1916-08-05 — Page 9

DANGERS OF THE HOUSE FLY,

ITS LIFE HISTORY AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT.

THE HONG

A Brawl at a Pier.

1916.

doubt" "that, under certain sip the mixture is the early the boarding party) and of the close to the wall-gunned and nearly following him. However, conditions, these insecim soi se morning, and a little later may cox who acted sa ammunition attentive beach, or the equally the mischief was repaired-in the carriers of cholers, typhoid fever, be swept up dead a short distance hoist; and of the gun's crew, continuone attacks, an armed next 24 hours, which, omnidaring and tropical dysentery, which in away, Formalin diluted to the who "all did very well" under vessels of every kind. Whatever the very limited deck space of a connection with other maladies, extant mentioned isnot dangerous rifle and small-gun fire "at a else might be going on there was submarine, meane that mil hand. such as infantile or summer to man, and this method may be range of about ten yarda." Bat always the problem how to must have been moderately diarrlœ, the House-Fly as used without hesitation even she never says what she really arrange for the crews of sunk busy. One hopes that they had

said abous har motors. --

ships. If dhow he no small not to drive often during the present - Tests under grave where food is exposed.

Sinos this By ja | suspicion.

It is unid that paraffin, if rub-

boats, and you cannst find one |jab, handy you have to take the crew incapable of biting, its sotion as bed on the anabes and bara of the

But worse is to come. E 2 a disease-carrier incontaminative, | window, will kill all the flies in Now we will take E 14 on board, where they are horribly (Commander D. Stocks) carried and therefore very different from a room; this method at any rate various work, either alone or as oppressiveness of the atmosphere while she was diving up the in the way, and add to the an externally mounted gan which," that of an African Taetes-Fly or possess the merits of simplicity flagship of a squadron ocmposed-like the nine people, indad- Dardanelles on business, got {a_malaria-carrying Morquito, ¡and cheapnesD.

of herself and Lieutenant ing two very old men," whom hung up in the wires and stays So far as possible, human food Commander Nasmith's boat, E14 made honorary members of of a net. She saw them through definite spots. The extreme tip which is armed with a piercing of the middle part of the body proboscis. The germs of disease,especially such substances as 11. Here was a busy 'mid- and a portion of each leg are if conveyed by a House-Fly, are milk and sugar, which are summer and she came to be her mess for several hours till she the conning-tower souities at a more or less distinctly tinged carried on the exterior of its lege, especially atmotiva to thees intimate with all sort of craft could put them ashore after dark depth of 80 ft-one wire haweer with cinnamon

the wings, head or body, or, as is insects should always be pro-anch “as two-funnelled Oddly enough the "could not round the gur, another round the of them," conning tower, and so OD. proboscis when not in use is more usually the case, in the tected from flies by covers of gunboat of Sar Kioi, who "fredo anything out invisible from above; and in the insects crop or intestine, and wire-gause or muslin, and Honec-it us, and missed as asual" leme suddenly deciated into the of small explosions overhead Imagine nine bewildered. Mow. There was a continuous orsokly The familiar but ölten dangaring the end of the fourth may Faber quently be, deposited Flies should not be allowed to hospital ships going back and reeking clamorans bowels of sabe thought wers "charges simed or other substance. settle apon persons suffering from forth anmolested to Constantin fabric, obviously built by Shaitan by the guard-boats who watch ons little oreature to which Lin-longitudinal vein is not elbowed, an food

to infections or contagious disease, ople; "the gunboat which fired himself, and surrounded by the nets She considered her amas gave the name Musca do- and converges but slightly to When themselves liable

wards that of the vein before it. contamination with disease-Rigorous precautions should, of at me on Sunday," and other old mestics is one of the most widely

our people are people of the book position for awhile backed, got As a general rule" sconmula: causing organisme, House Flies ecurse, be taken to prevent friends, aflost and sekore. distributed of all insects, since, tions of fermenting horse-manure therefore

and not dog-eating Kairs, and op speed, barged bead, and become serious House Flies from coming into

When the crew of the Turkish I will wager a great deal that that shone through the whole affair in

The following article in issued

by the Trustees of the British

Mateam, having been writ ten by Mr. Ernest E. Austen, Aistant in the Department of Entomology (Natural Hie- lory):

owing to its close association with

perate regions.

up its food, ends in a pair of

the ander side of the head.

Lastly, it may be noted that one

fourth longitudinal vein) in each wing is, near the tip of the

of the long veins (the so-called

wing, sharply elbowed in such

way that the end of this vein

almost meets that of the vein in

front of it.

elbowed

colour:

.

~III.—Ravages and Repairs.

the

arrive at the reason of facts and

Then there Ward®

was that

down-to-make sure of it. Bat

been carried about the world in the House Fly, but although this should consequently be regarded|sumptives, or with the evicnations their boats-Sy request,`and then better beart and stomach than roof of a disvigable cottage after. and dependence upon muo, it has form the chief breeding-places of menace to health; the insect contact with the sputs of con-brigantine, fall of stores, got into little company went ashore in one wild surge. Imagine the insect lays its eggs by preference as dangerous enemy, which from cases of cholers, typhoid all stood up and cursed us," E when they were passed down the it has snapped telegraph lines ships and trains, and is now in hores manure, it will also should be destroyed and kept in fever, summer dianthes and 14 did not lows her temper, even conning tower-hatch. found practically everywhere. breed in other excrementitions check by every possibla means. other intestinal disorders. No though it was too rough to ba

with its chimney, and you will, Possessing in a remarkable degree

queer get a small idea of what happens The potentialities of the House-system of sanitary control can be alongside the abandoned ship. amphibious battles with troops to the hull of a submarine when substances and in decaying and the power of adapting itself to

se efficient, which She told Aeting Lieutenant Rwho had to be shelled as they she uses her gun to break wire ite entroaudiage, it foarisbes in fermenting organic matter of Fly as disease-disseminator in regarded the Tropics as well as in tem. Various kinde, each as is often the poorer quarters of cities and allows fies to have access to W. Lawrence, of the Royal marched towards Gallipoli along haweera with.

present in subpits and larger de in farmhouses and rural districts material containing the germs of Naval Reserve, to swim off to the coast roads E 14 went out

house-refure. The generally, quite apart from the disease. posits of

her, which he did, and after a with E 11 on this job, early one

E 2 was a wet, strained, and The Hones Fly is usually about dull, chalky-white eggs are about annoyance and discomfort caused aquarter of an inch in length, 1/25th to 1/20 of an inch in by its sctivities, especially when

cursory search "—who can be morning, each boat taking her uncomfortable bost for the rest expected to Sherlock Holmes for chosen section of landscape.

of her cruise. She sank steamers, and is mouse-grey in colour, with length, and are laid in small it is present in excessive numbers,

hours with nothing on ?-eet fire Thrice E 14 rote to fire, thinking burned dhowe, was worried by the thorax (middle part of the masses generally in orevices render Masca domestics by far THE KIPLING STORIES. to her "with the aid of her own she body) marked with four narrow in the

saw the dust of feet, torpedo bosta and hunted by Hun material that is to the most important of British

matches and paraffin oil.",

bat "each time it turned out to planes, hit bottom freely and black stripes, and the sides of supply the maggote (or larvae) insects from the standpoint of

Then E 14 had a brawl with a be bullocks," when the shelling frequently; silenced forts that the abdomen (hinder part of the with food. A single female public hygiene. Under modern

steamer with a yellow funnel, was ended." I think the troops fired at her from lonely beaches, body) more or less buf in the House Fly lays from 120 to 150 conditions House-Flies, except as male, and frequently in the egge at one time, and may

blue top and black, lying at marching along that road must warned villages who might have danger eignals," EOTTO no

pier among dhowa. The shore have been delayed and good joined in the game that they had female also. In the male House deposit five or six such batches purpose useful to ourselves;

took a hand in the game with many killed." The Turks got better keep to farming; ebelled Fly the space between the eye, af eggs during its life. The rate while, as just pointed out, they

email guns and riffes, and, as E as seen from above, ie scarcely of development varies greatly, may at any time develop into a [Below we give the third and 14 manoeuvred about the road the afternoon-your true believer have shelled a pier but found up a field gun in the course of railway lines and stations; would one-fifth of the total width of the depending upon several factors danger to human life, so that no last of the series of copyright stead "as requisite," there was a never barries-which oatranged there was a hospital built at one head, but in the female the such as the temperature of the one need have the slightest articles by Mr. Rudyard Kipling andden unaccountable explosion both boste, and they left accord- end of it "so could not bom- corresponding space is nearly food-material and of the air, and compunction in killing them. on the exploits of British sub- which strained her very badly.ingly. Bat one osanot rejoice bard"; came upon dhow crowd- one-third of the diameter of the the character of the food; in the Obviously, however it is of more marines. It is culled from the "I think," she muses, I must over dead Mahomedans-unlessed with "female refugees" which head. The proboscis, or tube British Islands however, it has importance to prevent House-Manchester Guardian].

have caught the mcorings of a they are Arabs and I have never the "allowed to prossed,” and through which the insect sucks been found that in very bot Flies from breeding, than, after Before we pick up the farther mine with my tail as I was turn- met anyone in the Trade who did. was presented with fowls in weather the progeny of a Honse. allowing them to breed uncheck adventures of E.M. Submarine Eing, and exploded it. It is The next day she changed billets return; but through it all her flesby lober, and when not in use Fly may be laying eggs about ed, to endeavour to kill the 14 and her partner E. 11, here is possible that it might have been with E 11, who had the lack to chief precocupation in folded sway into a cavity on three weeks after the eggs from resultant broods when they have what you might call a cutting-out big shell bursting over us, but pick up and put down a battle racks and strained gun and

which they themacires developed invaded houses.

affair in the Sea of Marmore I think this unlikely, as we were ship close to Gallipoli. It turned mounting. When there was were deposited. The egg

Temporary accumulations of which E 12 (Lieutenant-Com-soft at the time." She is always out to be the Barbaroma. Mean nothing else doing she reporta batch into white, footless mag horse-menure should if possible mander K. M. Brace) put through a philosophical bost, anxious to time E 14 got a 5,000-ton supply scurly that she worked on gol, which when full-grown are be stored in fly-proof pits, while quite on the old lines.

little under half an inch in kitchen refuse #hould be length the chryeslic or pupalstage deposited in completely closed from the first, and she seems to admits it freely.

Her main motore gave trouble when the game is against ber she ship, and later had to burn gan," As philospher of the eailing ship loaded with 200 Lower Deck put it :-" "Tign't is passed within a dark reddiab-receptacles, into which it should have been a cripple for most of

bales of leaf and out tobacos-what you blanky do that matters. There was nondescript craft of Turkish tobacco! Small it's what yon blesky have to do.” brown, barrel-shaped puparium be impossible for flies to crawl. that trip. She sighted two, small a few hundred tons, who at a wonder that E 11" came along. In other words, worry, not work, or shell, from which the fly House Fly maggots, like many sleamers, one towing two, and dietazes did not cok very aide that afternoon and remained kills; In the British Islands, in ad- emerges by splitting off a cap at other Dipterone larvae, are the other three, sailing vessels, wazlike,” but when chased for an hour"—probably making E2's gua did its best to knock dition to the true House-Fly, one end.

tenacions of life, and although making woven keele in all. She anddenly played a couple of six-cigarettes.

the heart out of them all. She certain other species of flies more.

In winter the persistence they can be killed, at any rate stopped the first steamer, noticed pounders and "got off two dosen

had to shift the wretched thing or less resembling it in general of the species in apparently experimentally, by mixing with she carried a lot of stores, and rounds at us before we were Refitting Under Difficulties. appearance often occur in the secured by the survival, in bake the manure or garbage in which moreover, that her crew she bed ander. Some of them were onlyShe had a hellish time held it down were smashed "the Then E14 went back to her twice; once becsure the bolta that living rooms of houses: these are houses, kitchens, stables, and they are feeding substances such no boats were all on deck in about 20 yards off." And when

wire hawser must have pretty the Lesser House-Fly (Fannia other suitable retreats, of Riesa chloride of lime or valphate of life belts. Not seeing any gun, wily steamiz, after aidling among the Dardanelles zeta Caniculariu, L.,

smaller which are the parents of the earl-iron in solution, there are E12 ran up alongside and told along the shore, lay up in front, of course, fired at by the well pulled it off its seat), and and more slenderly built insect,iest broods of the following sea-Tarious practical difficulties in the first lieutenant to bɔard. The of a town ebe became "indistin. forte, just missed a torpedo from again because the hall beneath it with a silvery-white face in the top. In the British Islands these the way of Buch methods. Ia steamer then threw a bombat Eluish ble from the houses," and the beach, scraped à mire, and leaked on pressure. She went male sex, and

without later usually commence to make practice, therefore, the most 12, which struck, but luckily did so was safe because we do not when she had time to investigate she drilled and tapped and

found electric minc-wires twisted" conspicuously

vein their appearance in June, though important and effective means of not explate, and opened fire on lowestrafe open towns. near the tip of each wing, as a rale it is not until the follow-preventing House Flies from the boarding patty with riffen

round her propellers and all her adjcated, till in a short time the which makee Its appearing month that the numbers of breeding is the systematic and concealed lin. guo. E 12 Sailing dhows fall of grain had hall scraped and scored with 800 worked again and killed steamers as should. Meanwhile, wire merke. Bat that again was warked removal, during the months from answered, with her six-pounder, to be destroyed. At one rendes- increase. Generally speaking, in May to October inclusive, of all and also with rides. The two vour, while waiting for E 11, E. only in the day's work. The the whole bost leaked. All the the absence of local conditions deposita of stable-manure and sailing ships in tow,

14 dealt with three such cases point she insisted upon was that plates under the gun position specially favourable to the household dustbin or sebpit properly, tried to foul E 12's and and then "towed the crew she had been for 70 days in the forward leaked; the leaked aft breeding of the insects in refase at least once week. propellers and "aleo opened fire inehore and gave them biscuits, Sea of Marmors with no securer through damaged hydroplane abnormal numbers at an earlier Since, au has recently been shown, with rifle.”

beef, and rom and water, as they base for refit than the centre of guarde, and on her way home period than usual (as at Poolwick, House Flies are capable of aging

Were It was as Orientally mixed rather wet," Patrnger the same, and during all that they bad to keep the water down neer Norwich, in June and July, to a distance of 1,700 yards, no fight as a man could wish-The steamers were allowed to proceed while had not had any engine by hand pampe while she was 1910), House Files in the United municipal depot, contractor's first lieutenant and the boarding because they were" fall of people room defect which has not been through the nets. Where she Kingdum are most aamerons in damping ground or "tip," where party engaged on the steamer, E of both sexes,"

ste of the boat." The commend-internally, tank leaking into tank the country is a blood-sucking September, but they are often emain for any length of time, fouled by the sailing ships; the near.

er and the third officer went so that the petrol got into the fy which is sometimes mistaken still common in October, and should, if any other arrangement six-poander methodically per-

Here is another instance of our ck for a while; the first lienten-main fresh water supply and the for Masct domestics, with the sometimes even in November. is possible, be established or forating the steamer from bow to insular ype of mind. An emply ant got gastric enteritis and wae men had to be put on allowance. result that the House-Fly is The ocessionel local occurrence permitted to exist. within one stera; the steamer's Lin. and the dhow is passed which E. 14 was in bed (if you could see that The last pint was served out occasionally alleged to have of Bonte-Flies in such numbers mile of the nearest habitations. rifies from the sailing ships going to leave alone, but it occurs bed!)" for the remainder of our when she was in the narrowest inflicted a bite, although its pro-a to constitute a rerita his Of the various means of des- raking everything and everybody to her that the boat looke" rather stay in the Bes of Marmore," hat part of the narrows, a place boscis is merely adapted for plagueis generally traceable troying House-Flies in rooms, else; E 12's 031ewsin on the deserted," and she fancies she" this boat has never been out of where one's mouth may well sucking and is quite incapable of to one or more of the following those commonly in use are too conning-tower pacxing "P sebe two heads in the water. So running order." The credit is dry of a Ladden.

Here for the moment records piercing the skin.

factors(1) Exceptional meteor well known to require mention. ammunition; and E 12's one she goes back half a mile, picks secribed to" the excellanca of my Though agreeing with the

ological conditions favouring Flies on the wing may readily workabis motor developing up couple badly exhausted chief engine-room artificer, James end. I have been at some pains House-Fly in length, Biomory abnormally rapid development; be knocked down and killed by "slight defects" at, of course, men, frightened out of their wits, Hollier Hagne, ON. 227715 not to pick and choose among calcitrane is of a somewhat (2) the local abundance of means of a kind of racquet of the moment when power to gives them food and drink, and whose name is duly submitted to them. So far from doctoring or broader and more thick-set shape, breeding-places and of food flexible wire-gaure (known as a manceuvre was vital.

puts them aboard their property. the authorities "for your con- heightening soy of the incidents, and may readily be distinguished supplies for the maggots or fly-killer "), provided with a The account is almost. Crews that jump overboard have sideration for advancement to the I have rather understated them; but I hope I hayo mada” it clear from Maeos domestica by the larvas; (3) the presence, in the wooden handle, and obtainable difficult to disentangle as the to be picked up, even if, a rank of warrant officer." character of ita proboscis, which immediate vicinity, of a tip" from ironmongers. The best actual mess must have been. At happened in one case, there are Seventy days of every conceive that through all the haste and is rigid and slender, and it or dumping ground for dust-bin ready made fly-traps other than any rate, the six pounder caused 20 of them and one of them is able sort of risk, within and with fury of those multiplied actions, always visible, projecting like a refuse, on which, with the refuse, ordinary By-papers, are probably an explosion in the stesmer's am German bank manager taking out, in a boat which is sil engine. when life and death and destrus awl horizontally in front of the are continually being deposited the balloons ponstructed of munition, whereby the steamer quantity of money to the Cnanak room, except where she is sick- tion turned on the twitch of a head. In colour, Stomoxya cal- large zambers of larvas and wire ganze, and "tangle-food" sank in a quarter of an hour, Bank. Hospital ships are bay; twelve thousand mile finger, not one life of any non- citrans is darkish grey, and its paper, which have developed tapes or other contrivanous coated giving time--and a hot time it carefully looked over they covered since last overhaul and combatant was wittingly "taken, abdomen, which has to but from egge originally laid in a with a sticky game, Good ranite mat have been--for E 12 to get come and go, and are left to their "never out of running order They were carefully picked up coloured patches on the sides, is number of different centres, are said to bave been obtained by clear of her and to sink the two own devices, but they are rather thanks to Mr. Hague. Such or picked out, taken below, trans- spotted with dark brown; the

Since the House Fly breeds, 2 the use of a dilution of formalin sailing ships. She then chased naisanos because they foros E artists as he are the kind of ferred to boats, and dispatched fourth-longitudinal vein in te

we have seen, in dang-hills and in water, in the proportion of a the second steamer, who slipped 14 and others to dive for them engine-room artificers that com or personally conducted in the wing of thin fy, although some" | refuse-heaps, and during its'adult | teaspoonful of water. To make her three tows and ran for the when engaged in vetalking|manders intrigue to get hold of intervals of business to the, anfa what bent up at the end, is not life alights and feeds indiscriminit more attractive to flies, the shore. E 12 knocked her about a warrantable game. There were each for his own boat and unexploding beach. Sometimes abarply elbowed as in the House ately upon human excrets as well dilation may be sweetened with good deal with gun-fire as the good many hospital ships, and when the tales are told in. The they part from their chaperon

** with many expressions of, good az upon human food, it is obvions enger or mixed with milk, and a find, saw her drivs on the beach as far as we can make out they Trade, their names, like Abou ben will," at others they sear termination is distinctly part that grave results may ensue roup-plate or other shallow rowsel well slight, and then, sinos the all played fair, E.11 boarded one Adham's, lead all the rest,

when Bouss fine and osetain should then be partially filled bank opened fire with a gun of and "reported everything antis- Tain.

forms of diseno uxies, together, with the mixture in the evening, 1,500 yürde, want sway to rutine factory,”

demanation between engine not being knoskad na Wach has been written in recant and allowed to stand through the tiến hóc motors and" write ap ber

zoom and gunntry repairy, but I after the custoin of their of larger -dimensions than any yaken with reference to House: night on, a table in a room in log. She approved of her fieni A layman cannot tell from the Imagine it in, Zaint and finid Bat the bosta with a

Flies and the spreading of various which fies, are troublesome, Hontenant's viour under reports which of the dates 11, for example, while als was things on their minde and its length often considerably human disesser of bacterial Provided: that all other liquiae very trying circumstanoss 3 (this) demanded – the most work helping E 14 to shells benched take credit for their exceeds a quarter of an inch, origin, and although the experi- which from the insects could probably fade in the explosion whether the costinmond clearing sissimes amasbed till berr the leate for which Its general coloration is dark t evidence in Freyes drink have been removed or of the unition by the six out of transports, chown, and mounting, if the gunloyer being grey, and its abdomen is without incomplete, there can be no securely covered, the flies will goander which deabila jad mailing ships, generally found thrown overboard and the gun their respective dece

ance somewhat earlier in the year, and may still be reen in living roome to late as November, when the true House-Fly bee usually disappeared), Mascina atabalace, Fio., Bad Stomy calcitrane, L. The latter of these

a species often met with even

in the centres of large town,

though commoner in the suburbs

lies begin to show a

臨

very

" which is an

and found almost everywhere in the months of August, and household refuse is allowed to 12 foul of the steamer, and being unkultured way of doing busi. Pat right by the engine room/did not leak. ontside she leaked

Fly,

and consequently ita

ed from that of the predicg

Mascina siebalans is, sus rule,

of the flies already mentioned,

Strange - MesENKLAS,

I do not know the excet line of | ralisved and rather our

80