1916-09-02 — Page 11

"SAVE THE BABIES!

BRITAIN'S SERIOUS INFANT DEATH-RATE,

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1916.

An Impressive Article by Sir James Crichton-Brown,

91,971 babies died in 1914 of 879,000 born in England and Wales, that is to say, practically 252 babies died every day.

And it is the opinion of com- petent medical authorities that

article in Pearson's Magazine.

The Shortage of Babies.

cand in anticipation of fature lapass from virtus or breaches of etiquette, bat radiant with hope of the life to come,

Bat, anhappily, all babies are not pink, as they ought to be. A great cumber sin off-colour,

weighed & fow babies born in slums or of sickly mothers, and find that they are about equal in weight to those born in the homes of the well-to-do and at robust mothers,

in this. When Nature has to

mother's life."

•

exclaim:

rear him !!! :

A

The Inequality of the Sexes.

11

have been put in a guard mug.” ons of the most common and so because they labour under nutritive value that it in superior under the thinnest shall, and it Had be ben enuffed out, we might mabila onumen of her ill-health and | tuberculosis or some other dis- to the milk of the use, which has was the duty of that court to break still have been in medieval of the premature death or debility wase; but beyond these there are long been in vogue for delicate through the shell. He did, and darkness. ⠀

of the offspring is malnutrition, regiments of women who dislike children. Where cow's milk is diso,vered the Hamburg-Amerion The most sapromising looking or, in plain English, deficiency of the restrictions and disabil ours, dear, or intoossible, goat's Line within. On one occasion bbes grow up strong and food.

ities that nursing imposes, and milk is an erosilent proxy.

a dividend of 34 per cent, waU vigorous, and who has not heard We mast insist on abstinenos seek to escape it by any frivolous The goat has been called the declared, as was recorded on the

proud mother, when ber from laborious work and fatigue ; | exonse.

poor man's cow, and it would minutes. Cheques were drawn stalwart BON WR3 admired, and adequate reet in the late The woman who capriciously benefit many of our poor men of in favour of the directors. Im- "He was such a puny months of pregnancy, for speak refuses to unckle her infant the labouring claw if they could mediately there were received, baby I never thought I shoulding generally, the industrial suffere for it. She snifers add a couple of such cows to their without any formality of paying

employment of expectant mothers physically, for the period of domestic establishment. "Three into their own accounts, the dir which the war bas so greatly lactation, properly regulated, is a sores and a cow may be a thing ectors paid in the dividends to A reduction of ante-natal extended is harmful to their healthful episode; and the suffers, to dream of, not to see, but two the őredit of the line. Not mortality has become of special noborn offspring,

morally, for she deprives herself goate and a paddock ought to be single person other than the significance at this time in The post-natal mortality of in- of a wholesome discipline that within easy reach, fors goat may Hamburg-Amerios Line had a connection with the War and the fante has had earnest attention rightly accepted gives its finest be bought for a couple of pounds, penny of interest in this ship." loss of life-much of it our very bestowed on it of late years, and and fallent efflorescence to and is an almost self-supporting Nobody could say it belonged to best life-which it has entailed, as the result of that attention has womanhood.

milk-giver. Like the pig, the British ecmpany. What the had 128,138 men and officers infant mortality rate for England

food. It fouriebes Up to January 9th last we had notably declined. In 1904 the

goat converts waste into profitable vessel earned would have to be on the paid over to the Hamburg- killed. But at the same date we and Wales stood at 145-that is

scantiest or roughest herbage or America Line. The ship, how there were 68,046 missing. Now 145 died in the first year. In

an average two qusita of milk a because she had been registered bad had 353,283 wounded, and to say, of every 1,000 infants born

on garden relase, and it yields on ever, was flying the British Arg, of the wounded, many will die or 1912 the rate had dropped to 95,

day for a lactation period of from in the ame

of an English remain hopelessly crippled; and the lowest point yet reached

four to six months. Then, it is company. Another question might of the missing, many will never though the provisional rate for

practically "free from tubercular arise in a different form of return; and there has been much 1915 shown an increase to 110

dinoase.

proceeding and in some sort fighting since January 9th, so per thousand,

An extended use of goat's milk srose in these, whether the St. infant mortality and in would sid in the reduction of Tudno was entitled to fly the the British flug. The Merchant promotion of infant welfare.

the records of infant mortality

H.A.L. AND BRITISH FLAG.

English Shareholders

Hand and Food."

"Bound

came

a.

with proper care almost all of There is, no doust, some trath

women who could agree but But berides the frivolous them might be saved.

The problem of the reduction choose between the babe and the

won't, and the feeble who would of infant mortality is rendered mother, abe-nourishes the former

immensely larger body of women, but can't, we have with as sa doubly issistent by reason of the at the expense of the latter War, which bas brought with it "So careful of the babe she

who are both able and willing,

■ decrease in the birth-rate and seeme, So careless of the

but are debarred from the per- an inoresee in the infant mortality

formanos of their maternal rate. Unless that infint death. But weight is not a criterion

fanation by the accessities of rate is very materially lessened of everything, and behind 716

breadwinning. The factory and throughout the Empire, and in avoirdupois may lurk whole mark if we say that up to this whether farther reductions can have recovered from their confine that we shall be well within the The question now is, not workshop claim them before they the shortest possible space of battalion of pathological tenden- time, the very existence of the ciss in one once and a mere time we have irreparably lost abs secured, but how far the re-ment, and they are obliged to

Shipping Act, 1894, said ́s ship British Empire is imperilled. platoon in another. Common quarter of a million of car duction on be carried. Some delegate to others the care and

should not be deemed to be a Sir James Crichton-Browne, an sense tells us that a mother who potential fathers, our bravest and sanguine spirite believe that feeding of their infants, and

British ship unless owned by animpeachable authority who has inhabits an overcrowded home, choicest men, who went to the infant mortality can be abolished expend on manual labour the

persona-according to one of the devoted much thought to this all-who is underfed and overworked, war of their own free will under altogether, and that with proper energy that should go to milk.

qualifications having their prin- precautions no babies under one making. important subject, states the case and who leaves the factory a few no pressure or compulsion

They, too. suffer

cipal place of business in thang plainly in this impressive hours before her confinement, before the war began, and the experiment at Villiers-le-Duc, in interference with what ought to But we had too few fathers year of age should dis. The physically and morally from this

dominions. It was quite clear cannot be regarded as a healthy increased dearth of them due to the Cote d'Or, is quoted. There be one of the chief ends of a

from what was raid by the learn or invigorating environment for the war is an auxions considers for ten years the infant mortality woman's life.

ed Lorda "in the Continental "Red, very red-blushing for the embryo child. You cannot tion. The exoses of females over rate was zero. Not one baby

Tyre case that the place of the all the follies we are destined to shut up a growing organism in males in our population was died for ten years, not one child deprivation of breast feeding in The injurious effects of the

registered cffice of the company commit," remarked Balwer an insanitary dwelling for nine estimated as 1,206,580 in the died, every child born in the infants are patent enough. In

did not determine their principal Lytton's Mr. Caxton, when Mrs. months without reaping the fruits middle of 1914, sad must now Commane was at the end of those

place of business. That phrase Primmins, the monthly nurse, of your folly.

London, July 28,-Sir Samuel was not so much discussed in the lifted a covalet from a small i And experience amply-demon

be much more. More boys than ten yeara "vivant et vigoreax," they are blazoned forth. Dr. Evans delivered judgment in the House of Lords; bat-the-analo cradle and, holding a candle strates the far-reaching influence girls are born in this ocuntry But that experiment was on a very Robertson, Medical Officer of Prize Court, to-day, in the case of gous wae-What was the real within an inch of an undeveloped of ante-natal conditions. There 1,035 to 1,000. In 1914 the male small scale, and was carried out Health for Birmingham, has the teamer St. Tudno whoes oca residence of the company? Lord nose, exhibited to him his new is, no doubt, a continual tendener 15,272, but this advantage in ditione, and we cannot shut our mortality of breast-fed infants is the ground that she was not owned was the real business centre from exceeded the female Lirths by ander quite exceptional con- shown that while the infant scation the Crows asked for on Atkinson spoke of the place where born son and heir.

It was by candle-light that Mr. back to the standard of the race, early life, the girls survive and certain causes of infant mortality receiving no breast milk is 232 Hamburg-America

on the part of the babe to revert rapidly loss. The boys die off in eye to the fact that there are 78 per 1,000 births, that of fafant: bra British compeny bat by the which the governing and direct- Caxton was introduced to his son but that standard is a very elastic

Line. The ing mind of the company, or ita and heir, and he, therefore, did one, and there is also a high as 8000 ontstrip the boys in number, that are not preventable. per 1,000; and Dr. Nawsholme, Attorney General for the Crown directors, operated, regulated, and some injustice to the baby's ceptibility on the part of the babe and, if we are to redresa the Nearer home we have had the Medical Adviser to the Local asid it was purchased in 1933 by controlled its effairs. Lord complexion. Pink, very pink, to be affected for weal or woe by growing inequality between the experiment of Mr. Benjamin Government Board, has shown the Macirer Steamship Co., Ltd., Parker, dealing with residence, would have been a more appro-ita immediate surroundings, and

00168, We must not only pat Broadbent, of Huddersheld-an that the probability of death, from the Liverpool and North aid he thought the analogy sa to priate description of it. Babies to be swayed by these in its subforth special efforts to keep the experiment fall of encourage from epidemic diarrhoes in 54 Wales Steamship Co., Ltd., and control and ospital was to be are little pink buds of humanity, sequent growth.

boys alive, but most secure an ment. Mr. Broadbent offered £1 times greater among infants fed used as tender at Southampton to found here. The acts of and make their debut, not rabi-

With an infantile mortality of

increased consignment of them. So each baby born during his on oow's milk than among those Hamburg-America liners. But company, the orders of its dir 179 per 1,000 bicths in Shore. And that can to some extent be firat Mayoral year, on oondition fed on breast milk, and 150 times £70 was taken up of the Maciver ectors, manager, secretary, and so ditch and 97 is Hampstead, two hygiene-for amongst still-birthe, twelve months. Promissory notes condensed milk.

done by ante-natal care and that the child attained the age of greater amonget infants fed on Co.'s abare capital of £750,000, forth-were the company's acts, thirds of the deaths in the first the masculinity, as it is called, or to the number of 112 were inued,

and in 1911 the company was in and might invest it with enemy quarter of the year occurring in

But it is not merely in a high fiancial difficultion and the character. The character of those each case in the first month of Preponderance of males. Over and 10% were presented for pay infant death rate that the evil Hamburg-America Line

who could make or unmake these life, it is impossible to doubt females, is alwaye high." ment. Of the 107 babies which effects of the want of breast milk forward and directly seaumed officers, dictate their conduct, that the life prospects of the full-time in various countries, far ma is known up till now.

Taking the average of Lirthe at Burvived, only two have died as etand confessed. Where it does control.

mediately or immediately, pre- And these off-coloured babies babe are largely controlled by there are 1,050 male to 1,000

not kill it often maime, and is Bis Lordship, giving judgment, scribe their duties and call them greatly concern as at the present ite sate-natal experience.

Mr. Broadbent'a experiment, responsible for melbatrition, said that up to the time of the to account might also be material time. We are short of babies, The report of a Royal Commie female birthe bat in still-birthe however, was also on a small rickets, tuberculosis, and a multi- outbreak of war the St. Tadno to the question of enemy char- and are going to be more so after sion just iseaed, a report which females. If then, we can convert

there are 1,300 male to 1,000 scale, and was confined to plicity of ailments. Every was at all malarial times used as soler. These words were so apt the war, and must economice and predery most nat be allowed to

well-to-do district of the doctor is familiar with alabaster a tender in and about Southampto the present case that one would prevent baby waste as much as hide away, ebows that two

any considerable number of stillborough; but it has bad far- babies, flabby, limp, languid, and ton for the big liners of the have thought Lord Parker mast possible. We have beaten Ger- virulent diseases are not only into living births we shall largely reaching effects. It set the ball painfully pallid, who have never Hamburg-America Line. The have had this particular situation many in the Dutch auction of the largely responsible for

angment our apply of boys to rolling. It demonstrated to the tasted their natural nutriment. the

claim of the Crown was grounded in mind. "The character of birth-rate, and, if we go on se we sterility of our women, but for at shall rectify in some degree the aunecessary destruction of infant proper food for the infants of the steamer was enemy property, and the officers dictate their conduct, rear, and if we do rear them, we public eye' that a wholly A vital queation is, what is the on their contention that this those who can make or unmake have been doing, we shall soon least one-half of our still-birth economically and socially de life is going on, and that an

and for the many blemishes of

women of all the different case that was the question he had to mediately or immediately, pre- Of every 1,000 babies bora, 24 sate-natal origin. It is abund- plorable inequality of the sexes enormous salvage may be secured gorien referred to, when deprived determine in this CARE. The Ecribe their duties and call them practically fail to start, and fallantly proved that germs, and toxic,

by ordinary care and forethought. of breast milk, with a view to the statue of companies registered into sccount." If this case, Siz out in the first week of life, and substances may, in certain oir which came into operation on sad praise to them that did well, infirmity amongst them?

The Notification of Births Act, It brought ahame to the careless prevention of mortality and this country but controlled and, Samuel Evans added, and come some 105 do not succeed in cumstances, flow from the

an for re the possession of the before him on the ground that reaching the end of their first mother to her unborn babe and October Iat last, is a great step in and it stimulated to. sotive work,

We find the answer to that shares was concerned, in that the St. Tadao was not owned by: year. Some 92,000 English and lead either to its immediate death

advance; but, if ante-natal which is now bearing frait. Welsh babies disappear annually or to a weakening of its health adequately, we must supplement Health for Huddersfield, in his substitute diet, where artificial during the recent months by the was not in this country he should question is simple enough. It is sense, owned by enemy persons, persone qualified to own because. mortality is to be dealt with Dr. Moore, Medical Officer of cow's milk. That is the standard had been very much considered the principal place of businem before they have completed their and early death after birth. first round. Not all of these The anborn babe is prejudiced notification of still-hirths com-infant-mortality rate in that town dow's milk, diluted or audilated, by the House of Lords in the Crown. That was another way that Act by another making the last Report records [that the feeding must be resorted to courts of this country, and fastly, bave found in favour of the were off-coloured babies to begin by fevers involving high tem with. Some were hale and ross, perature in the mothere, by lead- obtain accurate insight into the 156, whereas the mean for the sodium citrate. On that an and the Daimler Co. The ques-conclusion that this company was paleory. Only than can we for the years 1877 to 1904 was and with the addition of a little case of the Continental Tyra. Co. of saying he had come to the but were tripped up by measles poisoning, by heart disease, by causes of disease and death in to years 1905 to 1914 was 110, a immense majority of breast tions which arose in these cases a mere name of a British company or whooping cough, faceambed violent emotional disturbances, those momentous nine months reduction of 295 per cent, and banished infante will beat thrive. were not precisely the same as to bronchitis or pneumonia, were and last, but not least, by that precede birth-momentous a saving of 1,011 infant lives in

-and to the very minutest poisoned by their food, or bowled alcoholism. aver by convulsions; but a large

In order that it may be the best the questions which arose here. particular there was no kind of becsute in them a vital bias is those ten yearn.

standard substitute diet for the The question mainly was whether beneficial ownership in anything majority gave in because they

given to the whole subsequent The Simplest Diet. were bora immature or in a state

sometimes done. With notifies the reduction of infant mortality tamination

infant, cow's milk must be kept the constitution of the company except

the Hamburg-America osreer, and irreparable damage is The means to be employed in free as breast milk from con- was auch as gave it an enemy Line. The question, Was this of atrophy or debility, or infected

with the viralent obaracter, so se to prevent any body ship of enemy chareoler at the with a taiat of disease.

tion of still-births and research must have reference to its canses, organisme of disease. It must be entering into commercial relations time of the seizure? was one In grappling with. infeat that established by Dr. Ballantyne nection with our prematernity them can only be checked or of the line of communication

with it. The steamship belonged which he answered in the a farms- mortality, attention has hitherto st Edinburgh have saved and hospitals, we shall soon attain & avoided by medical skill, but from the adder of the cow to the registered in this country, and in actually chartered the a. Tadao been concentrated on the im- are saving the lives of many knowledge of and a control over there is one that stande forth mouth of the infant.

The English directora provement of the conditions of in- mothers and infants and have

Especially his Lordship's opinion in that to the Aimiralty, and it wen fant life, on the diseases that are relieved munch suffering, and when many or those toxemias or blood conspicuous, which is largely must it be guarded against that court he was bound to look at peculiar circumstance that she fatal to infants, and on the patch- pre-maternity wards become an poisons and accidente that cat under domestic control, and that abiquitous and dangerous dis- something beyond the nominal was actually seized while in the ing up and burnishing of the off- essential part of every well so many infants before they is improper feeding. Hecatombe ease-carrier, the fig.

ownership. The British company employment of the Admiralty in coloured babies. But the argent equipped hospital, supplemented so the light of day.

of infants are literally starved to When occasion demande, an had, be thought, some British this country. Whatever view need of babies that has now by sate-natal clinice which poor done

In the meantime, much can be death, or are saorified to tit-bits infant may be fed with litde or directors and some British share-the Admiralty would have taken arisen has led us to realise that expectant mothers can attend to

ta radress ante-natal and mistaken kindness,

no risk on some of the prepare holders, but the documents had they known all the facta we must go back and save the obtain advice and sexistance in mortality by the atriot observance The diet of the adult is a tions of dried milk, or condensed which were before him showed would not affect that court, bat babies that die unborn, and at their troubles, and with a staff of of ante-natal hygiene. We must debatable and complicated ques- milk of the unsweetened variety, clearly what the position of these they did not know the facts, The the same time reduce the number ante-natal nurses to visit expect in which science may be brought of the infant is simple enough, and we must be prepared for what was their position as sbare was an enemy chip, and she must have more schools of mothercraft, tion of perennial interest, That and with all the eream retained; gentlemen as directors was and Crown was entitled to any this of off-coloured babies, substitutant mothers in their homes and ing for them babies of the guide them aright and tesob to the aid of instinct, which is for there is really only one diet cases in which cow's milk die holders. An agreement of Octobe treated like any ship actually orthodox pink bae, viable and them the elements of the art of always discounted mors and in all respects suitable for it agress, when foode containing an ber 24, 1911, showed clearly that in part at the outbreak of hostil lusty.

Iwe would replenish and a mirked diminution of pro and a reliance on antiquated and the

mothering, then we may look for more as civilisation advances. It and that is Mother's milk. That edmixture of malted or dextriniz the control and dominion of this ities. He ordered her detention,

in ignorance, sheer ignorance, affords the bet nourishment in ad flour will be required.

abip was in the parify the stream of our national maturity and of the

Hamborg and the order would be the same most economical form.

The Neglected Coat. -

Americs Line. They were bounds in the case of the Chili, life, we must go to the fountain complications that now interfere Pernicious customs that are res- Mother's milk is incomparably haad and safeguard the mothers so disastrously with the recrafting ponsible for many ante-natal mis- the best food for infants, and it is milk is difficult to get, goat's most complete kind. The share- In country districts where osw's hand and foot by fetters of the during pregnancy. Dr. Amand of our race.

to be deplored that lactation is milk might often with advantage holders bound themselves not Routh has calculated that we lose

We must insist that car girls one of those maternal duties that be resorted to. Some anthorities only to sit as directors, but to 138,249 babies every year before of the unborn babies with no function of womanhood.

And we may go to the rescue shall be trained for the highest is now unhappily shirked or have spoken alightingly of gost's remove themselves as directors if they are born, and it is certain quelms of conscience that we are

relinquished on a large scale. that of the 92,000 who die in the thereby interfering with the wholesome living for the expect days who are constitutionally waited for use in infancy; but Line. They paid nothing for tion of mercury, is spending her

We must insist on clean and

milk, characterising it as stronger directed so to do by the instruo had less than a week to live, Men, There are many women nows than cow's milk, and in no way tions of the Hamburg-Americs Otis Wallace, who drank a solu. first your of life, a considerable order of nature, and keeping ant mother anitary housing unequal to lactation. They are that is a laboratory deliverance, their shares, bai executed blank last days happily, mys a Balins majority enter life carrying their alive being destined to perdition and pure air, so that the blood, anxious and willing to nurse apposed to practical experience, transfer, which the Hamburg (Kaussa) despatch of July 15th.

All human life that can be saved on which her unborn Bome wisenores tell us that, as in worth saving. That is the depends may be duly oxygenated because the milk worsted by thriven and are thriving on it in for filling up, and dividends were she felt like enjoying herself. babe their infeats, but cannot do so Large numbers of infants have Company might give instructions She was act suffering, sad ali regards the baby, the condition of only safe rule. Bir Lease Newton and kept free from septic germs them is too small in amount of Gresos, Spain, Switserland, and paid into the Hamburg Hine Card games and music furnished the mother during pregnancy is was born prematurely, a sickly. We misse insist on inourishing too poor in quality, or who are Norway of no consquence. They have child so small that "he might food for the expectant mother, for medically prohibited from doing.

and it is to be nooount. If this company belong. amumment for connection with ita ed to any British company it was woman.

leave France behind.

death-wariants with them.

But the adverse influences operating on the unborn babe may be combated and will by and-by be largely nullified. Pre-maternity hospitale such sub

MEDY

in adult life.

nominally to a British company tive. laboratories at work in con- There are manifold, and many of jealously guarded at every point

hapa.

Cards and Music Comfört Doomed Woman. Told by her physicians that she