1916-03-18 — Page 9

ROADS.

The Salvation of Chins.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, MARCH 18, 1916.

of the political unrest of the last / bat for s twenty fool macadamised | Escs, can extricate itself from the conviction, that at that and de- civilisation, and which, conse- have not really any such that

instance,

11

Ground for Bellef in Victory,

What these grounds are I shall explain.

SIISTO-

|

from

ON CURRENCY.

The Mephistopheles and the Faust of Finance.

33

bat

the

penny

MATÜ

With gold not as its beais, but the single standard and

| few years would not have existed tractor road, with bridges and almost any shall crstar and ditch, finitive succose awaïta them. And, I quently, as them of American They cannot have more than

bad free communication between culverts to take a limit of five ton and generally can be handled since they are intelligent, there sympathy.

exiss, "whatever their balance. the different Pruvinoes been open-axis loads and a rucians to stand under the most trying conditions must be good grounds for their The Germans are quite aware abesta may say. But if they were ed. The Government also file speeds of fire tan loaded tractors possible at a minimum of cost, 1esolution.

of it too. On the day of the de- to gather one ine morning and to recognize that a poverty of at six miles per hour, or light cars and after the war Exrops at Isant

claration of war Herr von Schoen, decide amongst themselves to get roads means a poverty of taxation at fifteen miles per hour, the cat will owe more probably to this,

the German Ambassador in Paris, în every cent of the legal tender From the earliest times rulera of as it does a general state of dis of labour and tools for average the newest form of transport, then

learned in the cabinet of a French i currency of the country, it would all countries have found it expediruption and lack of work, while milee could probably be kept down to any one other invention of Frenchmen are in general, quite diplomat, that Bagland would be quite posible-in fact, com- ent and necessary to build roads, good roads mean development to less than three thousand dollars, recent years,

igncract of the history of the join in the war. He was dumparatively easy for them to do it. and soch roads built in the Baman both political and commercial; although bridge work might in- Chins built the great wall, and War of Secession which tors the founded at the news, and a few If their plans had been carG- Empire by men who lived more and the free interchanging of crease the cost in certain sections. if this has to some extent outlived United States asunder from 1861 moments later withdrew. And as fully laid and everybody previous- than two thousand years ago, are lidess, resulting from communics- It should be borne in mind that its usefulness still it proved itself to 1865. Yet they are perfectly the French diplomat was courtely taught to use the bank cheque to-day found acting as the founds- tion, means a general stats of efficient roads are now in operas bulwark against the wild aware that the same canse which ously, accompanying him to the form of receipts and payments for tions of the roads on which count, well-being both for the tion in Western Canada and Bar northern tribes for many genera- seured the triumph of the door he beard Herr von Schoen both large and small amounts, all les thousands of rusu, stores, and prople and the guyshment. ma having grades of ons in eleven, tion, and if Chios esa build a Northern States against the South murmer to himself" Germany and pin the interests of the Inland guns are being conveyed by motor In many districts of a moan and such grades permit of lines work which is one of the seven are now operating on their bebalf Austris against three; they are Revenue, having regard to the fraction in the area of the armies taincas nature and it should be being chosen which would he wanders of the world then surely The analogy between two warn in | Lost ! "

penny tall, the disappesuse of in Northern Europe. The coming noted that fally three-fifths of the utterly impossible for any othr Chins to save herself from foreign in other respects very striking: A short time after the same the legal tender currency would noticed. Everyone of the locomotive for some years country comes under this heading form of mechanical traction, and aggression, to help her people to the Confederates were naturally Ambassador said to an American hardly be

with value to deposit, from diverted men's minds from a tras-the farmers in the valley whilst such steep grades are act develop and to increase her rich and by heredity warlike; their in residence in Paris appreciation of national highways, cannes get sufficient for their to be recommended for all the mass can at this time, with two social organisation was

"Only one thing can save us; bunch of securities to a shabby but the advent of the light steam cereal eropa to pay the cost of year transport, grades of one in thousand years more education cratic, and this assured them of and that is if the Parisians have overcoat, on depositing it with his

another Commune.”

bankar would be allowed an tractor and the moter engine again growing, while their neighbours fifteen have been found to give and experience than her predeces leaders. The North

was pro-

There has been to Gommane in overdraft at 5 per cent, and the focussed engineers' attention upon on the mountains but a few miles excellent results în countries hav-sors of Chin-shih Hwang-ti's time,foundly pacifist, and could not the adaptation of the new inven- sway cannot afford to buying as great an annual rainfall as build the roads which are as believe in the approach of war Paris, France has never been so last vestiges of a legal tender tion for transportation purposea suficient rice and wheat to keep any part of China,

necessary for her good govern- until the Confederate made their united; parties are known no currency would be gone, whilet s The result has been that in every them in health, a condition of It would, of course, be necessary ment as they are for her commer-attack; and at the catses they more. And that is why we are banking credit currency upor continent new national highwaye, affairs resulting from an absence to guard such roads from being cial development.

were beaten. Moreover, at cost as sure of final victory as the which interest is paid by the rest and roads with surfaces calculated of roada and the cost of transport, teed by the narrow tyred native Diferent men ses China's needs moment, eare at ses, did they ever German Ambassador was cin- of the nation to those who contral to stand the stress of modern I decent roads existed both cart, which is calculated to ruin in various aspects, but the writer carry of a decisive victory; the vicced of the defeat of bis sover-it would be established in its conditions, have been laid down, farmers and mountain people any road surface in the world, and believes that many of this sort of victory that is followed by eign-Translated

the nakedness. Bating credit with real ralce bebind it would serve Even in such densely populated would be better off, and both it would be exosotial for the country's problems could be the hanging out of flags from the Pandora (Paris). and highly developed lands as could afford to pay more taxation government to have the right to solved if good roads were given windowe. Still another resem

very well as the sole currency, Britain and France much freight, than is to day possible. In certain take any land sites necessary for the people, and commercial, blante with the war, that is now

it serves at present for the main скателст of the which ten years so was wholly of the mining centers this is very right of way which its engineers political, and social intercourse raging in Europe it was no long

suntry. However, handled by railways, is now being noticeable. For

it should declared necessary, otherwise the were secured between the many before the Confederates and Fer-

be the Government which should provide carried by motor transport with a Kochia, in Yannan, food of every costa would be prohibitive. Ia-races and tribes that go to form: derala had scarred the face of the greatly decreased ton mile cost, description, coal, charcoal, etc, sammuch as the passage of such a this conglomeration of States. American continent with immense

it, through the instrumentality while in the newer countries, such has to be carried on malea orar road would enhance the value of Certainly much distras and lines of entrenchments. And,

There are, roughly, about of the banks, charging no 5 per sa India, Canada and the United mach meantain tracks from the surrounding property the suspicion of motives that now lastly, this War of Secession was £140,600,000 of legal tender car-cent upon it, any more than they States, tractor and motor roads twenty up to two hundred miles, hardship would not be great while existe could be swept away, and a war in which battles were rency in this country and about co upon the legal tender currency have been the meang

of sad the resulting cost of bare the good conferred on the com- many industries which have practically without result, 45,000,000 people. On the basis of o-day,

costenting op and developing necessities is so high that although manity would be immeasurable. opening

starved for lack of roads could be What assured the success of the of the legal carrency system themselves with industries which could not have the miners are actually well paid In well sarveyed main trank resuscitated, while the central Northern States was, first, that which the nation sanctions, we cheque tall, or, in the case of very been aided in any other way, and yet they are probably the poorest highways it would not be neces-government could assume a far they made themselves masters of set a value apos curselves of £3 small smounts, with one of a thousands of miles of these roads class and community in the eary or desirable to follow the mare direct control over far off the ses, and, in consequence, per head. If the entire population halfpenny, or even & isrthing. now exist in America alone. country. This is also true of the present plan of making the road territory than would be possible ruined the finance and commerce had to be scld, body and soul, in Were this innovation made, all Of all the great countries in the copper aress, notably Tangebaan, twist and turn in order to touch by any other means. China is of the South; and, cert, that their one deal, for the whole amount the currency arguments in favour world, China is easily the warst whers supplies of all kinds have every small village en route, bat not capable of building a vast population was the more numer of the legal tender currency, we of free silver, gold-cum-silver and provided with efficient means of to be carried in on mules, and the the easiest and shortest line would system of costly railways, and cas. There were 25 million could fetch no more than the other bi-metallic nostrums would communication, and the purpose resulting copper has to be carried be taken between the terminii. pledging her money to build them Northemers against 10 million equivalent of $3 each in notes, have the ground cut from under of this article is to show how out 130 miles to the nearest port, and short feeder roads would be and so mortgaging her executive Southerers. Althongh the gold, silver and copper. Shylock their feet, whilst bi-metallism a China, prosting by the lessons over ranges of more than nine built to the main road from such freedom to foreign nationa is not Federale had been worsted in placed a higher value upon a the creator of a double standard Learnt by others could build all thousand fees in altitude. towns, cities, and villages as de- truly helping her to develop in every encounter, though Wash-single pound of the flesh of An of value, would become a the roads necessary for her interior Tractor or motor roada hava sired direct communication, while her own interests, but showing ington itself had been taken and tonio than the Legislature places mental shuttlecock. developmen: without borrowing been built in India and Canada mining centers and indasarial her how to adapt foreign inven- the Northern territories invaded, upon the whole body of the best from foreign countries and with by white and native labour as a works of all kinda could constract | tions to her necessities and yet in the end the North was of us. oat "enhancing her external cost of from five hundred to seven | branch roads to their works, - conditions will do far more both bound to win through, because an Antonio would gladly have measure of value, a free banking- obligations in any way.

hundred and fifty pounda aterling The cat of sach roads should to aid her in developing and ruling hour was inevitably to come when paid, if he had had the money, credit currency, based on an At this time when the Western per mile average run on long be borne partly by the Federal the country and also in appreciate the South would have no more the three thousand ducats, or ample margin of real value, would Provinces 1.20 threatening distances, and here in China aach government, which would derive ing the use of foreign ac rice and soldiers; and, as a matter of fact, more than £500, in order to be the most perfect currency of anarchy, it would be the salvation roads could be entirely built by direct political aid from them, experience. Mr. A. J. Moore after calling to the Colours nine retain his pound of flesh. This all, except for trivial some. of Chins if she had efficient means employing criminals. For many partly by the provincial governe Bennett, in the Far Eastern tenths of its mobilisable pepala- proved himself, se, indeed his Banking Credit Currency, of communication between Peking generations China has beheaded ments, through which they passed Review,

Its elasticity at the one extreme. tion, the South bad to give up. friends valued him, at something and the outlying provinces. At countless prisoners for various as these governments would

It was at the end of its recources like £92,400; for if he, as there would be commensurate with our any time, however, it is impera offences, and if, instead of wasting derive direct taxation gains owing

in men; while the North could is reason to suppose, turned the needs. If one half of the nation tive that there should be direct this potential labour, she were to to the developments the reads

have pat as many men again into scales at about stones, that sam desired to purchase the other half (RE means of communication with the change the reatence to one of life would make possible, and partly

the feld as it bad..

of money would now represent his and to pay fall value Frontier provicces both East and long imprisonment and labour on by the prefecioral districte actual-

That is the whole story of the 154 pounds at £000 per pound. measured by gold at a fixed price West in order to allow the Cen- the roads, the prisoners would be ly served, as these would benefit

Civil War; and what happened We are not all Antonios. That of £3 176. 104. per ounce) cash tral Government to exercise its just as surely panished as by by enhanced land valcea. Aad

fifty years ago in America is hap goes without saying. Still, there dowo, by crouted cheque, the authority over the distant and being executed and the ap-keep every government, both federal

pening in just the same way here is a great deal of difference be- whole transaction notwithstanding: often unruly Provincial Govern- cost ermed that of a picul of rice and provincial, as well as mani-

now in Europe. The group of tween $92,400 and £3, and Mr.its gaitade, could be carried mente. It will be seen that while and a catty of salt per man par cipal, should be ordered to make

Allied Powers: Rasets with her Lloyd G.orge bas admitted that out in a single day. No such political trouble in the central month, or, put in money terms, grants-in-aid for the annual up-

157 millions of inhabitants, the poorest of as is worth 51 10a, transaction

present provinces can only affect the les.cssy Two dollare fifty per keep of such roads, or, if this is When a Frenchman talks with England with her 45 millions and not, we hope, sa s purchase prica conditions is possible, sed if it Chineee, the same trouble in those month per maz. Soldiers could not considered possible in China, foreigners he perceives at once her Colonies as well, France with outright ae a State elave, but were planned to take place provinces which border on

for be need as warders, and as these then toll charges should be made, that they have some dificulty in her 40 millions, listy with her 30 merely as insurance premium piecemeal over a very long period, sigu countries may possibly bare to be maintained in any case or every vehicle be licensed, sad anderstanding his imperturbable millions, contain altogether 282 against risk of lives considered could only be accomplished at an jeopardize the whole country, and the cost would not be raised on these fares used for up-keep optimism. The Germans are in million folk. Germany, with 65 valuable. If we were all as vala enormous sacrifice on the part of while its takes fifteen days or this accaant, and every criminal Such a road built from Hankow or occupation of Belgiom and a millions, and Austria-Hungary, able as Antonio and had to be the sellers in time, interest or more to reach the Western Fron-of any kind could be sentenced to Wachang, going via Tochow, stretch of France narrow with 51 millions have less than aald, bought and paid for in ons price, and in interest, securities tiers via the ses route which labour on the road sa B panist Shenchowin, Chenyuan, Kwei-stretch, it is true, but one which half thst number-116 million, transaction in our limited legal and time on the part involves using two foreign cua- ment for all cances of whatsoever 120g, to Yunnanfa or Telifa in the north-west reaches Noyon Now, like the war of the North tender currency, then out of the the buyers at every turnover of triee en "rcate and which is kind.

would make it possible for fast only 60 miles from Paris--all against South of America, this is whole 45 millions of na only 487 the legal tender currency. impracticable for

Old sad disabled mea could be light cars to do the distance in Poland and a portion of Russia, a war of using-up, of attrition; Culd be sold at one time, and the At the other extreme of its facing a fifty day joamer over used for breaking road metal, for less than a week, while troops small enough if you compare it the 1 Central Empires are rest of us would have to remain elasticity would stand a moment land from the nearest Chinese cooking sad for cleaning quarters, could be transported in regulation with the immense extent of that bound to succumb, because the on the shelf unealeable notwith- during which po transactions port, direct communication could and re labour of any kind need pattern three ton lorries at the Empire, yet considerable in itself. reservoir frata which they draw standing our value (like very whatever would occur and all be obtained which would bring be wasted while existing prison rate of two hundred miles per And, in spite of all this, no their soldiers is less than half as eligible property sometimes), be- currency would be cancelled. the Western frontier within one staffs could be utilized in the days as against less than thirty Frenchman has so instant's doubt espacious as the Allies reservoir. cause no more legal tender cur- The currency would, in fact, zise week of Feking at less than one work. Women fenders con miles per day by forced marches about the outcome of the war; it And the very length of the war rency would remain into which and fall, coure and go, with the Siteenth of the cost of any railway be utilized making suits, etc., for scd the whole cost of such a road will be very long; it will go on as enable the Allies to sim, mani- we could be exchanged. need for it. which has yet been suggested or working prisoners, and the whole need not exceed £300,000, long as you care to imagine it; tion and equip their great human Selling Ourselves.

A limited legal tender currency aurveyed.

work could be planned to give including costs of the necessary eighteen months, two years, per- resonicės.

Of course, is is a laughable ides mainly absorbed by barks and Many of the Provinces which light and severe punishment sa rock crashing plant and road hapa more. Yet, be it longer or

to think that we should sell our-superseded by.dales of banking make up Chips are as strangers 10 was considered necessary.

rollers.

shorter, it will end in Victory ; Only one thing needs to be selves, or that if we were willing credit at sa ozerone fee per cent, each other for want of efficien: The number of offenders in a Direct West or South-west of there can be no other ending than added just as the peace between to do so, tust anyone would collect with other vexations conditions, communication, sad while the ties certain province in 1912 was given Peking into Shamsi, Shenai and through Victory!

the Federale and Confederates the currency of the country to-has only such elasticity as the between them and the Federal to the writer in confidence as bei Szechuan the country is eminently This belief is shared by the was a just peace, founded on just gether in order to bay ar. Yetmasters of finance permit it to Government must of necessity being shou: 7,112 for the year, of adapted for such roads, and the English and Rassisos, not to principles-disarmament and the we may possibly and unconscious have, no matter how many legiti elastic a real lack of control exist which over 600 were executed, and whole country only needa soch speak of the Italiane. In the case abolution of slavery which left, ly have sold ourselves, not aged mate transactions individuals may in many cases merely because the while this does not probably communications to enable it to of the English it can be explained nevertheless, the Southern States and fall of knowledge like Feast, be anxious to execute, no matter people are so shut off from outside repres ita fair average, still there develop as other countries far less from the fact that they are in their liberty and the means of but when we were too young to what Government officials may communication that they become must be at all times within the gifted with natural resources have violable in their island; and as restoring their agriculture and understand or remember, and our be termed Comptrollers of the intensely localized and have all empire at least fifteen thousand done. the traits of character and feeling criminals who might be used to

for the Rassiane by the faith that comire ce, so will the peace that Mephistopheles may have remain-Currency, Motor tractors and lorries are they have in the very immensity the Allies will impose upon their ed unobtrusively in the back- In every other quality desirable to communities whose profit by the community on road not expensive either in firet cost of their country. With the French enemies be a jast pesce, founded ground, pulling hidden stringe in currency, 18.. aniversal geographical position precludes work.

or up keep, and if these are the phenomenon is more curious: on just principles-disarmament which direct car movements to demand, admitting of division into social and commercial intercourse The bulk of work to be done is objected to, then steam tractors their country is still invaded at and the abolition of imperial and his bidding. Certainly we know units, aniformity of value, easy, with their fallow subjects in parely manual in character, and of similar pattern to those which thin very moment it will con- autocratic tyranny, yet it will that we are not free agents. portability and durability, bank- neighbouring provinces.

would not require either the en-are doing each good service inringe te be so for's long time to leave to Germany her natural Unless we can lay our hande opon ing credit cannot be excelled. Again, most of the interni in ployment of expensive foreign aid Europe to-day can be had at come, maybe and they belong frontiers and the means of work- a portion of this limited legal ten- As between nations, there is zo dustries of China suffer from lack or tools, although it would pro- relatively low cost and be capable to one of the most intelligent ing for

civilization, France, der currency, or pay a penny legal tender currency. of free communication. Many bably pay the government to get of long life. Coal and coke being racza in the world; intelligence is England, Russis, Italy, Balgiam. cheque-toll on a claim to it from international transactions, bank- industries indeed, are impossible the work organized and started plentiful in most provinces of the chief trait in their character, and Serbia havs is their aim a one or other of the bankers who ing credit alons is employed, with owing to the fact that no means of by some very competent organiser, China their fuel and up-keep costa Now, to an intelligent being, peace only of reconciliation seem to have an inexhaustible chiefly the bill of exchange as the communication exist." Mining in and engineer who knew both the would probably be even lower fatile effort is repugnant; it is in through justice; and that is what supply of it, we ste so little like bank cheque, and the ups and many provinces does not pay for the country and people; and while than motor lorries, In France the essence of his intelligence. If makes them so strong. They are free agents that we cannot feed, downs of the foreign exchanger same reason, and mule and camel there might not be sufficient and Britain to-day goode can be Frenchmen felt themselves beat fighting that there may be no clothe, or house ourselves, but are merely register the price which hauls of four and five hundred skilled bridge builders, masons transported by road cheaper than en, if they thought their sacrifices more ware, and no more infatuated in a worse position than the old operators in business n.ust pay for miles are by no means uncommon, and carpenters among the crimi by trin, and government loads up were of no use there is not a and helmeted tyrants.

Bouthern darkies who were openly the extra services rerfarmed by while certain trade routes of up nala employed and at the disposal to eighty five tons per piece have Government nors General on wards of a thousand miles are of the authorities such men could been

Every Frenchman knows all sold as alsves. In their case the banks in tansforming it into han led .00 ordinary earth who could force them to go those things, the inevitable out they had to be provided terms of the standard of value of kept open only by animal traffic probably be hired at a very much British roads, daring the last on with the war; they would in- come of a war of attrition against by their purchaser with all one country or sucther. Within over the worst trails imaginable. lower cost than has been found year by steam tractare. If this stat on a settlement straightaway adversaries whose population will of these necessaries of life, even certain limite it is possible for The Chinese officials fail to possible in foreign lande. war has proved nothing else it and make the best they could out be used up before thas of the if they were made to work. Of international financiers to arrange roognise that the lack of roads

The actual cost per mile would, has proven that the road lorry of the simation.

Allies; the benefits from mastery course, the bankers only seem to between themselves what these has far reaching political and of course, vary enormously with sad tractor sa now constructed On the contrary, they are firmly of theses; the advantage of fight possess an inezhanstible supply rates of exchange shall be.—Oss commercial effects, and that much the varying conditions met with, can go over practically any sar- resolved to go on to the end, in ing for a cause which is that of of legal tender currency. They wald Stoll in the Daily Chronicls:

troops of

THEN AND NOW ?

The Amerian Civil War and

this War.

A Just Peace.

under

of