1907-01-05 — Page 11

ALUNG THE CHINA COAST.

IL

TIDAL CURRENTS IN RIVERS,

[Continued' from" Wednesday.]

31st ult.

There is no appreciable' tidal affect in rivers due directly to the tidal attractions of the sun and, moon, but the tidal wave in a river is caused by the oscillation of the larger body of water into which the river empties. The aca resembles a large pond in which the water rises and falls with the oceanic tide, nud a river is canal, which leads into it. The rythmical rise

travel up the river, whatever were the cause of

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY

the part of Hangchow-fu, though now little more than a fishing village with the walled-in part of the town' a huge green field with per haps a dozen houses on its southern side, the bay is about eighteen miles wide. From this point inward the general direction of the bay is southwesterly and safe navigation ends near Rambler Island which is about eleven miles from Chape. Here the winth of the bay, for water over six feet deep, bas narrowed to less than five miles and from here on inward for quite a distance the whole estuary with the exception of a vary narrow region near the northern, bank, is a sandy shoal. Between Rambler Island and ligining is a range of hills forming a promontory that extends well out making the general direction of the Bay takes

it to the northwest ward. On this promotory i and a little beyond the prefecting point of land,

JANUARY

1907

BY ONE ON In conjunction with Peking, the actions descri article afford ample indici of Chincas politics is in stato. But when to think the temper of the people worked up to the required of stealthy mova ponible and destin the mandarin, the possibilit boiling over is so evident§ further comment. Taking advantage of t stata of famine which perennially exists. tain provinces throughout the country, mandarins are making use of the

Unfortunately there appears to be no recordara mortised in the same way we were unable to THE SIJUAZIO of how these difficulties were really overcome, determine, dough a friend has reported that he although as usual the native historian has fell has observed these links also' in the slabs formy: impelled to loave's rather poetic sarrative con- ing the footing platform, though wa SAW, cerning an achievement so vital in its import none in the part we examined. On the top ance to the inhabitants of so large a regles, of the binding from Hangchow to be it to the effect that in the eighth month of yohd Haining, about forty-five miles them the fourth year of the K'ai Ping, the energetic is a broad earth roadway, suitable for riding or and dauntless Prince Ch'ien began the con- even driving, though the latter might be risky, struction of a great wall along the borders of a unique country road for the part of the the Chien-tang Kiang." But the daily province we have seen. Back of the roadway inrush of the tides destroyed the work ak

there is a further embankment some ter feel fast as it was laid, so that parition high and about fifteen or twenty feet thick, was addressed to Heaven, praying that which completed the barrier to the encroach the tides be withheld for two months until the ment of the boisterous tides. Iractically all of Prince could get the seawall well under way, the houses near the river are built on levels another petition was addressed to Wu Tio-hsu

lower than this bank. and burned in Frince Ch'ien's ancestral hall, interference with the tidal movements for Ilttle while. Aid to make results doubly sure, he also wrote a poem to the Water Dragon, whoat yamen is in the briney deeps, beseech ing the loan of the waters' control for a brief ime, that he might succeed in completing the wall to the salvation of his people,

and fall of the sea gonerate waves which would ! quarter turn and bring the lown of Kanpu❘ praying that: he restrain' bis wrath over this tioned already; it apparently not very, old and control its t'ansport, which jewesté..

the oscillation of the sea and quito independent of any direct action of the sun and moon on the water in the river itself. It may readily be shown mathematically that long waves travel in shallow water, at a speed which depends saly on the depth of the water, and that waves are to be considered long when the length is at least twice the depth of the water. Now the tidal wave in a river is many hundreds of times as long as the depib, and consequently it travels at a speed dependent only on the depth of the river. Moreover, its speed is very slow compared with the motion of the great ́tide wave is the opan sen,

The terms "ebb" and "flow" are applied to tidal currents, and often in an erroneous way. Perhaps a remark or two will suffice to clear away the misunderstanding, and we shall then more readily comprehend the exact nature of a bore by seeing more definitely the relation be-

and well out in the middle of the channel, is d

flats and around along the meridian of hili that an observer at the Haining Pagoda gets his first glimpse of the boje,

group of low tide-washed islands. It is at these

Just at the western end of this turn in the northern shore, is a sharp indention protected by a good sized kill, which forms Bore-shelter Bay.

The Haining pagoda, which has been men.

was probably built as we shall pole later on, by & Buddhistic believer in feng shui, as a protec tion to the band and the chy against the ravages of the serpent's head." It is a fair specimen of its class, and certainly forms the most prominent eminence on that section of the wall and together with the more recently constructed pavilion just below it, serves well to mark a vantage point from which to view the approach and passage of the wonderful wave which sweep pist at every tide.

[To be concluded.)

THE KOWLOON RAILWAY;

COOLIE AND A LOCOMOTIVE..

Stat uli

twaan tidal effects in a tiver and bore along and of the manufacture of the best silks, being morning broke he poured out three libations fore Mr. C. A. D. Melbourne, this morning, al'!

the open sea coast. The current is properly said to "ebb when the water is receding from the land sea ward, and to "follow when it is approaching the shore. On the open seacoast ebb and flow are simultaneous with fall and rise and we often hear the two terms used sy nonymously; but, as will presently appear, this is incorrect,

1

Junks going from Chapu road to Hangchow take three days, and shelter first in Bore-shelter Bay and second at Haising platform. Boats drawing over three feet should not be used: The return from Hangchow to Chapu road cas not be accomplished safely under three tides in any boat. "Thus in spite of being situated on the main tributary of the bay of the same name, the city of Hangchow the capital of the rich and populous province of Chekiang, the ceptre of a great silk producing district the male source of the silk fabrice supplied to the Imperial household, and a great centre of Chinese culture and literature, has practically no direct communication with the sea. There is a small canal connecting it with Hairing, but practically its whole export trade passes through Shanghai by way of the water roule Let us begin by considering the tidal currents we have already described. The population in a river of uniform depth, with so slow a pro- of this ancient and important city is estimated per current of its own that it may be regarded at 350,000 and in 1905 the total of the trade of practically as a staganat canal. The only cur the port amounted to 17,496,980 Haikuan Taels, rents to be considered are tidal, and in this case Marco Polo commented upon the vast array the law is very simple. Whenever at any point of ships in the harbour of Hanschow, but now on the river bank the water stands above the only a little shipping is found in the bay;, 10 mean level for that place (the level mid-way that either the tides in the bay have greatly between high and low water) the current is up-changed since the days of Marco, or that steam and progresses along with the tide-wave; famous traveller has given as another item on and whenever the water stands below mean which to charge him with exaggeration. fnvel the current is down-stream and progresses in the direction contrary to the tide wave, Since the current is up-stream when the water is higher than the mean, and down-stream when it is lower, it is clear that when it stands exactly at mean level there is no current either way and also that at the moment of high water the current is most rapid up-stream, and at low water it is most rapid down-stream. Hence the tidal current “Rows" for a long time after high water has passed and when the water- level is falling, and "ebbs" for a long time after low water and when the water-level is rising.

The law of tidal currents in a uniform canal connecting with the sea thus differs entirely from that applying on an open sea coast, where slack water occurs at high and at low water, as in such a canal. But rivers gra- dually broaden and become deeper as they approach the coast, and therefore the tidal cur- rents in actual estuaries are intermediate be- tween those of the open seacoast and those in a uniform canal,

A river has also to deliver a iarge amount of water into the sea in the course of a single osciliation, and its own proper current is. superposed on the tidal currents. Hence in actual rivers the resultant current considues to flow up-stream after high water is reached, with failing water levels, but ceases flowing before mean water-level is reached, and the resultant current ebbs down-stream after low water, and continues to ebb with the rising tide until mean water is reached, and usually for sometime afterward, the downward stream, in fact, lasting longer than the upward one, The moments at which the currents change will differ in each river according to the depth, the time and the extent of the rise and fall at the mouth, and the volume of water delivered by the river; but in every case the tide rises more quickly than it falls, so that the time. interval from low water to high, water is shorter than from high water to low water.

Chan Chan, a surface man, employed on the Kowloon-Canton Railway, was arraigned be the Magistracy, on a charge of maliciously damaging, with intent to render aseless, a locomotive, the properly of the Railway Con tractors, at Tai-kok-tsul, yesterday.

*

to create a huge corner (6 dutiable commodity; that is, itin subje, likia or internal excise, and can only transported from place to place under a parimi issued by the officials of various ranks. The oficials regard this power as their main source of income, and are at all times ready to use it for their own benefit. At this juncture it is This done, be bad three thousand arrows

useful in a double, sense, as by creating an made and, covered with deer's bair, dyed in cinnabar and furnished with points of harder

artificial scarcity in a land, where the vast majority of the people live from day to day ed Iron. These arrows he placed to six

on the verge of starvation, they not only make separate piles distributed over the lands' daily

their "squeeze," but inflame the passions of washed by the tides, He then took a great

the populace by the most powerful of all sumber of squares of silk of several different

agents an appeal to their stomachs. Amongsta olors, and great quantities of choice articles

fearfully igunrant people like the Chinese it is of food, and some incense, six portions of each

a very simple matter for their ultra-conservativa item, and placed them is six separate incense

officials to shift the onus of this state of affairs burners by the side of the six piles of bows

on to the shoulders of the "Foreign Barbarian, and arrows. All this was accomplished before

as he is still called this 7th of September in the gong of the third watch had sounded, after

stant-in the official Peking Gardis.

To come now to more local but equally which he awaited the coming of day. When of wine, and prayed to the six Gods to "Send

significant actions. The great metropolis of 600,000,000 soldiers, and Liu (Ch'ien Liu) will

the East is hanghai, and on this pearl of great with this arrows exterminate the uncanny,

price the eyes of official China are continually and longingly fixed. Shanghai is the embodi scaly Dragon, and so cause the ocean to dry

Defended pleaded guilty to the charge. alent of all they detest and covet. It is the up and prevent the thousand sprites and the

It was about tiffin time yesterday, when the best and most honestly administered city of the one hundred demons from bringing in the

rient. It is a foreign imperium in a Chinese destructive tides.. Grant my with, O Shennien were off duty, that accused boarded a Chun, and quickly zid, sustain and command locomotive, and palling the lever, started her imperio, in which the writ of the Chinese overnment and the Chinese mandarin does me to do this great work," On the morrow be going. He knew how to start and reverse the had five hundred skilled archers shoot at the engine, but did not know how to stop it nor run, It is the centre of foreign activity proper moment directly into the heads of the When he found the engine going at a good and wealth, from which emanate all those in on-coming billows.. Each man took up six pace, in the direction of the sea, and his efforts fluences which threaten the effete mandarinate arrows, one for the head of each billow, and to stop ber useless, defendant jumped off, and with extinction. They resent its existente in when they had shot five arrows straight into allowed the engine to go ahead. After a few their midst with a venom which is to a certain turned and filed! as many lofty waves, the waters suddenly yards the locomotive swerved and crashed into extent excusable, in that it is a living evidence A stack of timber, doing slight damage to her- of their impotence and of their lapses in the Whereupon the Prince lost no time in driv self. The noise of the impact attracted the

past. With that strategical diplomatic capabil. ing great piles by the river bank among which attention of the other men, who promptly arity which is their greatest asset, a capability strong creels of bamboo were woven, the reited accused. He was sentenced to fourteen

before which the diplomacy of any other race of whole being filled with earth and large stones.

days' bard labour and six hours' stocks.

men fades into insignificarce, they have seized Thus he connected the two ends of his wall

apon the weakest joint in the armour of extra- and shut out the destructive waters, and thus,

territoriality in which Shanghai is clothed, and we may add, does the bistorian avoid telling

are continually pressing their attack upon the Mixed Court. Beginning with the incident which led up to the riots of last December, there have been no less than three occasions where- in the Municipal Council (of foreigners), which, acting to a certain extent with the Consular Body, governs this unique community, have had to use a threat of force to ensure the observation of its rights and privileges by the Chinese officials.

The city itself has certainly lost the gran deur which he ascribed to it, although the famous Westem Lake outside the west wall, and extending nearly its whole length, has pro bably lost little of its natural beauty whichus the true details of the very part of the con prompted the saying...

‚“Above us lies the heavenly blue.

While here below lies Hong and Soo," But as others already pointed out white Hangchow may owe its chief fame to this lovely lake with its templed islands and sar- rounding bills on whose slope giant trees and graves of tall bamboo afford grateful shade for spacious temples, now mostly in decline, it certainly owes its very existence toward the southwest to the construction of the sea wail, called by native's the bore wall.

THE GREAT SEA WALL..

truction which in its successful accomplish- ment constitutes the chief wonder,

But it was not enough simply to build the wall. It must be kept in repair and curiously enough, the native chroniclers have accounted most minutely for the cost of the up-keep, which is said to be on the average Tls. 350.000 per annum, which has led many people of this region to call this seawall "China's Second Great Sorrow," giving place only to the Yellow River as her "First Great Sorrow."

For purposes of management and repair the wall is divided into three major div'siona with a superintendent over each. These divisions are again divided into many sections about a mile long, and for each mile there are at ordinary times four to six watchmen who patrol their section much as railroads are usually patrolled.

The first cost of construction must have been enormous, and the mere existence of the wall suffices to show that it must have been of vital importance and that the land it reclaimed and now protects must have been of immense value to justify such an expenditure.

THE PROHIBITION AGAINST

OPIUM AND OPIUM ACCESSORIES.

Those possibilities

or the ren

Abe outcome, to

formla

the

find ons al

termination

Who can'com-

Judividual unit of her commer- cial and trading classes, from the great import To the humblest pediar, and beat them at the Kame which, through long canturies of posses

ion, they have come to regard as their own. Thus, whatever may be said about the "ties of blood" and "common racial stock," the Chinese have no greater love for the japanese than they bave for any other for signer. But they are quite willing to make use of them, as long as it suits their purpose. Their more enlightened practical men, who do pay some attention, to such matters, view with feelings of consternation the enormons preparations which Japan is making, to conso- lidate her power and bar command of the Pa cific. The mere fact abat Japan now virtually possesses sixteen great battleships and nearly thirty modern cruisers, as against the six aria- outclads and a dozen cruisers before the war, bas sunk deep into the minds of a people who are amenable to force, and force only, in their relations with the outside world. They nee that at the termination of the period of alliance with Great Britain, Japan, will be able to give.. the law to the Far East without cossalling anybody. Thus, while they do not love the. Japanese, they do what is infinitely preferabla from the Japanese-point of view-they fear Japan, as much as it is possible for the most self-satisfied and abnormally concelled people on the face of this earth to fear any one,

The p sition, which Japan now: «holds in the Far East has led to a corresponding, loss of "face" by the Powers of the West." The. Chinese notoriously bave no respect for a foreigner unless he has force behind him, and the forces of the West is the Far East are now altogether overshadowed by those of the Far East itself.

In the light of her previous experiences, and in view of the turmoil which now agitates her, the retrogressive forces in China have do- thing to lose by an cutbreak, and that, from their point of view, is synonymous with gain: while it will at the same time afford them what they cavet-ibe opportunity to get rid of the foreigner, the white man. They, at any rate, Doubtless Japan will full! her ab:igation- think that such a thing is feasible.

in the East when the storm breaks. The towards Great Britain only to maintain peace Chisese know this but they know also that a Radical Government and a Mr. Keir 'Hardie are in power in England. Also they know that there are other Powers who have a finger in the pis. Herein lies the danger to the white man's position, and, incidentally, to certain of his persons, and to the white man's prestige in China. Herein lies the opportunity of those astute gentlemen, super-excellent disciples of the policy of Abdul Hamid, who still govern the Celestial Empire-Pall Mall Gasitie.

A NEW YEAK'S PERFORMANCA,

A recent, report that the local native authorities are trying to extend the Imperial prohibition against opium and opium ac cessories within the boundaries of the Foreign Settlements of Shanghai and in doing so seek

It is out of this in broglio that the only spark 10 persuade the Consular Body to allow the

which is required to set the whole empire in a summary arrest and punishment of owners of Chinese drugsbops and dispensaries, doing blaze will, in all probability, spring. During the business inside the Settlements, who sell anti- riots it was amply demonstrated that the senti

ment of the whole Chinese community was It is probably true that 'some thousands of

opium pills containing either morphia or

almost unanimously sati-foreign. No personal years ago the great flat siện now forming a

opium, is causing much indignation and unrest amongst many of our Chinese fellow-residents, hatred of the foreigner. Naturally, the for- considerable part of the provinces of Chekiang and Kiangsu was under water and that the

says the N. CD. News. It is stated that the signers-in the fighting which ensued-sought Yagize, gradually increasing ita delta, reclaim.

reason of the delay in putting this new law into only their own protection; likewise, naturally, ed the land. The inhabitants to assist the

effect has bees owing to the non-reply of the the rioters got out of hand and turned on cer- river, in its land-forming process; built, sea

Consular Body, to the Shanghai Tsotai's tain of their own countrymen, looting and dispatch upon the subject, Many Chinese horning their residences and places of busi- walls, using the various islands as corner.

ness. A lesson was given the local authorities stones. The wall or dyke confining the waters

business men here, even those not addicted to of the Haining-liangchow Canal is probably

the epium habit, consider the desire to "shut which bas had as much effect on them as those down" upon the habit and close the premises greater and more drastic measures which have,

VAUDEVILLE ANd minstrel TROUFE. one of these early structures, which has better

of dealers in the commodity too sudden, for time and again, been taken against the central withstood the ravages of time and tide. As

many of them, never dieaming of such a more government. The protection of life and pro-

29th ult, these walls were multiplied and extended, they

The New Year Season is not to be allowed caused the projecting north point formed by

As it exists to-day its total length is one ment against opium, have brought in large pesty in Shanghai is entrusted to the munici

pal police. Supplementary to this body is a

to pass without at least one public performance the alluvial deposits of the Yangtze and the hundred and eighty miles, and for one-third of quantities of the drug, both in morphia and Chien-lang Kiang to extend seaward, thus this distance it is faced, as at Blaining, with raw opium form, so that the summary closing force of volunteers, raised among the foreign, of an unusual nature in this Colony, at this forming the present funnel-shaped mouth of

heavy blocks of granite and varies from twen of, opiuni. shop and prohibition against the residents-of-all-nationalities represented in

guests whoare arranging to entertain us on. 1. o the latter river, as already noted, and obstruct- ty-five to thirty feet in height above low water, sale of anti-opium pills and medicines the International Settlement. Again, supple season. This time.it is our American Naval ing to a considerable extent the progress of the Each successively higher layer of granite slabs would simply spell ruin to many who mentary to these forces, are the bluejackets day next. As will be seen from our advertise are well off in this world's goods, as the present, and marines from the various men-of-ment columns the U.S.S. Pennsylvania!Vaude- ocean-tide, the northern promontory deflecting recedes about five inches, thus forming steps, it inwards and the shoals causing it to heap up a very welcome arrangement when after des moment. It must be borne in mind that it is war of all nations which may be lying in the ville and Minstrel Troupe will, by permission not the prohibition law that is abjected to but river, or within call, and which in times of of Rear-Admiral. Brownson, and through the into an increasingly powerful wave-the forecending to get camera views of various parts runner of the present bare. Against this rush of the wall just before a bore was due, we had the summary manner with which it is purposed strass are at the disposal of the Consular Body: kindness of the Captain and Officers of sbp to apply the law by the Chinese officials. Then. For the nominal purpose of defending them-- Pennsylvania, give a performance at the City of water the poorly constructed dykes were hastily to retreat before the on-coming tide.

The main difficulty in maintaining an eff again, what, if in the Foreign Settlements the selves from their own countrymen the Chinese Hall on Tuesday next, the tat prox, under the insufficient and the people along the shores of

law be enforced on the understanding that it is have imitated the constitution of the foreign patronage of His xcellency the Officer Ad- Hangchow Bay, especially on the northern side, cient seawall would seem to be to have an frequently suffered great losses.

outer footing adequate to break the first being similarly enforced in Chinese territory volunteers, and have recruited a body of men ministering the Government. This perform and it be found out that after all, as on many now numbering some 2,000, but which will

apce in being given in aid of, the funds, of our Still another peculiarity of the tide wave in

vinlence of the incoming bore and to pre-

previous occasions, there has only been a per shortly amount to some 5,000 strong. This, local Y.M.GA, and in this connection it is most a river is of cardinal importance in the present

vent the undermining of the foundations of connection. The full theory of waves would

Just when and how and at what cost the the main bunding, in fact it would seem

fuctory enforcement of the law? The chances under the name of the Physical: Improvement interesting to note that Lieut. Roper, Vis M., Association, is actually a military force, or as the founder of the Troupe, is now ober sex wall was Can- batdotechnical to beincluded in thisarticle and present substantial

essential that the tides should be entirely kept are, we should think, that many Chinese would structed are now matters for more or less from entering behind the wall. At Haining prefer to "cross the border" and seek "peace" much of a military force as any body of semi-getically looking after all the necessary arran we ask the reader to accept as n fact, which can

there from the prying eyes of a vigilant Muni- trained volunteers is capable of becoming gements, and superintending the robear- bo proved theoretically, that a wave cannot pro- conjecture, the chroniclers of the province

the Chinese engineers have apparently suc

What their value may be remains to be seen.

sals; The performance itself is pro gress along a river without changing its shape, neglecting such information as irrelevant in

ceeded in accomplishing this very satisfactorily cipality. It is hoped, therefore, that if the

As yet they have only appeared in public on

mised as a strictly first-class entertain The change is such that the front slope of the comparison with fanciful legends to be retold in a two-fold fashion-c., by a sea-foot proper authorities in the Settlements intend to co.,

one occasion, and then they did not bear arms, ment and includes the most salect of the latest wave gradually gets sleeper, and the rear slope the most interesting of these stories refers to bination which besides giving a substantis gard to the enforcing of the prohibition law Their headquarters and parade-ground are si comic songs, with buck and wing" danoes,

in connection with so great a work. One of and by frequent projecting "buffer", a com operate with the Chinese authorities with res become more gradual. If this steepening of the front or advancing slope of a wave were

what was perhaps the first attempt at anything sea-barrier also affords excellent and frequent against opium, the latter. must first show what suated without the boundary-line of the Settle- and, in fact, will be a thoroughly opto-date carried to an extreme, the wave would present

like an adequate sea-wall. It is to the effect refuges for the junks whose masters must needs they can and will do; and what is of the meat, and no foreigner can obtain admission vaudevills affair. This, performance is being the form of a wall of water; but the mere ads that in the reign of Emperor Huang Wu (25 brave the dangers and difficulties of navigation greatest importance, show that the methods for to that walled-off enclosure. They are un given by the Troupe with a two fald object

in a river so fiercely tide-swept as this in. vance of a wave into shallow water would by A.D.) ab official, Hua Hisin, proposing to build

enforcing the law will be persistently applied formed and equipped on the European or Jap-firstly, of entertaining their hosts, the Hong- a sea-wall opposite the present site of Hang- fisoll never suffice to produce so great a change

At the level of the sixteenth ledge from the without any stackening of the reins-for there anese model, and the words of command are kongites; and, secondly, of adding to thefunds of the local Y. H. C..A. That being so, and of form without the concurrence of the natural chow, issued à proclamation offering 1,000 top, in this steplike face of the wall just refer is a saying in this country which is almost be given in English..

The Chucse who stood sponsors to this bearing in mind the rousing welcome and currant of the river. The downward current of

"cash" (about fifty cents gold) for every man- red to, i.e., about twenty feet below the top of coming a proyech that "Government enter.

movement at first protested that its object was entertainment the U.S. fleet accorded to oor the river proper has, in fact, a. very important land of earth that the people should bring to the wall, there extends outward a heavy granite prines have only a beginning, but no ending,"

physical improvement. When this was sees squadron w! en they recently visited Manila, it is influence in heading the sea water back, and the riverbank, Ca the appointed day a "per-platform several layers deep and about fifteen fect cloud" of men, women and children came

through and the flimsy character of these pro earnestly to be hoped that this opportunity of feet wide. At the outer edge of this several this co-operates with the natural change in the

CENTRAL CHINA FAMINH. to carry earth. At a given signal every one

fessions was demonstrated to them they im showing our appreciation of the efforts and in- shape of a wave as it runs into shallow water took up his load and carried it to the spot in driven into the river bed.. Here there is a drop rows of piles are set close together and deeply

mediately stated that the corps was organized tentions of our guests will not be allowed to so as to exaggerate the steepness of the front dicated by Hua Hsin's lieutenants. At this of four or five fest followed by another shelving

IMPERIAL AID FOR SUFFERERS.

for the purpose of protecting Chinese life and pass, but that thee will be a packed, bonte at slope of the advancing wave.

property in the event of future disturbances, the Theatre Royal, City Hail, when the curtain There are in the estuaries of many rivers juncture, Hua Hsin himself appeared and granite platform, somewhat wider than the first

December 23. Now, any one knowing anything about the rises on uesday night, at 9.15 pm. It would broad flats or shoals of mud or sand which are feigning surprise when told of the large sum and similarly edged with several rows of much

We have received a joint memorial from Chinese knows how there men will act in the be well in pose that Messis, Mostris and Co bearly dry at low water and in such situations to be paid per man-load, be ordered the people

Tuan Fang, Viceroy of the Liangkiang pro- event of future disturbances. But the signi who are lunking after the booking of costs for the tide not unfrequently rises with such great away, saying it was possesses of art

vinces; Chen Kuei-lung. Governor of Kiangsu ficance of the move does not end here. The this performance, will remain open all: Monday rapidity that the wave assumes the form of a high wages. Roused to indignation the people wall of water, and is then properly called a threw down their loads and walked away. Not

and Yin Chang, Commander-in-Chief and

there was no intention to arm the men of the bore. Let us note briefly the way in which wishing to carry the earth back again, they

migh Commissioner for the Kiangpeh District organizers have stated, time and again, that and up to noon of Tuesday in that: connection. Covering the effects of the floods last summer Physical improvement Association except the Hangchow Bay affords typical circum.

had unwittingly dropped it just where the wily

in the prefectures of Hatchou, Haichon and is times of national emergence. Within the At intervals of half a mile, at least in the im-) stances of this sort ac that we there have a most official wanted it. Thus in one day Hua striking case of this interesting phenomenon.

Hsin, by his trickery, built a sea-wall of great mediate vicinity of Haiding, huge projectingalan, the disasters from the inundation last week I have ascertained, beyond possibility height, and one that withstood the briney buffers in semi-elliptical form bave been built being the most severe in the whole Viceroy of contradiction, that the rifles and ammunition THE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF HANGCHOW BAY.

waters for many years,"

of brush and piles. The ends of the brush alty. Lately, there have come to Kincgning for these 5,000 men are now lying handy here

With reference to he paragraph published Hangchow Bay or the estuary of the Ch'sien. In spite of this assertion of the native chroni which has been stacked and interwoven in (Nanking), Yangchou, Chinking and Tsing in Shan, hal, even if they are not at his Tang River has a very marked funnel shape. Į cier, however, a dyke built in this fashion wat

by us yesterday with regard to the find of gre horizontal layers are presented on all sides kiangpu immense crowds of famine sufferers

moment of writing already in their hands, to seek for food, and the stories we read of

The existing atate of uncertainty among all at the Raub Gold Mine, we are informed, From Yangtse Cape (the extremity of Po-Tung sure to prove flimsy to withstand the impacts and down through the mass several concentric their sufferings make as sympathize deeply sections of the community, both sauve and says the Straits Timis of 19th inst, that Feciosula) on the north to Ketau Pojat on the of such tides a sweep the Bay, and we are rows of stout piles have been driven. There with our poor people. We have already given foreige, in Shanghai, is typical of the unrest our inquiry was replied to in the ab sonta is considerably ever sixty miles, while not surprised to find frequent reference to daily boffers are slightly higher than the seawall it. Tis, 100,000 from the Privy Purse for their which exists in every Treaty Port and through- sence of Mr. Llewellyn, the Secretary to the the distance betwear banks at point thirty sacrifices to the Water Dragon for protection self and also extend out beyond the last row of relief and also given permission for the sale miles further west is approximately only balí | against the powerful_waters, It was not piles which forms the edge of the wall's

out the whole country. The machinery of Raub Australian Gold Mining Company, of this and in twenty miles pioro bas again until the period of the Five Rulers that these font. Topped with earth which affords a root-le 300,000 worth of Grand tribute rics to-government is in a state of confusion. Edicts Limited, by a junior member of his staff, vehic wards the same charitable object, and we apparently vital matters, such as administra was unaware of the information which bad boso Meridian Chapuliafogy that along the prayers were answered by the appearance of a ing place, for bushes and small very have, moreover, commanded the Ministry of tive reform, appear one day, only to be cancell received by the office. The mittar kas born meridian of Chapu it is only about eighteen man of works as well as of faith, the "great stitute a notable feature of this very creditable Finance to provide ways and means for stnded the next. The Throne is bombarded with explained to our complete satisfaction. Ple miles wide." From Ketau Polat in a line ap: | Prince Ch'ien," Hangchow's most famous piece of Chinese engineering. Some idea of

ing more money to the sufferers. Owing to the proximately northeast there extends for over aighty miles a chain of rugged islands, begin, in report. (pablished man. Many places of interest about theibe 'destructive force of the bore may be had by | urgency of the crisis we now, hereby command | Bamorials for and against every conceivabis } rumour to which we referred is confirmed oby. ning on the sonth with Chuan, by far the bis great services to the people, which it is about one-third-demolished, so that instead from the Privy Parse, which the said Ministry must always be remembered that it is by edict Prospecting. The reference is as followsle

institutions to the cutting off of queues, and it by us last night) under the sub-heading *Surfac largest, and ending on the north in the Saddle included besides the less tangible, though some of a well rounded form it now consists of four is to advance for us, and immediately send to Group, North Saddle Island being in the same

On a hill about rjoco feat, dorth of Naus the less real, benefits of a wise and capable goor five distinct terraces, which are probably the memorialists who must select trustworthy and these four hundred million people govern- shaft the jungle has been cleared and several

and memorial that the laws of China,are made fatitude as the low-lying and rounded corier af } vernment, the more "substantial benefits | constantly settling down and pushing the lower and reliabis men to distributa relief to these everyday.occurrence as to have lost any | ERDIMORE Quantity of surface ore is belangri Week Yangise Cape. The most westward group in arising from the efficient fortification of the terraces into positions affording less resistance unfortunate sufferers and manage that none of Rioting and lawlessness are matters of pits sunk, also a crosscut purcingo comprised by the Volcano Islands which is capital city, the preservation of the West Lake to the tide. On the other hand the buffer our suffering subjects shall be emitted from immediate significance. Three days ago sa posed, and further pits are being spokia cust approximately due south from the Yangtan ana water supply, the building of public roads, just west of the pagada is in splendid repair the relief destined for our people. Cape and about midway across the mouth of institutions of learning, and canals, and, inview and behind it high up on, the topmost granitė

seripan ** rico rigt took place within gus: eut has also been started from the mast videot. the bay: We shall presently refer to this group of present considerations, the most worthy of platform several junks were enjoying a sale JOSEPH Feeney, second class fireman, U.S.S. line in the native and foreign Press, Rumours

shot of: Shanghai; it was noted by single the hill.

This is the best news the shareholders have as one of the places at which definite, observa- | all, the long, seawall which slands to-day as shelter, tions of changing water-leval have been made the greatest monument of his skill and efficies- The stones on the top of the wall aroWest Virginia, was arraigned before Mr. C. A. of imminent " trouble” are rife,among natives received for a considerabletime.: 178s Gonemi in studying the birth of the bore. Westward cy in caring for the public weal. Its erection from, twelve to sixteen inches wide, six-D. Melbourne, at the Police Court, on Satur- and foreigners of the highest standing. His Manager at the mizes bis the reputation of of this meridian the bay shoals pretty rapidly was begun probably about 911 or 915 A.D). It teen to eighteen inches thick, and from day, at the instance of Police Bergeant Wilson, tory discloses no more axiomatic a fact than being extremely cautious in his expressions in the southern half, and at times of low water, extends from Hangchow to Choangha near the three and a half to four feet long; and most and pleaded guilty to a charge of behaving in a that when a Government and its people are in opinion, and when he writes that emprmots west of 121* i Longitude the mud dries for two mouth of the Huang-pu, (the river on which of the blocks used both in the wall and, in disorderly manner whilst drank in Fedder this state the culminating point of a crisis is, quailty of surface ore, dar being imp miles from the sopibern embankment. It was Shanghai is situated distance of one bun the platforms of the footing, seem equally as Street, yesterday afternoon. The defendant; it por las distant will naturally be asked ass bright indeed. We congrats

Why Shareholdersmaywekt arbored that there off the northeast comer of this extensive of work and should take an equal sħata rifame | stones are fastened together by heavy" iron' awakened by the oficer threatened to do all }“What has China to galwby renewal of antle (pany upon the good news; and i that H. M. Ship "Kita" was lost,

"fat" | dred and sighty miles. It is a stupendous plecs large. Along the top of the wall adjacent was said, went to sleep in the gutter and when The question Batthe mostmarked shoaling and constriction with the Grand Canal and the Great Wail of mortises in the shape of a double wedge four to the figure of Hengchow Bay has yet to be noted. China, for its engineering difficulties were cer or fire inches broad, two linking each pair As already stated, at Chaps, which was formerly tainly infinitely greater,

of stones. Whether the lower layers of blocks

heavier and more numerous piles. Here there is a further drop of six or eight feet to the beach which for a yard or two is rock strewn and studded with piles, a jagged fringe of which about ten feet further out care which edge of this remarkable barrier.

of

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RAUB-GOLD-MINING CO.

SURFACE-PROSPJ CTING.

kinds of dangerous things to the "cop," and foreign demonstrations or outbreaks?" and obtained when the ore la traTU became so disorderly that the officer was forced base come to the crux of the whole as to start the Company on a to remove him to the Station." He was fined $5.ɛsituation, @@Disregardleg, for a moment isperity and