1905-03-25 — Page 5

́ ́Lecture ON TBA.

22nd inst.

At the City Hall this afternoon Mr. J. T. Cotton, of the Sanitary Deperiment, delivered a lecture at the City Wall under the auspices of the Hongkong Odd Volumes Society, on *Tea Dr. F. W. Clark presided over a small gathering,

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It grows in the open air in every climate between the equator and the latitude of 45 degrees north, but thrives best in cooler paris. of the tropical zone, and the part of China which supplies the greater part exported to Europe lies between the 25th and 31rd degrees, the very best districts being between the 27th and 3rat. Among the many remarkable points connected with tea not the least curious is, that learned men were, until within the present generation, unable to settle what distinctions, if any, existed in the plant.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH SATURDAY MARCH 25, 1905.

A GRAVE QUESTION

BEFORE THE SANITARY BOARD.

MASONIC QUADRILLE CLUB

PER CONCERT,

zand inst.

89

This holds good for plague, typhoid and can be well: advised (to make a journey to dishonest, and claiming that it rendered him cholera. It is true that certain experimenters Wallington Barracks and see for themselves hab' on acilon at deceit. With regard to have kept the typhoid bacillus aliye in soil for what the members of the R. E. Variety Club what had happened after the formation of the long periods over a year. It does notre capable of doing follow, however that typhoid bacilli in a dead

company, there had been a deliberate refusal 21st inst. body can survive for any-length; at time ja a

la carry out the terms of the memorandum. The leftar stated that a Chinese Board had At the usual fortnightly meeting of the Sani- properly made gmve. Dr. Robertson in 1898 tary Board this afternoon, with Dr. F. W found by experiment that the bacillus typhosis

been created, and that Chang had been made Clark, President, vices Dr. J. M. Atkinson (pro-quickly died out in the soil of graas covered

director-general for life. When a person made

statement which was untrue in fact he must- ceeding home on leave) in the chair, the Hon. areas., Dr. Sydney Martin, 1800-1901, found the Registrar General submitted a minute sug that in sterilised soils he could cultivate the

give a very good explanation why he gesting certain amendments to the existing bacillus and keep it alive for over a year. This fanctions given under the auspices of the fte explained it away, that it was made The success which usually attends all the made it, and the presumption was, unless Cemetery bye-laws, under Ordinance 1 of 903 kind of soil does not occur in nature. He niso Masonic Quadrlie Club, again marked the fraudulently. The letter was written with a respecting bye-laws A. 4 and 7, and B. 14 and found that if the bacillus is added to naturalsnoker' which took place in the old Chamber view to inducing Mr. Derring to agree to the 16, concerning which he wrote, "These by uncultivated soils it ceases to exist, with 3 of Commerce room last night. The room had alterations against the new company le laws provide for the digging of graves to a hours, If the bacillus be assured to persist in heen tastefully draped with flags, the Union asked for damages for not appointing Chang depth of seven feet, and for the covering of the grave it is less dangerous when thallow than Jack predominating, and forming the curtain director-general, and against Mr. Moreing he surfaces with cumam, among other substances, deep, as the deeper it is the more likelihood and sides for platform Mr, Harry Wolfe, asked for damage in respect of the watered The first provision causes unnecessary labour would there be of the ground water being con. and expense in digging the grave, and is taminated. Anibrax and tetanos are some.

President of the Club, occupied the chair and shares. He asked his Lordship to hold as a fact directly opposed to the teachings of sanitary what exceptional. Aathrax spors have been try, very good programate had been carry out the agreement with respect to the was supported by Mr. W. Higby, Hon. Secre that the new company deliberately refused to. science. The second provision is also insaní stated to have been brought to the surface of lary, as the chunam forms an impervious graves by worms. This is, however, doubtful ranged, which if apparently lengthy on paper appointment of a Chinese board, and that when covering. The bye-laws should, in my opinion, Further, anthrax organisms are rapidly killed

Was 30 in order to prepare for possible and Chang isit for Germany the whole of the act be amended by changing the word "seven" In a body, which has not been opened, Telanus rances Having to be reckoned with.

uven probable disappointers, weather and dis- the Chinese directors were ignored. The into five, and by leaving out the word bacilli bave been recovered from soil. They Jenkins and Roberts opened the entertainment, no liability on the company and as having no Messrs. board of directors had treated it as involving chunam. The undertakers' licences, a copy require an atmosphere free from oxygen for with a march arranged for piano and violin, legal effect. They had practically ignored it of which is appended, should similarly baalter their growth. Therefore the deeper they are

send these gentleman afterwards took it in turna The defendant, Morcing had, 'perhaps, dis,

nnt resigned his position on the board. Court rose.

Mr. Levett had not concluded when the

The licence in question provides that, every grave be dug io n depth throughout of not less than six English feet from the ordinary surface of the ground to the uppermost side of the corpse or coffin therein deposited."

regulations for burial would be as follows:-1. Storm water shall be provided for in cemeteries by properly constructed channels for draining it off the surface and preventing it swamping a depth of 4 feet throughout. 3. After burial the cemetery, '2. Every grave shall be dug to the earth dag from the grave shall be all put back over the coffin forming a mound over the grave. 4. Every grave shall be covered with torf immediately after the grave have been filled in.

been put to the meeting and carried, the Han. The motion of the Registrar General having Mr. Brewin asked Dr. Pearse for his exact opinion on the motion, so that he could alter itin accordance with his proposals.

Quite the best amateur talent in the Colony had been secured, and did excellent work in the comic and sentimental line, but the entire absence of the name of Mr. Wolf from the bers taking pait were all so good that we will programme was much regretted. The mem. not make any invidious distinctions, as the known to need any individual mention. They following amateur entrepreneurs are too well were Messrs. Jenkins and Robens, Bowen, Evans, Rogers, Bailey, Harris, Winckelsett, Laing, Thwaltes, Burnett, Badcock, McGrann

theatre in the adjoining building had long The two 1's, and Master Willie Hant. The closed its doors before this enfoyable function was brought to a close, and consequently the what inconvenient to the "long distances," absence of chairs and rickshas proved some-

THE FINAL HEARING.

On rith ult, Mr. Justice Joyce concluded Mr. Levett, K.G., finishing his reply on the the hearing of the arguments in this action, whole case.

In the North manure is regularly used, and straw spread about the roots in the severity of winter. The pariods and manner of gathering the leaves are the same all parts of China," but the subsequent process required for the pre- ||paration of tea as an article of commerce differs somewhat, according to the place of growth and the various descriptions of the plants. The operations required, though of course lemanding considerable practical experience The lecturer, who is well qualified to speak are very simple in their character, the grand on the subject, having for many years been object being to expel the moisture and at the confected with the ten indunity in Upper India, same time to retain as much as possible of the said Considering the enormous and yearly in aromatic or other desirable secretions of the creasing consumption of tea, not only in Eng. herb. In Black Tea I will describe the process land and the English speaking communities, adopted for congou, by far the most important but also in nearly the whole of the civilized kind exported. The first step is to expose globe, it is somewhat curious to observe that, the freshly picked leaves to the air on large as compared with many other articles of com.bamboo mats or trays from twelve to twenty merce held in high esteem, its introduction is four hours, which period varies in accordance But as a thing of yesterday, whilst even in fle with the quality of the leaves, and the itate native country history gives it a far less anciant of the atmosphere at the time of gathering, pedigree than can be indisputably ascribed all for teas gathered from the finest shrubs and the world over to its more captivating-if more in bright weather, a short exposure to the dangerous rival Wine. Notwithstanding the shade and air is opough to soften them importance which the cultivation of tex hadufficiently whilst leaves at all harsh or Sp obtained, many generations passed before brous and picked in rainy or cloudy weather, It became an article of commerce.

require a much longer exposure in a hot sun.

plant and the method of its cultivation and any sand or dirt which may adhere, and then feet" into "not less than three English feet." | persistence. I am of the opinion that the best later. Mr. Jenkins gave a very fine piccolo sola.

will now give to you a description of the In this state they are sifted to rid them or ad by changing."not less than six. English | buried the more chance is there of their act as accompanista daring the evening, and kociated himself from this course, but he had

gathered up by the workman with both hands, manufacture.

The tea plant is a hardy evergreen shrub,rown into the air, and shaken, and tossed about for a considerable time until they be from three to six feet in height, in appearance come soft, when they are thrown into heaps, much resembling a camellia tree, the bark where they remain for an hour or two, at the rough, dark and gray: the stem husky with end of which period they become slightly gumerous branches and very leafy; the blossom spotted nr tinged with red and emit a fragrant White with yellow anthera much resembling e

sinell. The next process at ooca commences dog rose, and extremely fragrant.

by the workman taking up as many leaves as he can grasp in his hands, and pressing them. into the form of a ball, which is rolled upon a ratian worked table, the object being to get rid of a portion of the sap, and at the same time to give the requisite twist. This done they are thrown for five minutes into a shallow iron pan heated by a brisk wood fire to a very high temparature, care being taken to stir the leaves continually to prevent burning, which would impart a smoky flavour; then again railed and spread and for three hours on trays to dry in the open air, when the labourer goes in rotation through the trays, tuming the leaves and separating them from each other. The double process of roasting and rolling is then repeated, and unless it is desired to complete the manufacture at once, the leaves, by this time ball cured, are put aside in baskets or bags. The final stage is that of the drying called "Poey" which is conducted as follows: the pans containing charcoal are firmly built in with clay on the floor, the charcoal is heated to a red heat and then covered with ashes, A tubular basket, opened at both enda, and shaped like an hour glass, the contraction in the centre, however, being very slight, is now placed over each piece of charcoal; on the contracted centre a warm bamboo tray, with tea leaves allowing the charcoal fumes to ascend freely. Five to tes minutes are sufficient for each drying. The tea having been sufficiently picked, the last Notwithstanding these doubts, however, drying is now gone through. The leaves are botanists were unwilling to disturb the classi-incher, and dried over the chatcoat pass until on the trays to a depth of four to six fication of their great master, although from sufficiently cured. The workman occasionally time to time discussion arose on the subject takes the baskets off the fire to stir the tea and (into which it would be beyond the limiti of my present lecture to enter bat resulting in having shaken any dust from them, replaces the general admission that, although the Tea Boben, previously known as the Black Thea Souchong is prepared in very much the plant and the Then Viridis, known as the Green same way as congou, but less of the sap is Tea plant, were usually to be found, one in squeezed out, and the tea is not dried so much the South, the other in the North of China, over the charcoal pans. When the leaves yet it was quite possible that the qualities of appear sufficiently dry, which is ascertained the leaves were affected principally by differen by their crispness, they are taken from the ce of soil and culture so that a plant which in pans and sified by means of a large circular the southern provinces produced leaves from bamboo tray, into several qualities, namely which black tea might be prepared, would dust,--what is called in the trade, fanning when transferred to the north, from the dif (being the very small light, flat leaven)-those ference of heat, light, soil and culture, produce which have not taken much of the twist, caffed leaves from which green tea could be produced. broken leaf-and the whole, close twisted, and It was reserved for Fortune, who added ́ to therefore heavy, leaf of common meddle and his previous training as a scientific man, the fine congou. experience of many years' travel in China, to prove indisputably not only that whatever difference existed the plant was one merely of variety, and not of species, that is to say, taking a familiar example not the distinction between quince and the apple, but between the golden pippin and the non- pareil; but also that either variety could be indifferently manufactured into black or green

The consumer, indeed, who did not trouble himself at all with scientific definitions, and Baw a marked difference in appearance and tastes between Black Tea and Green Tea, was perfectly willing to believe as he was first told, that these were the produce of two distinct species; but people who were familiar with China, and observant botanists had long been of opinion that Linneus had been too hasty in his classification of the plant. Itis, indeed, re- cognized that he very correctly placed Tea in the same natural order as the camellias, now so well known in all greenhouses, which it so very closely resembles. And there was always a question as to the propriety of his dividing it (in 1762) specifically into Thea Bobca and Then Viridis, a doubt which is qualified by still existing alterations in his own hand writing, which show that he never satisfied himself in this respect.

toa

them.

Mr. A. Rumjahn minuted:-The depth must be at least five feet, an suggested by the M.O.H. Mr. Lau Chu Pak minuted-It appears that no one is sure of what depth is necessary. I think four feet is quite sufficient, and if the grave is torfed there is no fear of the loose soil being washed away.

The Registrar General's motion was subse quently carried, the President (Dr Clark) be- ing the only dissentient.

R.E. VARIETY CLUB.

DRAMATIC ENTERTAINMENT.

THE CHINESE ENGINEERING AND MINING CO. CASE.

THE FOURTEENTH DAY.

•

The bearing of the case was continued on oth ult, when Counsel further proceeded with the arguments for the defence>

Haldane expressed in Court his willingness to neglected to do that. He was going to ask bis carry it out, they had deliberately refused and

liberty to apply. lordship make a declaration simply in the terms of the first clause of the claim with

His Lordship said nobody objected to that. Mr. Hamilton said he did most emphatically. for a declaration, and not for an order to carry His Lordship aid Mr. Levett asked simply ot

4.

C...

that the memorandum under seal of February Mr. Levelt said he asked for a declaration 19, 1901, is binding on all the defendants, with liberty to apply."

against Mr. Morsing?

Mr. Rufus Isaacs: You do not ask for that

parties to the old agreement.

Mr. Levett said he did, because they were

His Lordship dissented.

The Medical Officer of Health minuted 1 am pot disposed to recommend the Board to amend the Cemetery bye-laws on the lines indicated by the Hon, the Registrar General,

to events the conveyance by false representa

He submitted the defendants induced Chang It must be bome in mind that Cemetery bya

tions. The only schame disclosed, to his laws are framed primarily to preserve the purity cure the most speedy decomposition of the dead of the atmosphere, and not necessarily to pro-

for 375,000 shares, that £100,000 should be clients was that they should sell the property body. The burial of corpses close to the surface

100,000 shares as promotion money. He was raised by shares and that there should be invariably leads to the contamination of the

taking the case as much against himself as atmosphere by the gaseous and other products of decomposition, and this is especially liable

possible, because Mr. Hoover said that 200,000 Dr. Pearse replied that be understood the to occur in cemeteries such as we have in this motion aimed at reducing the depth of saves

shares was the highest figure mentioned. In Colony, built on the side of a hill,--so that a to five feet. He took his own figure at four

the event which happened the old company heavy rain-fall may, at any time, remove a layer feet, basing his opinion upon the conclusion

received 375,000 shares out of 1,000,000 which of the surface soil, especially in recently filled that all the earth taken out from the grave four

was little more than one-third of the gravce, and 10 expose the coffins if they are feet deep would he put back on the top of the

capital, and the company got no cash at all not buried at an adequate depth. Moreover, coffin, it being obvious that if they did this

under the agrement. If the Jnly deed had been is well-known that the germs of not a few they would have as much earth over the coffin

carried out, there would have been a total diseases, such, for instance, as plague and as the original depth of the grave before the CHANG YEN-MAC v. MOREING AND OTHERS.

share capital of £675,000, and the company typhoid fever, can live in the surface soil, coffin was put into it. And then, if they turfed

would either have had cash or a liability on and although the Government Bacteriologist the mound firmly they would prevent the up-

the shares of 100,000, In that case the old has stated, in his report on plague, that per layers from being washed off. They would

company would own more than half of the plague bacilli have not yet been found then have the body buried as near as possible

accruing to the old company therefore amount. shares of the new company. The damages in the earth surrounding coffins contain.

to the surface to get quick decomposition with- ing plague corpses, yet this is hardly conclu-out the danger of its becoming uncovered.

ed to 187,500, which be claimed against sive, in the present state of our knowledge

Mr. Haldane, K.C., in conclading his argu

Marsing and his firm, because the plaintiff concerning this disease, and although all

ment, said his theory of the whole transaction

was induced to execute the conveyance which recognized deaths from plague are interred in a

was that the real contest was not about Clause Counsel asked his lordship to find as a fact enabled the defendants' plans to be carried out. special cemetery, yet it cannot be denied that a

7 of the memorandum. What happened was considerable percentage of unrecognized cases,

ht in the summer of 1900, in order to avoid and that, so far from that being a benefit to the that there was no need to raise the cojooo, are interred in the general cemeteries, · The

the action of the Powers, there had been an model bye-Inws of the Local Goverment

agreement executed, under full powers vested Mr. Moreing that it was a good bargaina

company, it was a burden. The statement of Board of England requires every portion of a

in Detring, under which there was a complete not correct, and could not be sustained. That coffin containing ah adult body to be not less

transfer of the property of the,, company finished his case against Moreing and against than four feet from the surface of the surround-

21st inst.

Yothing else would have been of any use, him he asked for an inquiry as to damages, ing ground, and allowing for the extra depth of Notwithstanding the inclemency of the wea

because the very purpose of the formation of As to the company, counsel submitted that, error in the measurements made by the Chi-Engiceer's Theatre, in Wellington Barracks, was to put the company outside the Chinese pany deliberately proceeded to get whole and a Chinese coffin, and also allowing a margin of ther and several counter-attractions, the Royal the new company and the transfer to Hoover with the exception of Mr. Moreing; the com asse sexton, there is not much difference was fairly packed last evening when the Vatonsinion and vest it in British subjects for the sole centrul of the prerty of the company. between our bye-laws, and the regulations in riety Club raised the curtain for the first of three parpose of getting protection. It was contem-It was impossible on the evidence to sustain force at home. The undertakers' licences dramatic, vocal and instrumental entertain-plated that possession should be taken under the proposition that they had honestly carried might be altered from six English feet to ments, All the arrangements had been placed the agreement of July 30, 1900. Hoover then out the agreement. Up to the time Mr. five English feet, as an allowance of one foot in the hands of Q. S. Hunt and Staff came on the scene with the proposed akera- considerably below the average. With regard to with anqualified success. The theatre is a only for the extra depth of a Chinese coffin is Sergt. Ménage, a E., and their efforts met

tions. The object of the alterations was to the question of chumam, the bye-low specifies pretty little place, well-kept, and is well

enable Mr. Hoover to make a profit for those he represented, and therefore it was desitable the Board," and as chunam is hardly ever used tertainment opened with the overture, Sanment as trustee for the company. With regard turi or chunam or other material approved by supplied with all kinds of scenery. The en- that he should not be described in the agree nowadays for this purpose, except for the re- Souci, performed by the Bard of the pair of those large Chinese graves, which are Royal West Kent Regiment, and was followed trustee for Mr. Moreing. Counsel said that o the suggestion that Mr. Hoover came out as no longer allowed in the cemeteries, owing to by a comedietta, entitled, "A Happy Pair," the exigencies of space, it is hardly worth while the dramatis persone being Staff Sergeant A. T.

Mr. Moreing was only one of a number of promoters, who were anxious to get what to amend a bye-law in this respect, especially Walstow, R., as Mr. loneyton, and Mrs. they thought they were entitled 10. Among as, with the exception of the Tung Wah Hospi Watkins, wife of Captain C. M. F. Watkins, these promoters were his Excellency and tal Cemetery, at Kal Lung Wan, and ons or RE, as Mre, Honeyton, both being extremely Detring. Delring had stipulated there should two other very small cemeteries (eg, the Euta good and vastly entertaining. The band after he 50,000 shares for promotion remuneration to sian and Chinese Protestant) this work is done wards played a selection of Tosti's songs, his Excellency and himself, nd it was evident The manipulation of Green Tea, though by officers of the Sanitary Department at the which were admirably rendered, and equally careful, is less elaborate, as the

was that Detring suggested there should be part of manufacture does not necessitate so many

cost of the Government, and turf is invariably followed by Q. M. S. Bacon, R.E., with." A the capital issued in order to provide for these used for the purpose.

Bedouin love sang excellently aúng. alterations of natural and artificial drying as are

Mr. 30,000 shares, and that other shares should go H, W. Ray followed with the well-known song

to the promoters. Mr. Hoover proposed an requisite forthe dark colour and distinguishing

The Happy Land," and was vociferously arrangement to Mr. Detring, which Detring flavour of the Black Ten. The essential varia tion is in the rapidity of the process, and the

encored The instrumental trio by the las accepted as part of the machinery. His case course. His learned friend formulated his case Mr. Rufus Isaact said he objected to that. saros had, unfortunately, to be abandoned, al- different means adopted for the final application

was that when February, 1901, arrived Chang at the end of the opening, and at the end of though, it is expected it will be given, to night. took exception, not to a particular clause about the evidence, and there was not a word men of heat. The fresh leaves are at once taken with

This may also be said of Mrs. A, R. Fullerton's his position, but he threw over Mr. Detring, totioned of this declaration that be memorandum out any preliminary exposure to the air and are

song "Cavation," this well known vocalist being stipplate for something further than the was binding on Mr. Moreing. On the other hand, those black and green placed in a vassel called by our early English

unable to be present last night. "My Country Tis. 500,000, and it was over that further sum tens, which are manufactured in considerable writers a "talch" of cast iron (not copper as

Cousin," as rendered by S. 5. A. T. Walstow that the squable between Chang and others quantities in the vicinity of Canton, are ob was commonly supposed) much deeper and of

was deservedly encored, while Mr. J. H. took place. Detring was just as angry with would show that, except in the pleadings, the Mr. Rufus Isaacs said the shorthand notes tained from the Thea Bohes, or black tea. different form to that used for the Black Tea;

Oxberry's skits on Falstaff" were intense Chang as anybody else, because he thought declaration against Morcing had not been The tea shrub, although grown in almost this is heated almost red hot by a very fierce every soil and aspect, ancceeds most in hilly fire, and has an inmediate effect on the leaves,

a repetition. In sites of moderate elevation, where it is best which at once begin to make a cracking sound,

the saliloquizing scene result the supplemental agreement we drawn Chu Pak, that his views on the subject of earth from Hamlet, Mr. F. Winckelsett was

up by Hoover and Mr. White Cooper, with the the memorandum was absolutely binding.so as His Lordship said he might not think that. able to benefit by the fertility of soil, heat, etc. become quite moist and flaccid, and give out burial were somewhat different from the views particularly good as the Prince of Denmark. object of putting things right. It was not doneo raise a claim for damages, yet, still it might Tha plant is generally raised from the seeds a considerable portion of vapour, and in five which were current in the Colony. The Go Master Willie Hunt was encored for his con- for the purpose of altering the basis on which be binding to the extent that the defendanta which are gathered in October, dried in the minutes are sufficiently prepared to be re vernment brought the question forward two tribution, after which the Band brought the the sale to the British company was to take were not entitled to retain the benefit of the sun, and kept mixed up with sand and earth, moved for the rolling effected in the same way years ago and he then reported on the first part of the programme to a close. The place, but for the purpose of introducing so-called, transfer without carrying out the during the winter. In the spring the seed is or manner as I described for the Black Tea matter, some notes made at the time being curtain subsequently rose on another come provisione which would secure to Chang some provisions of the memorandum sown broadcast and is allowed to grow for a though sometimes in the inferior descriptions as follows-The object of earth burial of dietta in one act, entitled "Change Par nere further monty. The construction which had year, when the seedlings, by this time nine to done by the feet instead of the hands of the the dead is to promote speedy decomposi- which was full of lanocent mirth and fun, and been put on Clause 7 by the plaintiffs was the relief which he asked from the Court was

Mr. Levett, in concluding his reply, said that, twelve inches high, are transplanted in rows at workmen. They are then a second time carried tion and disintegration in such a manner as to in which the following took part, and did ex merely a new way of trying to unrip the) A simple declaration that the memoran a distance of two to three feet. The damp, to the pan when the heat is considerably dimi cause no danger to the living. This is best tremely well:-5 S. A. T. Walstow, R.E. (Sir registration of the company, and get the title dum was binding on the defendants, with: moist weather at the time of the monsoon innished and a slow but steady fire kept up to accomplished by burial in the upper layers of Pitful Guri); Lc-Cpl D S Mann, R.E, out of the people who bad bought and paid for liberty to apply; (2) an inquiry what damages, pril and May enables the young shrubs to which they are exposed for about two hours. In soil. The depth at which it is necessary to (Charles Gust); Miss Marion Clarke, (M. the property. The Chinese authorities proceed the plaintiffs had sustained by reason of the Establish themselves in the copris of the first this operation great attention is paid to ensure bury is conditioned by (1) the possibility of Somerton); Mrs. G. Fmith, (F); and S.S. E. ed on the basis that Chang had sold the pro-fraudulent misrepresentations of the defendant year the main shoot is cropped to reduce the an equal temperature, the rounders constantly remains being detected by animals and dug up, J. Ménage, K.E., (Parker).

perly and enriched himself, and, consequently, Marcing contained in certain specified letters; height to about three feet and cause the plant keeping the leaves in a rapid motion, whilst (2) the necessity for the sufficiency of soil

he had defrauded the Chinese Government of(3) an order for the payment of such damages. to grow bushy, After this little is done but the boy stands by to fan them. This is generally above the body to absorb evil smelling gases

part of its property, it was clear on theby the defendant C. A. Mareing and his firm necessary weeding of the ground, and an occa: the last essential operation, though it occasion- and to avoid accidental uncovering. These

evidence that Chang knew he was getting the() an inquiry what damages the plaintiffs had sional stirring of the carts, until the time for ally happens that a third rolling and roasting conditions will be met by having a uniform

so,coo shares as profit, but that in China, assustained by reason of the memorandum tot cropping, which is generally in the fourth or are necessary to fix the colour and bring out depth of two feet of soil above the coffin and by

here, it was sometimes inconvenient to tell having been carried out; and (5) payment of fifth year, according to the strength or weakce the dullish oliva tint which shows that there taking care to prevent storm water from wash-

your shareholders everything. On the face of the defendant company of such damages. He ness of the shrub. The picking of tea com-is-no longer any danger of the tea. being so ing away the soil over graves, and further by

and inst. the Court had only to determine the right of asked his lordship to say that on the lattern raences, all over China, in April. The second influenced by the atmosphere as to become turfing the graves promptly after burial. When What might well be described as the the parties. But if the "ourt made the declara.there was more than enough to convict of crap is gathered about the middle of Juse, and black. The most particular part of the opera organic matter is buried in the upper layers of Garrison Theatre, but which is more gener- tion that was asked for it would go forth in deceit dad fraud. He did not believe that if In October the fourth or last crop is plucked. Con is now done, and the tes may be put aside the earth it is attacked by animal and vegetable ally known as the Royal Engineer's Theatre, China that the English Court had declared the order he asked for were made there would On account of the autumn rains, this is fre- without fear of deterioration till it is required organisms, the animal world being chiefly re- at Wellington Barrack, has b.en packed that Chang-yen-mao had e tire dominion over be the slightest difficulty. The learned conntal quently better than either the second or third for the market; in fact, it is generally sold by presented by the insects and the vegetable during the past two nights on the occar the property. The Government at Pek ng then dealt at length with the different grounds crops. Each class is gathered by different men: the peasants in this state, but merchants se world by the bacteria. A body before it is sion of two out of three ciertamente to would act accordingly and take back the proof defence that had been set up, contending first, the top leaf; and finally the fourth and parate it into the sorts which be requires, buried has already begun to decompose through conclude another of the series of concerts perty in entire disregard of the rights of every that neither on authority or principle, was there. fifth leaves, which form the middle leaf tea; the and refine it according to quality-the coarse the agency of the bacteria it contains; when it arranged by the R. E. Variety Club This one. Counsel asked his Loidstip either to anything to prevent the plaintiff from suing in coarse leaf is the refuse of these two classes. kinds once, the finer sorts, found fram the is placed in the satth this decomposition is purely military institution has been in ex stence construe the memorandum and say what it this country. As to the defence of the company It is the duty also of the gatherers of the middle young leaf which twists more loosely than helped by the soil bacteria. It becomes the for a number of years, and under the abla meant, or if any declaration must be made, that to carry out the provisions of the memorans, leaf tea, as they are the last gatherers, to search the older, three or four times. During the time natural food of the living earth. Deep burial management of its different member is rapidly then that it should be expressly without pre dum would be ultra piret, it was not good in, for and gather any other delicate leaves which that bar elapsed since the completion of the retards this process. In place of the speedy coming to the front, Originally formed with judice to any question of construction, if no law. There was nothing to prevent a company may have been overlooked by the previous principal process the colour comes out more disintegration and decomposition, there takes the intention of catering for the amusement of construction were to be placed on the docum. by its articles appointing a director general gatherers. The mode of gathering is by turning fully and assumes the black tints resembling place a slow process of putrefaction with the the troops in Garrison It has, of recent years, ment the Foreign Office would be considerably with absolute power to do everything except. the thumb, downwards, and ripping off the the bloom on fruit, which distinguishes this elimination of more putrid gases than when been endeavouring to provide entertainment embarrassed. The Court had not to deal with what was required by statuts to be done by the young green succulent shoot with the bailand class of tea and renders, its appearance so

the body is properly but less deeply buried. If for the wives and families of the soldiers.. an ordinary caso, but one of far-reaching shareholders in genetal meeting. The real, fore-finger. The gatherers carry a small basket agreeable.

a body be buried deeply enough to prevent So successful have the efforts of the diplomatic significance.

Mr. Levett, C. replied on the whole case bean deceived? And had the defendant come, In front of them, fastened round the body have thus shown in this brief account that dogs detecting it by their sonas of small, the members been in this respect that they can

questions were, Had the Chinese, company thus they are enabled to gather the leaves with both hands, and throw them quickly into the the difference of Green Tea from Black arises question of contamination of the air by graca now afford to cater for only a limited number for the plaintiff, and said the Important question pany any honest ground for refusing to CRITY!! rising through the soil may be dismissed. of their civilian friends who are charged but a was whether this wonderful specimen of out the terms of the memorandum? If they basket. After the fourth gathering, the shrabreither from a variety of plants nor from pre- Contamination of ground water is far more nomical fee for admittance. Some capital pro Western finance was one which would be

Court was satisfied that the answer suggested. will againexhibit on abundant display of foliage,paration in copper vinels or artificial colour likely to occur a a consequence of deep |grammes have been presented from time to sanctioned by the court. The defendants had by the plaintiff to those two questions was, but these leaves must be left to restore theng, but from the mode of handling adopted by bunal than of shallow burial inasmuch time and it speaks well for those responsible avoided the whole story. He submitted that correct, then the plaintiff would be entitled to axbausted energy of the plant. The leaves

which various chemical changes are produced.

Es in the former case the filtering power for the arrangements to find that really good the agreement did not authorise the borrowing damages against the defendant Moreing, and that are darllest gathered are of the most deli-

It may be epitomised as follows:-

the lining earth-fe, the upper layers-is talent han frequently been obtained. In this of any money at all, Mr. Moreing was to form Chang Yen-mao would be able to go back to. cate colour and most aromatic flavour, with the

BLACK TEAS.

dispensed with. With regard to the burial connection the wives of the members are well the company and raise the working capital, but his own country and satisfy his Government, least portion of aither fibre or bitterness. Leaves.

of bodies dead from infectious diseases, while to the fore, and deserve great praise for their that working capital was on the face of it that he was not guilty of the charge which was it is impossible to make a definite statement endeavours to amuse the public generally, and to be capital subscribed on the shares. Money laid against him, of fattening himself at th founded on scientific evidence to the effect the troops in particular. None but members borrowed was not capital in any shape or form expense of his country, w that it is quite impossible for the air of a are allowed to take part in the entertainments | If Mr. Morsing knew that it was the intention graveyard to contain organisms derived from and is is really surprising to find what talent lies taraise a million fully-paid shares it was untrue judgment, intimating that he would not give it. His Lordship said that he would consider bis, the buried bodies, yet on the other hand there latent amongst the military of Hongkong. The to my the surations proposed in the agreed after this week.-L. & C. Express, 170

belief. Specific organisms of disease may had ampledemonstration of this, and when last do it. No doubt there was a sort of under- is absolutely no scisatific foundation for such |aud.ence present at the performances of Monday | ment were: slight which would enable him to Feb. possibly be carried from the graves into water evening: Major General Villiers Hatton, the standing that there were to be 200,000 *free* courses and this is far more possible with C. R. E and other officers of the garrison shares, but that was a very different thing from MESSES, Butterfield and Swire have moored a deep than with shallow, burial. Speaking attended, the Staff Officers seemed well pleased what was done-vis, to issue the whole of the hulk in the front of their newly acquired pro- generally, the trend of modern eplalon with with the entertainment, Mrs. A.:R. Fullerton co 000 shares as fully paid, the promoters perty, which is situated on the Bund in, the, regard to the persistence of specific disease kindly assisted with the programme which was taking: 625,000 and saddling the company with British Settlement at Hankow, making, the organisms in the soil, is, that the more they carried through without bitch from beginning debenture debt of £50,000, Counsel then third hulk they have there. are brought into contact with naturally oc to end. The performance, this evening, at 8.30, commented severely upon certain etters, par not look like a decadence of British trade. This does ocurring saprophytic organisms of the will terminate the series of cascaris and those ticularly one of November 9, 1900, written by observed the Hankow correspondent of the spil, the mole-rapidly will they die out who have pos already visited the lille theatre the defendast Morsing, characterising as M. C, Daily Ni

of the second gathering are of dull green (a). They ile for some time spread out in the

colour, and have less valuable qualities than the former, while those which are last collected are of dark green, and possess an inferior value.

The quality is further influenced by the age

factory after gathering.

(b). They are tossed about until they become

soft, and this before roasting,

(c) After being roasted for five minutes and

hours. rolled, they are exposed to the air for some

(d) They are dried slowly over charcoal fires

in sieves.

of the wood on which the leaves are borne, and by the degree of exposure to which they have been accustomed; leaves from young wood and most exposed being always the best. After the last gathering no further labour is expanded. in. the south than is necessary to keep the plant free from weeds, and the hoeing (a) The leaves are roasted in an iron vessel by which this is accomplished stirs up the ground round its roots, though in some cases.

almost as soon as gathered.

OREEN TEAS.

the soil appear exhausted, earth previously (b) They are dried off quickly after the rolling ¡Exposed to the sun, or even burnt, is applied. ' process.

Following the reading of the minutes, the Hon. the Registrar General moved, and Mr. Lau Chu Pak seconded, that the bye-law bs altered to read that the depth of graves be re- duced from seven feet to five feet,

Dr. Peator explained, in reply to Mr. Lasy amusing and the audience demanded Chang was going back on the bargain. In the asked for,

THE GARRISON THEATRE,

A BUCCESSFUL INSTITUTION,"

!**

Page 5Page 6

SHIPPING JETSAM.

both inst.

The British steamer Argus is reported sold lo Japanese.

A fire broke out at Kobe on the P. & O. chartered stramer Arif on the 8th, the loss being estimated at V10000.

The British steamer Henley, 2,311 tons gross, has been so'd in n. Takia buyer for Y80,000 and renamed the Tainan 'Maru,

The Japanese have chartered from Messrs. Butterfield and Swire two steamers, Anhui and the Chem, bolli 2,40 tons each, for a period of three month at $14,000 per month, a reckon. ing of $6 per tup.

A cording to the Shanghai Fimes, the Ame rican 5.8. Turcona was bound for Vladivostok with contraband when it became ice locked off Haleside, and was captured by the Japanese cruisers on the 14th init.

The Russian steamer]"Progress which ran

T

down and sank the N. Y. K. S., Toni Maru, drawing 150 people, near Hakorlate, in Octn ber, 1913, is to be sold by auct on to repay the Hakodate Dock Co. the cost of repairing her.

The Master of the s.4. Erang, from Tientsin, reports that on the ith last, he passed within a cable's length of two floating mines, one being in Lat, 37° 29′ 30′′ N., Long, tzif yaf. 30 E. and the other in Lat. 37° 9′ 15′′ N Long, 12:′ 45′ a′′ E.