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during the very short voyage across the clone. This may be considered to bsd very advantageous concession to us by the other Powers; för, were it not agreed to, "the enemy might insist upon their right to seize conditional contraband carried in neutral ships, if its ultimate destination, after having been first discharged in a neutral port, were shown to be a port of Great Britain. The former law in this respect was as stated in Konis International Law "The question is oneof intout. Did, the animus importandi terminate at the intermedinte port, or look to an ulterior port? Was it, under the cirenastances, a bona fide importation, ending at the intermediato port, or mere contrivance to cover the or- iginal scheme

of the voyage

to the ulterior port?" This was the true principle of the cases as declared by Sir Wil- Ham Grant in the William Rob. 385, and recognized in the United States." The Declaration of London sottles this question, so far as regaris conditional contraband, and makes it immaterial with what intent gouds of that description oro carried in Hentral ship to a neutral port the iden doubtless boing that belligeronts should be allowed to interfore as little as possible with the apparently legitimato trade of neutral countries.

Except for this one concession it is difficult to see what benefit our la country can have been expected to gain by joining in the Declaration, and so abandoning, certain principles which we have long endeavoured to uplald.

"

MAKING HISTORY.

(24th July

•

n

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH SATURDAY JULY 29 19ır

RATIONAL EDUCATIONAL REFORM.

(25th July.)

This labour in its riglit obannols, viz, the development of the coun- try's resources, would menu the lifting of China from tho morass of financial embarrassment to the heights of solvonoy, China's true method of reform, and Prince Oking knows it, lics in, firstly, governmental readjustinent and, secondly, in the botter employment of latent labour. Money must follow the lattor.

CHINESE CALENDAR REFORM.

(27th July.)

SHIPPING IN THE EAST.

(28th July.)

THE RIGHTS, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF SHAREBROKERS.

Thoro will appear in the “Tel graph" on Saturday next, one a sorios of articles entitled TI Rights, Duties and Liabilition Sharebrokers." These artiol will berend with interest by man

...

The Canton Educational. Association, which was organised in 1900, is desirous of bringing the schools of Southern China within roach of a better system of education than they have at present. The schools of to-day are of Government administration and while in view of the progress China is making in other directions it would ba anfair to indulgo in any lengthy criticism of the ways and means of the government schools, it has been the verdict of many an export,

"I never know the old gentleman with the soythe und hour gluser, wo misread the signs of 31 that thora is considerable room for improvement. Old customs always dio hard and the old scholastic methods seem to cling with a wonder- bring anything but grey hairs, thin ohcoke and loss of teeth." Dry times. An article on the san ful tenacity to a life which must inevitably pass from them the den like all western people took time seriously. It was not to be subject will appear each wed sooner, the bettor. We have remarked in n previous article that in played with, and the correct method of existence was to live in the past until the series is complete. The some parts of China the difficulty of aduentional reform is intenst and worry over tho futuro. In China another contradiction is will be instructive and will doub fied by the fact that masters of the old school are having to suit added to the list which forms the great peculiarity of the loss evoke considerable discussio

race. They live in the present, forgot as little as possible of if not criticism: themselves to the Western style of thought. In Canton the case does not appear to alter and though, in this instance, the fault does the past and make gentle preparation for the future, Time is not

CHINA'S NAVAL not lie so much with the masters, the fact remains that in Canton in country to which the passing of a century is but as a dream in the progress of education is remarkably slow. To take for example the night. According to a message from Poking, Duke Toni Tso,

PREPARATIONS. the elementary course provided by the government, it is found the one of the progressivista at prosent holding office, has put forward

A Survey of the Const curriculum embraces only ethics, Chinese and arithmetic. Con- proposals for the reform of the Chinese calendar. If his sugges sequently students are thrown back, in the very beginning of their lions come to anything at all, the Japanose precedent of adopting (THE "TELEGRAFI" CORRESFORDENT education, on to a prior teaching, or a surfeit of book learning. Of the Western calendar will be followed and conservative China will

Canton, July 25, 1011. course it is only fair to admit that oven Western peoples have paid again in anothor instance como into line with the other nations of

The admiralty luns justarrange too much attention to the book, and that the Chinose are merely the world. Imperfect as the Westerncalondur is, the universal adop-an

oxtonsivo programmu... making the same orror as we ourselves only a doonde book. It is tion of one system will tend to facilitate international relation,s reorganizing China's Navy, only in qe modern times that the true end of education though as a matter of fact the Occidental calendar is bristling with which it may be found, detailed has been fully comprehended, viz., to sharpen the child's observation, incongruition. This is probably due to the fact that the calendar was the preliminary stops toward Without any of the alarums and excursions thations would have and to train it to use the book of nature, to acquire as much know- complied when religious necessities were of paramount importance this end, and has sent & copy expected after the outbursts of the various Lords when the Vets 13 11 letgo first hand rather than attain a learning which suvours over and now that business demands an altoration of the present system, His Excellonay tho Canton Vic came before thoin, this mousure is passed its third reading and now onch of the midnight oil. The result of this fundamental error in any attempt to alter the method of ascertaining the date of Gooday. The admiralty conside the darling of the Liberal Canens goes back to its origin tara spedagogy is apparently a product of the old system of Chinese Friday, any prosposal to sorap those weird puzzles, at the beginning that things portaining to

oilovation. Nor does the criticism and here. There is a far more of the Church of England Prayer Book, which ninety-nine in a hundred establishment of naval station alterod that its own parents will hardly know it The passing of ions file to be found in a system whose elementary course, con- cannot use, will meet with the opposition of the average clnrolunan, formation of the squadrons, su the third reading metst not be, takon in any way to mark an abject fined as it it to the most rudimentary book lore, oxtonde over a period Old customs die hard. It is equally expected that the proposal to voying the coastlines, and draw submission on the part of the Lords. It is simply the stop usually of five years. This in itsolf is a serious obstacle to the majority of drop the Chinese calendar with its cumbersome divisions will being skotches of the physical fou taken prior to the returning of an monded bili to the Lawor Chineso, for very fow can afford to go to school for the period which strongly opposed by the proletariat, though significant movements tures of the places along il ons, and in this or is only serves to precipitate the crisis that the government has planned for them. This has been recognised have been made in this direction already. At the same time it is east, with particulars of the Iris boon long in the air. That a crisis must don't serius almost and we are glad to know that a shorter period is being introduced to be hoped that the many beautiful and quaint customs that are natural inavitable for the declarations of the Cabinet Ministors have been by the government.

insoparable from the Chinose calendar should be retained, if the new defence

importance to t of tho sons, mu parfortly decisive qa the subject, au I wo may taka it as certain that The Canton Educational Association is attempting to assist system comes into vogue. For instance it would be a matter of be carefully and thorough tho analmus, rasisted on by the lords, will not for ours, minut matters by preparing helps to study and holding examinations. A regret if Li Chun, or the "beginning of spring" word to pass from considered. Speaking of China be entertaine 1. Wo as a nation, stand at the parts of the ways curriculum is already being discussed by the association and should the ken of future generations or at Tsing Ming, the day for coastline it has a length of seve and fast are now only two rols to be taken as is nearly the it be accepted it will doubtless be found to work exceedingly well. costral veneration, should over be forgotten. There are others ral thonsand lis, and extends from extensom of the path we have already trod and thy other strikes For parallel cursos frice boon drawn up, and are intended to fit a that might bementioned but we hope that only the syston and not the the mouth of the Yalu River i across the terra" "Thorgains of a new constitution, for a new into enter any special school he should subsequently desire. It feast days be copied from the West, our mothod is by no means the three Eastern Provincos righ goustinein will be disposeted in saning of the reforms laid down goes further. In fact many an European curriculum is put to. Perfect; it is as we have said full of incongruition. The holidays are down to Yuanchow and King in the bill. If the Gogan is reditary and the list few accassions slame for if a setiolar outers for a particular profession and reads not evenly distributed and the movement of two of them is a distinct chow in Kwongtung Provinc sap to put boatlo fet dnt it is, it stands in the very same for that sole object, he is not rondered helpless by failure to attain invenience to many. Howevor the adoption of one universal traversing many parts of Feng place as the Pearage, Tas Crown is the fount of honour and his end. His hucation has been too general to allow him to be will be a matter for congratulation, and wo hope that Dukotion, Chinwanglao, Taku, Wo to take the simile farther the Pears the nasry adjuncts come a victim of specialising, and a business career, thanks to the Tai Teo's proposals will be carried through.

hai-wei, Chiefoo, Kiapolow Ba thereof. To continue the quotation the treasury is, tho spring scope of the curriculum, is still opan to him. We hope that the

(near Teingtau), the mouth of th of business" and it would soon that is a real where business time will come when Chins will adopt, throughout the length and

Yellow Rivor, that of the Yangtze interasts any, paramount, this treasury and the baly from whicle breadth of the Empire, such a systom as the association. The whole

Chusan, San Moon Wan (both i it derives its power, Big Comnias, samfd rom in in the premier secret of China's vonorable youth is her reasonableness-her roadi-

Chekiang Province), Amoy, M position. While out of pure reason, this hypothesis must be ne-ness of compromiso and when the need for a batter system of

The "Economist" for Juno 21 in a specially propated articlo or Kinng Kow (in Fukion Province esptal aby oxistants of the House of loods and the influence that eluention is really brought home to her, it is safe to expect that old rather series of articles, in a supplement devoted to the consideration and Bocca Tigris (in Canton). A it hus hud upon the laidorg of the nation, an influence for good we fashions will yield place to the now to the lasting good of the rising of English shipping in the various parts of the world, says that it thoso places are important, from venture to think, com as a large factor into the question. If the generations.

would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of the Far Eastern naval defonco point of view Lords aro lighting for a retognition of the principle that they have a

route to British shipowners. Not only is practically the whole trade and if equipped with up-to-dat right to exert a revisionary power over the work of the Commons, they

with our biggest customer, India, carried by the British ships, but fortifications or turned into nave must have the support of all who are in favour of this continuance of

a large share of the coasting trade is in the same hands. The first basos, will probably bar the attack the two clamber system, but if their fight is simply maintained for

steamer to sail to India was the Enterprise which left London for of China's intended invaders, Th the purpom of retaining empty logislative honour, they must in thei

Calcutta in August 1825. The voyage took three months and twenty- Admiralty requests the Viceroy long ro alieal to the sympathies of the majority of their supporters, Prince Ch'ing, who at one time seemed to have borne a most Before the space of elovon years had passed a regular steamship Provincos to express their opinion two days for at that timo the Suez Canal had not even been dreamt of. and Governors of the Maritime What is the position at the presont magent? So far enviable cha acter in matters political, has, it appeara, changed service had been established between Suez and Bombay while, only as to the spots suitable for the as the balls can tell us, there is a feeling in existence that from the ugly duckling, which obstructed the progress of Chinese three years later, the F. and O. Company secured the government establishment of naval stations the Lord should not force their angendments but pass the bill, on the reform, into a veritable swan-like croature of the most boupficant contract for the carriage of mails to India. It might then be said and the way in which the strength Contmons refusing to accept it as it now stands. That we think is intentions. It was not many months ago that many of the European that it was that time, which marked the real commencement of the of China's fleet should be divided a most mistaken policy. If the amendments are of any use. now Pross wore holding forth in no mild terus against the man who scored present trade with the Fur East. Of courso it would be idle to and stationed in the different naval they have been mole: if they afford any protection from the possibile placing obstacle after obstacle in the way of those who were an- say that no trade had hitherto existed, for ships had visited Ching bases (to be established) for the lities of wild en legisktion, if they secure the continance of those xious to bring the millenniui into China at express rate. It is probable and, if momory serves a right, English plenipotentiarios had protection of the coasts. How- parts of the constitution which have been found to be of such that this was merely an error of judgment on the part of his critics, or paid their rospects to Pokin. Though the Indian trade and thus ever, the survey of the coastline, inestimable value to the country, then not only should they be in the alternative the suggestion lays that Prince Ching underwent a curly boon establislied, the merchants who worked over thislengthy and the drawing of a complete insisted up, but the light continued to its bitterest culmination, sudden conversion to the cause. We are not asking for anything in the shape of a civil war or any the real state of affairs, for if the statements of the Prince pro of was the carriage of their goods across thio isthmus of Suoz and re-essential to sea dofonce, and of It really mattora little which was trade route had to face considerable difficulties not the loast of which plan of the places along the coast appeal i have such as was suggested by many of the more fiery any value at all, they most certainly show that not only has he ship at the other side. The advent of the canal thirty years after China's territorial zones, mean a speakers at the last general election but we do say that if the measure, god grasp of the needs of the Empire, but that he fully in the P. and O. had secured the mail contracts, was the chief factor in great amount of work as well as an assistedupan by the heterogenousmajority of the House of Commons, tends to actively assist in working out China's new salvation. It the development of trada with the Orient, and it stands to Britain'sere-inmenso expenditure unless the is such as to entail a clauge of the constitution for the worse, even if has been said, and doubtless there is a scintilla of truth in the ditthat she was able to be the first in the field and secure many of the Viceroys and Governors of the that "wopsis" is purely academic, the lords are perfectly justified in statement, that the secret of China's seeming perpetual youth is plums that only waited to bo plucked. Some had been gathored by Maritime Provinces can see their doing their utmost to lexistit, The government will soon have to the wonderful reasonableness of the people and if the new Prime the racy old toa clippers, but the main crop was waiting for the way to find the funds and fix the decide whether they will create the necessary number of Pears to Minister is at alla criterion the saying is fully justified. Despite the more speedy and reliable steamship. From the earliest connections period by which the work of sur onsure the attainment of their onds, and, let it be understood fact that his decaying health was advanced on his bohalf as a plea with China and also, for that matter, with Japan as well, one of the veg and drawing the plan can be at the very outset that they have the support of a very varible for the non-acceptance of office, he has had to fill the role and one of difficulties that beset the pioneers of the Eastern trade was the ignor completed, it is unlikely that precedent, a precedent that has become an actual part of the man- his early speeches that delivered at a recent inecting of the Chinese ant conservatism of these two countries, and until the treaty ports on China's navy will be materially stitution. Thoreforo Mr. Asquith is perfectly within his rights if he Cabinet-shows that he has determined on as strong a policy of ro- the Yangtse were opened in 1860 the risks attending ventures in the improved in gos so far as to create the noble five hundred, but wo wonder what form as the times, and the state of the country, will permit. Ac- Orient, wore such as would have dampened the courage of many a strength, While the Admiralty standard and will be the result upon the feelings of the country at large. We cording to his version the late Dowager Empress, Hsia Ching and the merchant of the present day, wonder if the old, old ery of "Down with the Lards" will have lato Emperor Kuang Usu, were both aware of the critical stage that

holds the power of appointing the same effect, when he tells the nation at large that even after he had been arrived at in the history of the Empire, and ordered the oigashippersseemed to have held a complete monopoly of the carrying arrangements for this project, The British trade for a tune waxed exceeding great and tho for the official for carrying out tho has succeeded in drawing the dragon's teeth, it is necessary to further introduction of a constitutional government, as the only method of trade with naturally a preponderating proportion in favour of the and superintending the work reform the ere"-ture. It cannot be thought that the present issue is "muking the country strong." Their wishes have been followed out English. It would appear from the figures, that the "Economist" of surveying the coastline, any the more pleasant for the leaders of the present conglomeration by the ministers of Hauan Tung, who noticing the growing demand has laid before the public, that the high water mark as far as the drawing plan, etc., to be done in of government than it is for the opposition. They know that if they of the people have shortened the period for the introduction of the occidental nations are concerned was reached in 1005 altor the existing stato of affairs it is incumbent upon them to put now order of things. This is the departure from the old policy of this year, the tonnage entering, and clearing from Japan-duty of the Viceroys and Gover In the maritime provinces, it is the something as good in their place. That is one of the first things that oxclusive consorvativism, and a taking to the paths, totally new to ese ports-this is the only country, for which figures are nors of the above mentioned pro- would be demanded by the people at large, and woo betide the party Chinese, of progressivism. The first stop was the creation of a available was about twenty-five millions, foreign, and three vinces to give their co-operative that betrays the people in this respect. We have that confidence in Cabinet very much on the lines of the English parallel though it is million six hundred thousand, Japanese. The next three years supports and efforts to the no the sagacity of the British public, to be sure that any measure perhaps unfortunato that what, for lack of a batter term, we saw a wonderful change come over the state of affairs, and the tonnage complishment of the work, so that which savours of hate or ill advice will meet with instant con- will call the Inner Cabinet, should be dominated by four or five of Japanese ships rose with phenominal quickness to over seventeen the hope for the successful re- demnation, and more certain are we that they will not submit to ministers who are minus portfolios. It may be some years before we million, while the tonnage of the other nations showed a de-organization of her navy may be rule by general election. If in any way the power of revision is see commoners occupying, ministorial positions, and though this is crease of about two millions. There has been, if our deduo-realized. The Admiralty will taken away or even limited we are simply playing at two chamber the ideal and the Chinese are far from that at present, the substitute tions are legislation, with an emasculated upper house which, already of is quite excellent from a progressive point of view,

correct, an increase, we might say a substanti-hava a spot selected for the in- venerable antiquity, is being hurried into an enfeebled, dotageė. Thon the whole question comes to this either the second house of political economy when he said that the many reforms, necessary, view of those facts a slight attack of pessimism is quito justifiable, of the work of surveying the Prince Ching was only recognising the elementary principles nations not had their share, but they have actually lost ground. In for superintending the progress al iperense in the volume of trade, but not only have the western stitution of the principal burónu has free powers for revision or there be no upper chamber at all were absolutely dependent on the supply of money. He has re- There can be no blinking at the fact, that Japan, at least, has constline and it would soom that the proposals of Lord Lansdowne, imperfect cognised us some of the western politicians fail to lave done, that proved herself quite capable of maintaining her own trade, and that of the plans submitted. Branch

and for though they may o in many respects, are more acceptable, for the true fundamental underlying all State budgetting is, not that the she will in the near future be a more serious rival in a wider sphere bureaus will be established in the approving they preserve the rights of the assembly, with an alteration of expenditure should be proportionate to the income, but the income than that which sho has up to the present been engaged in. The maritime provinces, the expenses its composition, the hereditary principle goes, but the power to the expenditure. Consequently financial reform is the first and future is not absolutely devoid of hope; the matter comes down to in connection with their upkeep remains. You cannot do away with the powers of the House and then burning need of the hour. We must confess however that we are one of sheer breinoss competition and as long as the fight is straight, to be defrayed out of the reform it without giving it its old powers, and if that be the amused by the bland naivote of the remark as the Minister of we say "Let the bost man win." Only we hope that the best man will case, and in the future Mr. Asquith attemps to romodel the Lords Finance is experienced in the subject, he will soon find all methods always be our own country, he stands confessed that the measure that has caused so much available for it." The Psalmist saith "Put not your trust in princes

LABOUR AND CHINESE REFORM.

(2014 July)

pother was but a party weapon fashioned for purely party ends. nor in any child of man," but probably Prince Ch'ing does not know

he hope that, for the codit of the British nation, this will not be of this. There seems to be a promise in his speech that the agricul

80.

沪

Daring Kidnappers.

A 20-year-old prostitute and a

Boom Affects MarriageTM

Though unbelievablo, the rise

1

respective provincial funds. The business of these sub-bureaus will bo to perform the work of survey It would be a sorry sight to the model that the world tural possibilities and the natural resources are about to be dove-native youth wore charged before

ing the coastline and drawing, has copied, prostituted to pure party ends and if the loped. The promise is only one of assumption, for there is no Mr. J, It. Wood at the Magistracy and fall of Shanghai rubbershares The Admiralty has already framed plans, and they are to be under control of the principal bureau. present reform is permanent it is stamped as the very refusal of the Commons to admit the amendments China's mineral wealth alone would mean much for the Empire at three-year-old girl. It appears suing of local marriage licenses verning the management of the bad by definito statement. We hope it will be true, for the development of on Thursday with kidnapping a las considerable effect upon 18-a list of univerval regulations go of the Lords. It is, if the alterations are rejected, the clearost pos- largo, Per capita the wealth of China is small. The reason is not far that the first defendant went to a Several ossos are known in which branch bureaus in the provinces, Bible assertion that the ultimate aim of the Liberal party is single to seak. The perfunctory raising of crops, the few opportunities honssin Canton and on the protoxt young mon proposed during the and will soon appoint a higli com chamber government. The Veto Bill will stand as such and the whole of indulging in higher and more valuable forma. of work, and tho of taking the child into a shop for height of the rubber boom and missioner to go round the pro world, the world that has been content to follow where we haveled, diversion of rauch labour to the performance of trivial, and praali- the purchase of some catables, she young ladies accepted. Now, says vincos, with power to select that will have the opportunity of standing, by and watching the subver- cally worthless industry is responsible for much of the povarty that doprived the parents of the help the Cluna Record, they are spots for the naval bases and to sion of that upon which many have founded their governments. The exists. As everyone knows there are millions of mon of excellent lose mite, who at present cannot patiently awaiting the arrival of investigate the defects (if any) 61 hour makes history and the Liberal party are writing themost peculiar physique doing work for a few cents a day whore their bodily be found and is belloved to have the next boom in order that they the respective provincial naval pago tlist the world hasover peen.

capabilities are potentially worth & suur with the dollar as uult, boonsold. The caso was remanded. may fulfil their promlace. strength,

,