute thick for flimsy British subjects in Constantinople the equivaleas of his own life for and his fellow Churobmen are if we remember rightly, earned must be at home, before nine the life he bas destroyed? Lavay properly axions that we of thereby z miserable pitano. 1---| Two days pamed, and the o'clock in the evenings. Aboat deed, no! All such efforts would the A ted nations should emerge do not seem so far a♬ as they did following notice appeared --- half down members of the be illogical, inequut sbie, asprof. from the war entarnished by the now that produce from the Straite

'We regret that through the oulony srs at present "interned " able and fatile. The law kill tool crimes that will infn the Bettlements ie 225 per too. It is House of Commons recently inteference of certain old in a house in Constantinople. the murderer in order that metams of our soemy. Bat I think altogether a oru-bing rate that is bad a question on the paper as -woven a subordinate of the Taeir imprisonment, also describ

One wonders of Great Britain their mercantile polze department has attempt-¦ed as a “reprimal,” is a formal may not be anrdered. Ia iske he does not wee that the whole enforced was re-alt of ibe short to Japan pisoing at the disposal

manner the olj at of reprisstu priveple of defensive arfare isge in torn.ge. ed to regaiste the costomes one, and they suffer no privations, war is to restral the enemy from founded on repriest. War is a how moot of it will come under mise, and he had been regsested- whih Mohammedas women The American Embassy at Con-committing whose faces which system of reprisal, but not the quivalent of expas profist postpone it to the mazek.

To that powners will have to pay, 'Sowion, wow. The police department stantinople looks after the later in our view are cowardly, in- necessarily of revenge.

Pasha feels at his dwindling

power. As a matter of fact the atmost political stagestion pre rails at Constantinople; and if the troth were known Enver probably wants as quickly su possible to get out of the meas into which he has landed himself and bis constry. Probably 99 per cent, of the Torks lament the policy which bas harnessed their country to Germany, deplore the <humiliation it is oaily under. going, and play fervonily for peace; but in their phlegmatic, fatalistic way thay let things ru their course, hoping the while that Allah will overt the finsi OsLstrophe.

The reports which reach the outer world from time to time about conditions in Turkey in-

Yala."

"domatacoDE.

}

Far Eastern Freights. With the extraordinary rise

· Japan's Mercantile“ Flëét.

Sir J Walon, tho in the