The Hongkong Telegraph.
NEW SERIES No./ 5806
CONTENTS
“Births, Marriages and Deaths.
Leading Articles
Trade Depression, (+/- Mularia In the New Terrijorjas. Casting Our Bread on the Waterf)) : The Cry of the Starving
Chinese Immigrants in Canada"
heo British Stamen Rule the Raps), Hongkong Reviewed by the Goverdo
Telegrams
The West River.
France and Ching..
Germany and China.
The Chinese Telegraphs.
Constitutional Government,
The Yoonan lacident.
Chinesa Telegraphe
The Flood..
National Bonds.
Arms Seisure.
Yuansai
Shanghai "Cause Celebre."
The Yunnan Affair.
U. S. Battleship Fleet.
Peking-Hankow Railway. An Editor's Jaunt. National Bank of Chian. Taxation.
TJ
Parliament for Chian.
Dismissed Officials.
Salt.
Koatings:-
di-Legislative Council.
Kulangan Opium Shopa.
Kulangen (Amoy) Municipal Council,
Legal Intelligence
The Shalin Murder.
The Recent Hongkong Divorce Case.
As Administrator's Respossibility,
Purchasing a Junk.
Promissory Note Dispute..
Ship Captain Suad.
A Lady's Claim,
Question of an Adjournment.
Pollos:-
The Poisoning Trial;" Alleged Embezzlement. -The West. Point Murder.
Embezzlar Convicted.
Glan Fight at West Point,
Old Sweethearts Met
A Countryman and a Draft.
Miscellaneoni Artioles and Reporti :
Calamitous Floods..
West River Floods.
The Powan Disaster.
Steamer Petronía on Fire,"
Hoogkong in 1907,
King's Birthday Honours","
Kowloon-Cunton Railway.
The Late.Ex-President Claveland.
Hongkong Hotel.
Fatal Collision in the Harbour.
Property Sale..
Kowloon Hotel,
Private Conveniences.
The Tinyo Maru
Interesting Glimpses of Trade Prospecte.
Railways in China,
Tired of Prison Life,
Inspector Warnock's Retirèment.
The Taik b Dockyard
Volunteer Troop Camp.
Causeway Bay Shelter?
Hongkong Volunteers.
Consul Lairia.
Kowloon Catholic Club.
Lawn Bowls.
American Shipping on the Pacific.
Marine Court."
Volunteer Corps Orders:
Raub Crushing.
Canton Day by Day.
The Opium Question. Chinese Bick Notes. HE Tong Shao-yi.. Opium in Foochow.
-翼八十二月五年四十三精光
DEATHS, ARA
SUPPLEMENT.
ESTABLI
FRIDAY
the object, if we recollect aright of keep ** Qna Junq 14, 1908, at Shanghai, PETER the water pure and fresh, and he called TAYLOR, late Dock Master of The Shanghai opinions as to the best method to be adopte Dock and Englanering Co, Ld; 'nged 40. years.
On June 15, 1908, at Shanghai, MORTIMER towards securing this end. Whether anythin SEELEY HUSTED of the I. M. Customs Service, further has been done in the matter we an son of Major, E. Sealey-Hosted, U.S. Army, unaware, but the scheme certainly had the (retired) of East Norwalk, Connecticut, U,B.A.,approval of all those who pretended to bare aged 34 years.
any knowledge of the question. In the same connection it taky not be inapproche priate, to"consider the possibilities under
The Hongkong Celegraph lying another scheme to which are attributed
* MAIL SUPPLEMENT, ISSUED GRÁTIS, 10. SUBSCRIBERS.
HONGKONG, FRIDAY, JUNE:26, 1908..
TRÅDE DEPRESSION. (20th June.) Writing to a contemporary on the dark cloud that has been gathering over the com mercial horizon in the Straits Settlements, a correspondent observed that there were
the other has moved ne, any way to either
with trouf
3mpossible to disguise the fact that disaster which has overtaken; the neigh ring provinces of Kwangtud
the ind
virtues calculated to lead eventually to the suppression of malaria The Colony of Hongkong fiself cannot be described being generally malarious although there are the districts which are notoriously, dangerous to those who may be subject to malaria." "Butt on the mainland and along the route of thai, Kowloon Canton railway ample proof-parted tha forthcoming at a moment's notice that buck of the most insidious' fevers known to me The number of hospitali patients drawn from dical science has obtained a firm footings,
the most osperity of ere, pwing to the
ionaries who
Rentry
and even" yett
Cheap
Radd/Distril 100 Bureau is at work levia the rank and file of the fallway workersing in a measure the existing distress among
the scourge. Other causes may, of course
owing to a knowledge of this characteristic of life on the mainland that the late Mr. A. H. Rennie resolved to accommodate the principal employes engaged at the Junk Bar purpose acquired a hulk which was wreck ed in ilongkong harbour and fitted it up as a convenient residence, anchored off the mills. That being, so, it in obvious that if
of years, at a minimum of expense, such
past would be succeeded by at least, ope fat,
auton, and that the ihas not failed
receivin
there beer
hing
hey would have been the trust reposed in them brthy of their own reputatio For
inve risen to the occaalon and |
the utmost of "utmost to justify the cogidance of tier.compat But if the (come (ifco, ¿f (be. Tung Wa--which is, the readable body when maiters affecting Chipete, affairs aro concerned-bave done their best, it is to be feared that red tape and
The subject of Chỉ erennial interest on
ly owing to the attitude
tates fabind
powerful; labour uni political machine. the agitation fant the Government of Itself in a serious predicame time it seemed if the oppõied not merely to thei nese coollès, but were aga of all Chinese irrespec their visit or their standi the Cantonese declared American products Kay, and made it an effective. bal to Penang 156 forel Pacific slope bes they modified their atuled immigrants one of the great markets in the world would be closed to
being freely allowed to land. That con against American goods was for all practical purposes removed. In Canada the problem of Chiness Immigration was largely solved by the imposition of a heavy poll tax of 5 goo act a barrier against the coplle class, Naturally, the enterprising agents of Chinesa labour resorted to new tactics. If the Chi- ness cooller could not be fimported except
would the language of exaggeration, but we those in high offices as it does to the Chinese into being. The authorities took steps to
two organisations which are expected to look owing to the contractión of malarial fever in the peasantry in the outlands. Every hope seating wax are still capable of successfully and a compromise was reached after the interests of those Settlements. The immense, and not a few have succumbed to entertained that the lean years of the opposing anything like, bustle, and "'onergy, ['agreed that only Chinese coolies, should be first of these is the Straits Settlements have been at work but malaria was the prime on, but to a large extent that hope was even when the lives of hundreds of Chinese excluded, merchants, tourists and sociation, which is an absolutely independent
are at stake. The old circumlocutory methods body, whose sole aim and object is to factor in the death of the victims. It was destroyed by the continued drought which of officialdom stiil serve to thwart and delay cession greatly cleared the air and the, ban protect and assist all legitimate enterprise in
blighted the paddy fields in the early, months the trailsettlements. The second body
of this year. It was enlisted that instead progress even in a matter of life and death, and up to the time of writing it would seem to which the correspondent refers is the
next mire its garnered the crop would as if the Government of Hongkong bad Singapore Chamber of Commerce. This
old mure than 30 per cent of an aver utterly failed to realise the importance very conservative Association is supposed. Flour Mills on a floating house; and for that output. Even that was better than of expedition, or at all events are not gold which it was believed would serve to
most particular care of the
nowe B (or to that extent, the purchasing convinced that there is any special to fake
power of the people would be increased, and necessity for a display of haste. Of course interests of those engaged in com-
the burden on the gentry and merchants of the fact that a certain number of people are merce in and "of the whole Straits Settlements in general.
thetho that province lightened. But fate perishing at a certain place or places for The writer urges that, during the long time any plan is presented 'whereby reasonati in the shape of a remarkable freshet has want of bread, and are likely to fall victima after the payment of the tax then he must be southern Settlements, neither one body nor mosquito will be exterminated after a term of the people. It is no desire on our part drowning, may not appeal with such force to in contraband Chinese-immediately aprang ameliorate, the position or suggest what plan is worthy of every consideration by the would suggest that readers might for a mio community who understand the situation, and check the illegal traffic, only to find them-~ should be done to prevent further difficulties. Government. And it is in this respect ment transfer their thoughts from the Fu for that reason the inaction shown may be par-selves.checkmated by: a new phase of the He proposes that, if those two bodies are that we arrive at the analogy of the and West Rivers to the Thames, and fancy doned. Nothing more clearly indicates how law, Last year a number of Chinese were too effete to even try to suggest some means propusel to stock, the reservoirs with that for two hundred miles the entire valley extremely grave is the state of affairs as con- arrested in Montreal and sent to geol on the of dealing with the situation which the trout. It would seem that in certain of that placid stream was submerged to the ceived by the members of the Tung Wa than charge, of being in Canada without having sister Colony is now confronted with, it of our West Indian possessions the medical depth of, say, twenty feet and that vessels the speedy manner in which they went to work paid the poil-tax. It was shown that the should he possible to convene a general fraternity has noted with interest the ponere traversing the old route without seeing to secure the meang essential for the dismen. had been smuggled in by a small vessel. meeting of traders to discuss the situation. existence of the anopheler mosquito and the the erstwhile smiling fields, for days, that in patch of relief to the famine-stricken sur and to the lay mind it looked as if they were- Commenting, on the correspondent's letter, consequent absence of malaria. The con fact the landscape was composed of water vivors of the flood, The Tung Wa members as guilty of the offence as the man who did the Singapore Free Prean writes editorially:ditions were entirely favourable to the spread, and then consider how that circumstance received telegrams at 8 pm, last night, out the smuggling. The courts, however, took
There can be no two opiniona at the of malaria and the propagation of the in would affect the reading publici: But because lining the conditions prevailing along the a different view and a result of habeas: present, time of financial paralysis, in this fecling, mosquito, but neither the one nor China is a country of untold, millions, losses route from Samshul to Wuction; the com- corpus proceedings the Chinese were set at Colony that the question that our corres the other was known to exist, or, at all which in Europe would become historic are wittee were called together and the conclu-liberty on the ground that, while they could pondent. Very Small lays before the pubite events, if they existed at all the instances passed by as it of common-place interest, if sion was immediately arrived at that "a big be refused adminion to Canada if they did In a letter printed this morning, is one, that traced were infinitesimal. In there circuni of interest at all. There can be no doubt, calamity had befallen them, not only in not pay the poll-tax, once inside Canada, whe comes directly home to every one engaged stances it was obvious that there was however, that this calamity will deal a serious Kwangsi but the whole Province of Kwangther they paid the poll-tax or not, they could in commerce or in the professions in this some hitherto undiscovered reason why the blow, to the Southern provinces. If the tung. Such language coming from stald, not bë jotërsered with. The decision was re ters into every relation of daily business life. kind in such an island as Barbadoes formatter would wear a different aspect, but significantà A·som of $10,000 was voted forit seemed to put a premium on smuggling, and the pressure, nobody seems to be able from that West Indiao possession, to been for years they have as much, prospect emergency loan, and the members on the the high duty would naturally tempt adveil Very precisely to say what that trouble is eind on the subject, quoted a report mabichiscovering & way out of the difficultly a spot themelves subserited $5,000 towards turers to get them ashola de martes ma a church fat. The last of their posters on the relief of their companom. As regards broyght, 10% the attention of the Canadian that should be by Major Hodder, R. E, to the War Office and what are the measures thatrespondent somethireeyears ago in which it was stated that has been wrenched from them as if by ironic the Chinese abroad the imprimatur of Government, which was called tiposi to enact lake the onus of initiative on two bodies, from his observations the anopheles could, or devilly and they are no better than beggars the Registrar-General has to be ob additional restrictive measures which would fax the obtaining at common counsel did, only breed on the ground level; none in the land beggars by compulsioneretained before any appeal can be made have the effect of providing against the which shall have for its end the palliating of of the larvae being found in tanks which were list the most grievous evil of the situation, by telegram and although the Tung continuance of an obvious anomaly, 16 a the financial and ttadal confusion in which raised a few feet from the earth, or even in the mug and unctuous Pharisee might fold a representatives met that official, to
man who had been smuggled into Canada the Colony finds itself at present. Without those which were actually resting on the bit what will lay for tre rarererate days, day, and in accordance with his desire without payment of the poll-tax become discussion it is impossible to assess the res-ground. The culex can, on the other hand, but what will happen if these people are
sent him a written statement embodying thereby citizen of Canada, the discussion it in impossummiert, by its selec-breed in the gutters on the roofs of high loft to their own devices). There is a quaint the action of the directorate and whole intention of the law was de Honsibility Late Cure for the value of the buildings as easily as in the low lying swamps Americanism which says that the world must not be forgotten that the Registrar feated. Last month, we learn, a Govern dollár, enters into an actual responsibility; and pools. The writer proceeds to state that once you chow on the syllogistic prin: General-is-himself ex officio fend of ment measure was read second time dular, enter into an actual credited with Mr. C. Kentiek Gibbons, who had given a ciple that you had no say in the matter of the Tung: Wa Hospital-no answer one in the Canadian Senate specially designed the removal of large bodies of currency from good deal of attention to the matter, pointed arriving here, and no man, be he black,
"aftemoon_from" the Government depart-on Canadian soil without leave or licence. circulation will the intent on o Chamber of that island were stocked with swarms of a he conceives to be his right. The ment. Thus while the matter is one of the The Bill enacts that Every person of circulation with the intention of maintaining out at once that all the pools and swamps in white or yellow, should be defrauded of what way or the other had been received this to deal with those Chinese who have landed Commerce from its very designation and its tiny fish (known locally, from their vastannese are by no means lacking in extremest urgency the philanthropic inter- Chinese origin who(6) lands or attempte programme of activity is the body which ought numbers, as millions), and that their imagination, enterprise, or audacity, and if tions of the Tung, Wa members are coldly to land in Canada without payment of the programme of activity is the one should say favourite food was the larvae of the mosquito, these people are allowed to remain without frustrated by forins and ceremonies of pro- tax payable under this Act; or (b) (wilfully the general body of traders, upon whose It is obvious that any species of that outside assistance it is inevitable that they cedure: The worst of it is that inaction evades or attempts to evade any of the pro- Individual prosperity rests the prosperity insect which is unable to breed above the will revert to the primal, trade of piracy and at the present moment cannot but be revisions of this Act as respects the payment Japanese Newspapers and Foreign Traders, of the Colony as a whole. It is difficult ground level maust fall a prey to this enemy, robbery. What that means to Hongkong, em-garded as callous apathy and no amount of the tax by persopating any other in fo say how far the Straits Settlements Ag. The fish has been identified by Mr. Bouten barrassed as it is, it is unnecessary to sug of explanation afterward will convince dividual; or (c) wilfully makes use of or sociation should do any more than support ger F. R. S., of the British Museum, as that the gentry and charitable institu- the charitable institutions of Canton that the attempts to make use of any forged or action taken by public bodies or niecting Girardinis porciloides. Some specimens Lions and guilds of Danton will do their ut Chinese in Hongkong bave not deliberately fraudulent certificate issued to any other England, and most to relieve the unfortunates we have not decided to ignore the imploring appeals for person for any purpose connected with this of the Straits Settlements Association is to flourished for some time in the insect the slightest doubt, but considering the many aid anidressed to them. However, the Tung Act is guilty of an indictable offence, and more directly concerned. The actual duty were successfully got to
house at the Zoological Society's Gardens, calls which have of recent years been made on Wa members were fortunately in a position liable to imprisonment for a term not ex- watch the introduction of bills into the Legis Mr. Gibbon's suggestion that the millions their purses it is highly improbable that they to buy up the entire stock of ship's biscuits ceeding twelve months or to a find not ex Jy, and to inform the public, so far as is pos. should be imported into malarial districts in can do more than afford help to the most in Hongkong, some 2,000 picpis in ceeding five hundred dolars, or to both
le, f any provision that is injurious to the other islands has been acted upon and with necessitous cases. It, therefore, become quantity, representing some 270,000 lbs. It is also provided that: "Persons of Chinese felicitous results. Antigua, being con- the duty of those whose connections are all Part of that quantity was sent off last night origin shall; if guilty, of an offence under the public, interests and rights. Incidentally, when occasion offers, to support the unofficial vinced of the useful part played by these associated with Canton and the West River and part went to-day. The fact that biscuits last preceding sub-section in addition to the members of Legislative Council, and to call fish in consuming mosquito larvae, has to bestir themselves and exhibit that instead of rice were sent in the first place is said penalties, also be liable to deportation, public meetings in support of any opposition arranged for their systematic distribution sympathy which has never been lacking on without doubt admirable proof of the far That clause should certainly meet the re That the unofficials may feel called upon throughout the ponds and streams the the part of the Chinese at home and abroad sightedness of the members, for it has to be quirements of the Canadian law,, and is On June 3, 100, at Ichang, the wife of R. to offer in regard to projected legislation, Island. Similar news comes from Jamaica, when this Colony has been involved in disborne in mind that the majority of those at entirely in accordance with Canadian senti A. OLSEN, I. M. Customs, a son. (Christopher Olen abos all 180-high in the ex whither a consignment of the fish was sent in tress. It would not be beneath the dignity the point of starvation are without the most ment. The regulations governing the ad November, 1906. The secretary of the Agricul of His Excellency the Governor, rather it primitive means of kindling a fire. All the mission of persons specially exempted from On June 17, 1968, at Shangbai, the wife of pression of public pubile interest is held to fural Society has written that the tanks at the would popularise hit régime in Hongkong country, is under water and such a thing as payment of the poll-tas, have been revised
which the general pubile On the 11th June, at Chiù Wan Tao, the be at stake, It will be admitted that it is Titchfield Hotel are full of them, and that he were he to head the movement in this fuel is out of the question except in a very and now stand as follows Paragraph (c) of wife of CORDON O'NIELL, M.R.S., L. R.C.P., rather for those organisations that stand for had been informed that "there has been a felony for the relief of the suffering Chinese few places skirting or within measurable subsection 1 af section 7 of the said Acti
commerce to begin action in the financial marked diminution of lever jaunu about, the who are kinsmen of those who obey his rale distance of the West River. Of course, the repealed and the following is substitated On June 13, 1908, at Shanghai, the wife of crisis that is so notoriously impending over millions evidently. necounting for the and to whom in great part the present stand ingenuity of the sufferers will surmount that therefor (c) (1) Merchants, their
ing and Importance of Hongkong are due obstacle in time so that supplies of rice minor children; (a) The wives and minori On June 17, 1908, at Shanghai, the wife of the trade of the Colony. We can only atmosquito larvae." They have also been sent We are fully cognisant of the fact that Hong, I may be distributed, as is being done by the children of clergymen; (3) Tourists; Capt, E. 1. M. BARRETT (5. 31. Folice), of this moment commend our correspondent's Herbert Bindley adds: "One cannot help render lavish aid to those outside our bor. But the Government of Hongkong authorises teen years of age::(( (Subject to such re
to. Colon and to British Guiana ---Dr
kong is in no great financial condition to gunboats sent from Canton. And the sooner Men of science: (5) fudents under, seven- letter to the thoughtful consideration of every On the June 12
17, 1908, at Shanghai, to Mr. man who feels his fortunes involved in the wishing that these useful little fish were ders, but here surely is a case, if ever therette depatch of the cables abroad the sooner gulations as gay from time to time be made and Mr. O. THORESEN, a daughter -
present difficulties, that are the constant given a trial in the deadly districts of Africa, On June 30th, at the Victoria Hospital, theme of daily private talk. But private talk, like the malarial mosquito, the insects one, where the helping hand might pro will all the necessary arrangements for the by the Governorin Couneli duly certified Hongkong, the wife pi R. H. A. CRATO, of a Wit tot further matters to any effcet. What is which convey the terrible diseases which are perly be tendered, even if it only be on the systematic alleviation of the sufferings of the teachers who shall substantiate their stats
principle of casting our bread on the waters homeless and, ruiged peasantry of Kwang to the salsaction of the controller, subject really wanted is that the responsible men who endemic, here pres the larvaise of this The example of goa, when a Commission tung and Kwangal be completed. But the to the approval of the Minister, or who are have the largest interests endangered shall Existence in water. One may add in this
connection that the Swedish. Consut at was appointed to deal with the question of
acquiescing in the proposal of the Tung Wa similar documents Jarded by the Govern deavour to arrive at a clear definition of ike character, of the critis, and thereafter to do blue eyed') which feeds on mosquito larve repeated.
committee should not end there. Would it ment or by a recognized official for their best to arrive at a decision as to the and that, at the request of the Italian Gor
not be a gracious and worthy, action on sentative of the Govemment, whose sub- THE CRY GE THK STARVING,
the part, of His Excellency the Governor jects they are, specifying their tidu remedies that will relieve the present finan-ernment, some are to be, or have been, sent. * On June 15, 1903, at Bhanghai, PELIK, cial tension. Any well-considered coniti to the Campagne; where so much has been
(24th June:)
to adopt. Immediato measures of a per- and their object Incoming into Can - youngest daughter of the late Matthew Harris, 'bution, to the discussion will be generally | By this time, it should not be difficult for seeching telegrams from the guilds and | sympathy of the people of this Colony with changed in principle onlythe exklin
done in recent years to diminish malaria.”
Prompted by a series of urgent and beadgal character in order to express the It will be seen that the law 18, lo no tway M.P., to WILLIE BLYTH OSBORNE, eldest son welcome. As contrasting with the China of Osborne Middleton of Shappha
Od June 20, 1958, at Shanghai, CHARLES Association and the Hongkong Chamber of the Government to ascertain whether the charitable institutions of Canton, pourtraying our neighbours in Kwangtung in the terrible boles by which Chinese coolies who Commerce, which are very "live" stitu-theory in question is correct or otherwise, in vivid language the sufferings and misery misfortunes which have befallen them? As been surreptitiously landed in Canada MARGE of Tajngine to ELVINA F, DUFOUR, of Colony, similar bodies in the and if it be found that there is reason, ip of those who have been the victims of the we said yesterday, unless the victims of the thereby became (pro fante Canadian diiz
On June 3r 1908 at Shanghai, JAMES Strails appear to be showing up at consider believe the absence of malaria is due to the almost unprecedented inundations both in flood are tidel over their present difficulties have been shuttered so that WATION, eldest son of J, Watson of Wishaw able disadvantage..
destruction of the farve by the fish mention. Kwangtung and Kwangal; the leading reby outside help, we shall see at raarked re given to the origi Scotland, to EVELYN MINNIE RUBELL, second
ed it might be posible to secure their in-presentatives of the Chinese community in crudescence of crime in the two Kwang daughter of FH. Russell, of Swindon, England. X"On June 22, 1908, at Shanghai, A. HERMIX,
troduction to Hongkong. The Kowloon Hongkong have acted with an alacrity which provinces which will still further effect the which Son of the late A, Beraux, of lake Mimico,
Canton railway will prove such a costly ung beraye how feably, they appreciate the commercial interests of this Colony, Already Province of Datario, Canada, to ROSE HAD
dertaking in the end that everything possible necessity that immediate steps should be reports are to band conceròing the doings of CLRIDGE, Widow of the late J. C. Boggaridge,
should be done to advance ita interests, while taken if the survivors of the visitation are to 20%.Iobyzan (1908,, at Shanghai," JAMER COULTHARD JOKEE, of LM, Customs Choc CHANOR PRKBE WRIGHT PENNING" If Lordon, Ontario, Canada,
The Tientsin-Tukou-Railway.
Brokers at Loggerheads.
Chinese Telegraphs,
Telsu.maru Damages.,
Warships and Private Shipbuilding Yards.
The Port Arthur Monument,
Dr. Koch in Japan.
Japanese Women Abroad..
The Match Industry in Japan.
The New Orleans Diraster.
Commercial:-
Weekly Share Report.
Yora Market.
Exchange.
Local and General.
BIRTHS.
On Jane, 1993, at Newchwang, the wife of F. W. LYONS, 1.M. Customs, a daughter.
-Alfred·) ----------
EM. FRENCH, & 500,
of a son.*
E. G. LERIS, Hon.
100.
daughter.
...
fuge 20, 1908, at Shrozbal, the wife of
G. Duplessis, of a son, GEORGE ANDER LOUIS,
lative Council, to examine these independent-
On June ar, 1908, at Shanghai, to Mr, and meet openly, pat their wits together and en-Frankfort has discovered a small fish (the rellef on a similar occasion; might fittingly be assistance of the Government in formally bearers of certificates of identity, or other
Mrs W. D. BUYERS, a daughter.
On June 11, 1908, at Shanghai, to Mr. and MIS, ARNOLD HOTSON, a daughter
ALMARRIAGES.
"MALARIA IN THE NEW
TERRITORIUS
(and June)
Some weeks ago it may be remembered lhe development of the New Territorica | be a
His Excellency the Governor, man's the | should not be in t "suggestion that the various reservoirs in th's | prevalence 05 prev Colony should be stocked with trout with", que lion
from starwa
acters who are
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