1903-11-19 — Page 6

Hongkong Telegraph 港電新報 士蔑新聞 All

Shipping--Steamers.

to, 1903.

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1903.

OCEAN STEAMSHIP CO., LD.

AND

CHINA MUTUAL STEAM NAV. ĆO., LD.

JOINT SERVICES.

TAKING CARGO ON THROUGH BILLS OF LADING FOR ALL EUROPEAN, NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN, WEST AUSTRALIAN, JAVA

AND SUMATRA PORTS.

FORTNIGHTLY SAILINGS FOR LONDON AND CONTINENT. MONTHLY SAILINGS FOR LIVERPOOL.

FROM

OUTWARDS.

GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL......... GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL........ GLASGOW and 1.1VERPOOL.... GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL... GLASGOW and LIVERPOOL.

FOR

MUESTRAMERA

"PELEUS".

"DARDANUS"

"YANGTSZE" "PYRRHUS".. "TYDEUS" "NESTOR" "KEEMUN"

HOMEWARDS.

*GENOA, MARSEILLES & L'PODL LONDON & ANTWERP MARSEILLES, L'DON & A'WERP.. *LIVERPOOL

MARSEILLES, L'DON & A'WERP.. MARSEILLES, L'DON & 'A'WERP.. *LIVERPOOL MARSEILLES, L'DON & A'WERP..

FOR

STEAMERS

"NINGCHOW"

" POLYPHEMUS' "HYSON" "ACHILLES"

PROMETHEUS"

* DARDANUS** "YANG TSZE ",

Shipping Steamers.

TOYO KISEN KAISHA

MANILA LINE.

REGULAR SERVICE

BETWEEN HONGKONG AND

MANILA IN 48 HOURS.

Largest and Fastest Steamers on the rente. Excellent Accommodation. Cuisine Unexcelled. Unrivalled Speed. Fitted throughout with Electric Light Doctor and Stewardess carried.

Steamship.

ROHILLA MARU

DUR

On 18th November | ROSETTA MARU On 5th December, On 12th December. On 14th December. On 19th December. On 1st January. On 8th January.

Street.

TO SAIL

On zoth November. On 24th November.

On 8th December.

On 20th December. On 22nd December.

On 5th January.

On 15th January, On 19th January.

* Taking Cargo

for Liverpool at London Rates.

" DIOMED "

TRANS-PACIFIC SERVICE.

STEAMERS

VICTORIA, SEATTLE, TACOMA, and] "PELEUS"

all PACIFIC COAST PORTS, NAGASAKI, KOBE and YOKOHAMA,)

TYDEUS"

TO SAIL

On 30th November.

On 1st January.

S.S.DEUCALION," from Tacoma, arrived Yokohama on the 17th inst., and leaves Moji for

Hongkong on the 23rd inst.

For Freight, apply to

Hongkong, 18th November, 1903.

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, AGENTS.

18

CHINA NAVIGATION CO. LIMITED.

SHANGHAI ...

FOR

Captain.

Tons:

Ernest Bent...

H. S. Smith...

3,869

3,876

Sailing Date.

FRIDAY, zoth November, at 11 A.M.

THURSDAY, 26th November, at II A.M.

For Freight or Passage, apply at the Company's Office, 3; Queen's Building, Ice House

K. NAKASHIMA, Manager,

Hongkong, 16th November, 1903,

DOUGLAS STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.

FOR SWATOW, AMOY AND TAMSUI

HE Company's Steamship

"HAIMUN,"

Captain Gibson, will be despatched for the above Ports, TO-MORROW, the aoth instant, at Daylight.

For Freight or Passage apply to.........

"DOUGLAS, LAPRAIK & Co.,

General Managers. Hongkong, 19th November, 1903, [13810

INDO-CHINA STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED.

FOR MANILA VIA AMOY, THE Company's "Steamship"

THE

"YUENSANG,"

Captain S. J. Payne, will be despatched as above OD SATURDAY, the 21st instant, atʻz P.M.

For Freight, apply to

JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. General Managers.

Hongkong, 18th November, 1903.

[13810

STEAMERS.

TO SAIL.

CHINA COMMERCIAL-STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.

"WHAMPOA"

zoth November.

+ Taking Cargo on through Eils of Lading to all Yangtste and Northern China Ports.

For Freight or Passage, apply, to

Hongkong, 19th November, 1903.

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,

AGENTS.

Hongkong-Manila.

Highest Class, newest, fastest and most luxurious Steamers between Hongkong and Manila.-Saloon amidships-Electric Light-Perfect Cuisine-Burgeon and Stewardess carried. All the most up-to-date arrangements for comfort of Passengers.

CHINA AND MANILA STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.

Steamship.

Tons. Captain.

For

司公限有船輪華中

FOR MOI, KOBE, YOKOHAMA, MAN- ZANILLO, MEXICO AND

SAN FRANCISCO.

THE Steamship

"ATHOLL," Captain Watt, will be despatched for the above Ports, on WEDNESDAY, the zud December, at Noon.

For Freight, apply at the Company's Offices, No. 20, Des Vœux Road.

J. S. VAN BUREN, Superintendent. Hongkong, 14th November, 1903. [4360 BECULAR STEAMSHIP SERVICE TO NEW YORK,

FIA PORTS, AND SUEZ CASNJ. (With Liberty to call at PHILIPPINE PORTS)

PROPOSED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG

J About 1903, "ORO...

.....21st Nov. "ORONO"................. 8th Dec. "LOWTHER CASTLE

.15th Dec. "SIKH "

.24th Dec. "SAGAMI"

...... 5th Jan. 15th Jan, ...27th Jan.

"LENNOX

"AFRIDI "

'0

Sailing Dates.

ZAFIRO............3540 R. Rodger .................... MANILA (DIRECT)... SATURDAY, 21st Nov., At

IO A.M. PERLÁ

1980 J. McGinty......MANILA VIA AMOY SATURDAY, 21st Noy., at

4 P.M. RUBI............ 1540 R. W. Almood... MANILA (DIRECT)... SATURDAY, 28th Nov., at

TO A.M. For Freight or Passage, apply to

Hongkong, 18th November, 1903.

SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.

GENERAL MANAGERS.

[1208d

SCERAL

FOR SHANGHAI, YOKOHAMA AND KOBE.

*HE H.A.L. Steamship

THE

"ARAGONIA,"

[17

Captain Forst, will be despatched for the above Ports, TO-MORROW, the zoth instant, at 5 PM..

For Freight, apply to

HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE, Hongkong Office.

[1355€ Hongkong, 19th November, 1903,

EASTERN AND AUSTRALIAN STEAM. SHIP COMPANY, LIMITED,

FOR SYDNEY AND MELBOURNE. Calling at TIMOR, PORT DARWIN and QUEENS LAND FORTS, and taking through Cargo to ADELAIDE, NEW ZEALAND, TASHANIA, &c.)

THE Steamship

"EMPIRE," Captain P. T. Helms, will be despatched for the on SATURDAY, the 21st

above. Ports, instant, at 4 P.M.

This well-known Steamer is specially fitted for Passengers, and has a Refrigerating_Chamber, which ensures the supply of Fresh Provisions, | Ics, &c., throughout the voyage.

This Steamer is installed throughout with the Electric-light.

Consignees,

S.S. "ARMAND BEHIC." COMPAGNIE DES MESSAGERIES MARITIMES.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

CONSIGNEES of Cargo from London ox s.s. Orlegal and Guadiana, and from Havre ex ss. Guadiana, and from Bordeaux ex se, Villa de Rochefort and Cambras, in con- nection with above Steamer, are hereby inform ed that their Goods, with the exception of Oplum, Treasure and Valuables are being landed" and stored, at their risks into the Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Go down Co., Limited, at Kowloon, whence delivery may be obtained immediately after landing.

Optional Cargo, will be forwarded on unless intimation is received from the Consignees before Noos, TO-DAY, the 17th instant, re- questing it to be landed here.

Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the Undersigned. Goods remaining unclaimed after TUESDAY, the 24th instant, at NOON, will be subject to rent and landing charges,

All claims must be sent in to me on or before the 24th instant, or they will not be recognised. All damaged packages, will be examined on TUESDAY, the 24th înstant, át 3. P.M. No Fire Insurance has been effected.

G. DE CHAMPEAUX, Agent. Hongkong, 17th November, 1903

ORTHERN PACIFIC STEAMSHIP

COMPANY.

NORTHER

[1040

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

STEAMSHIP "OLYMPIA," FROM TACOMA, VICTORIA, YOKO. HAMA, KOBE, MOJI AND SHANGHAI

The above Steamer having arrived, Consignees of Cargo are hereby requested to send in their Bills of Lading for countersignature and to take immediate delivery of their Goods from alongside.

Cargo impeding the discharge of the Vessel will be landed and stored at Consignees' risk and expense.

No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in any case whatever,

DODWELL & Co., LIMITED, Agents. Hongkong, 16th November, 1003.

[874d

BRITISH-INDIA STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED.

FROM RANGOON AND STRAITS.

A Stewardess and a duly qualified Surgeon THE Company's Steamship

are carried.

N.B.—To assure the additional comfort of passengers the steamers of the Company have electric fans fitted in staterooms,

For Freight or Passage, apply to

GIBB LIVINGSTON & CO., Agents, Hongkong, 13th November, 1903- [12830

FOR CHEMULPO, DALNY AND PORT ARTHUR. (Calling at SHANGHAI).

THE Steamship

"SULLBERG,"

Captain Meyer, will be despatched for the above Ports on SUNDAY, the 22nd November, at Daylight.

For Freight or Passage, apply to

HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE, Hongkong Office. Hongkong, 11th November, 1903.

FOR NAGASAKI, YOKOHAMA AND

KOBE

For Freight and further Information, apply THE N.D.L. Steamship

DODWELL & Co., LIMITED the

Agants.

1330d

Hongkong, 17th November, 1901.

CHINA NAVIGATION COMPANY? LIMITED.

HONGKONG-11ANILA,

REDUCED SALOON PAS- SAGE MONEY.

SINGLE, $20. RETURN, $35.

PORTLAND & ASIATIC STEAMSHIP CO. Sht, First Class Accommodation. Un

PROPOSED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG, VIA SHANGHAI, INLAND SEA OF JAPAN, MOJI, KOBE AND YOKOHAMA, -

YOX

PORTLAND, OREGON,

OPERATING IN CONNECTION WITH

THE OREGON RAILROAD AND NAVIGATION COMPANY.

Топа

Steamship "INDRASAMHA” ..............5,197........W. E. Craven.....

"INDRAVELLI "INDRAPURA

Captain

To Sail Dec. 14, 1903. 4,899...R. F. Craven ..................... Jan 14, 1904. 4,899........A. E. Hollingsworth...... Feb. 13,

Through Bills of Lading issued to Pacific Coast Points and all Eastern, Canadian and United States Points. For through rates of Freight and further information, communicate with or apply to

ALLAN CAMERON, General Ageni. 1266c]

OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA

PROPOSED SAILINGS-SUBJECT TO ALTERATIONS,

Destinations.

Steamers,

Captains.

Sailing Dates,

FOR FOOCHOW*......... ‚“ANPING MARU"......K. Sudzuki ...SUNDAY, zand Nov. FOR TAMSU!*........................................." DAIJIN MARU ".........T. Ogata ......TUESDAY, 24th Nov. FOR TAMSU!*..........“ DAIGI MARU........T. Kitano.....FRIDAY, 37th Nov.

• Vil Swatow and Amoy.

The Company's new steamers are specially designed for the coast trade of South China and Formess and are fitted with all modera improvements. Excellent accommodation is provided for ret class passengers, and a duly qualified doctor is carried,

All steamers chrty the Imperial Japanese Mails, subject to periodical inspection by the Government Marine Surveyors, and are registered in the highest class at Lloyd's

Steamers will go alongside the Co Pontoon at the Customs' water-front premises at Tamsul to land all passengers and cargo.

By the Co's steamer for Shanghai, through Bill of Lading issued for Cargo to Yangtze River Ports, as well as for North China Ports, in connection with the NIPPON Yusen Kaisha's steamers from Shingbala

For Freight, Panego and further Information, apply at the Co Local Branch Office, a No. 8. Des Voeux Road Central,

Hengkong, 19th November, 1901.

STÄ ARIMA, Manager,

(19100

TEAMERS fitted throughout with Electric

rivalled Table. Duly qualified Burgeon carried,

· BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,

Agents. Hongkong, 8th July, 1903.

[804*

STEAM TO CANTON.

THE Splendid New Steel Twin Screw

Steamer

"KWONG CHOW,"

1,474 Tops, Captain Walker, leaves HONG- KONG for CANTON at 8.36 P.M. on SUNDAYS, TUESDAYS and THURSDAYS, returning to Hongkong the following days leaving CANTON at 5 P.M. Unexcelled Accommoda. tion for First Class Passengers. Ship lighted throughout by Electricity.

Fassage Fare. $4 Single Journey. Meals $1 each,

The Company's Wharf in West of the Hong- kong Harbour Master's Office.

SHIU ON S.S. CO., LTD.,

No. 8, Queen's Road West. Hongkong, 30th May, 1903.

HONGKONG-MACAO LINE.

S.S. "WING CHAL"

Captain SAMUEL BELL SMITH, EPARTURES from Hongkong, on Week

at

at 8.30 A.M.1 from Macao, Wosk Days at about

P.M. and Sundays about 7.30 P.M.

FARE (Week Days) 1st Class (including cabin and servant), $3; Retum Ticket, $5.

2nd Class, Sti 3rd Class, 50 cents. On Excursion Sundays; fat, and, 3rd Class- Single Ticket, $1; Return Ticket, 53. Return Ticket including Tiffin and Dinner either on Board or at Macao Hotel, $5. On Sundays, $5 extra will be charged for each cabin with accommodations for two or more passengers,

WHARF At the Western end of Wing Lok

Street,

Macao.

SUNDAY. It takes only 3 hours to reach The Steamer runs an Excursion Trip EVERY

MING ON & CO., and Floor, No. 16, Victoria Street. Hongkong, 7th September, 1903, [1073e

[1348e

"NURNBERG," Captain Jaburg, will be despatched for the above Ports on THURSDAY, the 26th instant, Fat NOON.

For Freight, apply to

HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE, Hongkong Office. Hongkong, 17th November, 1903, [13800

"GLEN" LINE OF STEAMSHIPS.

FOR LONDON AND ANTWERP.

THE Steamship

"GLENSHIEL," Captain J. McGillivray, will be despatched as

For Freight or Passage, apply to

MCGREGOR BROS. & GOW,

Agents. Hongkong, 13th November, 1903. (13340

"GLEN" LINE OF STEAMSHIPS.

FOR NEW YORK.

above on THURSDAY, the 3rd December.

THE Steamship

"GLENROY,"

Captain F. Selby, will be despatched as above on WEDNESDAY, the 16th December, '1903.

For Freight, apply to

MCGREGOR BROS. & GOW. Hongkong, 18th November, 1903.

(1385€

Intimations.

NOTICE.

THE BEST PREVENTIVE OF ALL INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

SANITARY SOFT SDAP.

JEYES

FLUID

DUISINFECTANT

SOAP.

AVOID ALL RISK OF OUTBREAK BY

ITS USE.

W. G. HUMPHREYS & Co.,

....... Bank Buildings. Hongkang, M16 March ::Pow

NOTICE,

HE Public are hereby informed Tange has been made, in the Rates of Subscription to the Hongkong Telegraph and TEN GENTS (10 cta.) per Single Copy," they are warned against paying more than

THE MANAGER, Hongkong Telegraph Co., Ltd. Hongkong, goth September, 1903,

"PURNEA," having arrived from the above Ports, Consignees of Cargo by her are hereby informed that their Goods will be delivered from alongside.

Cargo impeding the discharge or remaining on board after NOON, TO-MORROW, the 18th instant, will be landed at Consignees' risk and expense into Godowns at East Point. No Fire Insurance will be effected. Hills of Lading will be countersigned by

JARDINE, MATHESON & CO., Agents, Hongkong, 17th November, 1903. (1376

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

FROM CALCUTTA, PENANG AND

THE Steamship

TH

SINGAPORE.

"ARRATOON APCAR," having arrived from the above Ports, Consigndes of Cargo are hereby informed that their Goods will be delivered from alongside.

Cargo impeding the discharge will be landed at once, at Consignées' risk and expense.

Cargo remaining on board after: 4 P.M. of the 19th instant will be landed at Consignees' risk and expense into the. Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co., Limited.

Consignees of Cargo from SINGAPORE and PENANG are requested to take IMMEDIATE DELIVERY of their Goods from alongside; such Cargo impeding the discharge of the vessel will be landed and stored at Consignees' risk and expense

[1377

Consignees.

FROM HAMBURG, BREMEN, ROTTER- DAM, ANTWERP, PENANG And

SINGAPORE:

THE HAL. Steamship

"ARAGONIA," Captain Forst, having arrived from the.. above Ports, Consignees of Cargo are hereby requested to send in their Bills of Lading for countersignature by the Undersigned and to take immediate delivery of their goods from alongside,

Optional Cargo will be forwarded: unless notice to the contrary be given before TO- DAY.

landed into the Godowns of the Hongkong and Any Cargo impeding her discharge, will be. Kowloon, Wharf and Godown Co., Limited, and stored at Consignees' risk and expense,

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowns and all Goods remaining undelivered after the 25th instant will be subject

to Tent.

All broken, chafed and damaged Goods are to be left in the. Godowns, where they will be examined on the 25th instant at 3 P.M... No Fire Insurance has been effected.

HAMBURG AMERIKA LINIE, Hongkong Office. Hongkong, 18th November, 1903,

NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.

[13840

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

FROM MIDDLESBOROUGH, ANTWERP, LONDON, PORT SAID, COLOMBO. AND SINGAPORE. "HE Company's Steamship

THE

"TAMBA MARU,” having arrived from the above. Ports, con- signees of cargo are hereby informed that their Goods are being landed and placed at their risk in the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Gadown at Kowloon, where each consignment will be sorted out mark by mark and delivery can be obtained as soon as the Goods are landed.",

Optional Goods will be carried on unless instructions are given to the contrary, before 4 P.M., TO-DAY.

Goods not cleared before the 25th instant will be subject to rant.

All ship-damaged packages must be left in the Godowns and Notice of same sent to this Office before the 28th instant, or claims in connection therewith will not be recognized.

NIPPON YUSEN KÄISHA. Hongkong, 18th November, ro03: [13870

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.

"GLEN" LINE OF STEAMERS,

FROM MIDDLESBRO, ANTWERP, LONDON AND STRAITS.

THE Steamship

"GLENFARG? having arrived from the above Ports, Consignees of Cargo by her are hereby informed that their Goods are being landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Hongkongand Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co., Limited at Kowloon, where each consignment will be sorted out mark by mark, and delivery can obtained as soon as the Goods are landed.

Goods not cleared by the 21st instant will subject to rent,

ac

No Fire Insurance will be effected. fallshunds must be left in the Godowns, and a certificate of the damage obtained from the Godown Company within ten days after the steamer's arrival, after which no claims will be recognised.

MCGREGOR BROS, & GOW... Hongkong, 14th November, 1903 [12630

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES, FROM LONDON, ANTWERP, AND

THE Steams

STRAITS,

"FLINTSHIRE," Captain J. M. Haffner, having arrived from the above ports, Consignees of Cargo are hereby notified that their Goods are being landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Hongkong- and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, Limited, at Kowloon, and stored at Consignees' risk and expenses

No Claims will be admitted after the Goods have left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining undelivered after the 19th instant will be sub-

No Fire Insurance has been effected Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the Undersigned.

DAVID SASSOON & Co., LIMITED.ject to rent.

Agents: Hongkong, 17th November, 1903.

NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES,

̃HE P. & O, Š, N. Co's Steamship

"MANILA,"

ΤΗ

FROM ANTWERP, LONDON, PORT SAID, SUEZ AND STRAITS. Consignees of Cargo by the above-named vessel are hereby informed that their Goods are being landed and placed at their risk in the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown. Company's Godowns at Kowloon, where each consignment will be sorted out mark by mark, and delivery can be obtained as soon as the Goods are landed

instructions are given to the contrary before Optional Goods will be landed here unless

I P.M., TO-DAY.

Goods not cleared by the and instant, at 4 P.M., will be subject to rent.

No Fire Insurance will be effected by me in any case whatever.

..

All Claims for damage inust be sent in before the 27th instant, or they will not be recognised. All broken, chafed and damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 19th instant, at 2.30 P.M. No Fire Insurance has been effected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by

SHEWAN, TOMES & CO., Agents.

[12230 Hongkong, 14th November, 100,

Intimations.

F. BLACKHEAD & CO. SHIP-CHANDLERS, SAILMAKERS, COAL AND PROVISION MER- CHANTS, NAVAL CONTRACTORS, AND GENERAL COMMISSION. AGENTS,

PRAYA CENTRAL HONGKONG, SOAP MANUFACTURERS.

Damaged packages must be left in the GoHARTMANN'S RAHTJEN'S GENUINE downs for examination by the Consigace's and the Company's representative at an appointed

hour.

All claims must be presented within ten days of the steamer's arrival bere after which date they cannot be recognised.

No claims will be admitted after the goods bave left the Godowns.

E. A. HEWETT,

Superintendent. Hongkong, 16th November, 19â3. OCCIDENTAL AND ORIENTAL STEAM- SHIP COMPANY.

NOTICE.

CONSIGNEES of CARGO per Steamship.

"DORIC"

are hereby notified that their Goods are at their risk being discharged into Lighters and/or landed into our Godowns Nos. 1 and 2, at Kennedy Town, (Marine Lot 243), and delivery may be had either from Lighters or from our Godowas upon countersignature of Bills of Lading, S

Goods remaining instant will be subject to rent.

All Claims must be sent in to me on or before the 33rd instant or they will not be recognised

unclaimed after the 20th

No Fire Insurance has been effected.

J.STAURT THOMSON, Acting Agent. Hongkong, 13th Novainker, 1902

SOLE AGENTS FOR A COMPOSITION RED HAND BRAND, HARTMANN'S GREY PAINT, DAIMLER'S PATENT MOTOR

LAUNCHES/"

"&c.

“Sült Agents jur FERGUSON'S SPECİ L CREAM

·&€,

and

aci

P. & O. SPECIAL LIQUER SCOTCH WHISKY, &C.

EVERY KIND OF SHIP'S STORES AND REQUISITES ALWAYS IN STOCK MEASONABLE PRICas Hongkong, lath Maruf

AN APPEALI

CONVENT, CAINE ROAD, bags most respectfully to APPEAL to the Residents of Hongkong and the Coast Potts, for their kind patronage and support, and desires to state that she will be pleased to receive orders for all kinds of NEEDLE WORK

Gentlemen's Shirts made to order, and Cuffs. and Collars renewed on old ones.

Ladies and Children's Under-clothing Ca dren's Dresses, and all kinds of Embroidery Materials can be supplied, if required.

The Superioress will also be most grateful for any PAPER, or old ENVELOPES to be made ioto Books for the Children of the Poor Schools;

who are taught by the Sisters,

Hongkong, 120d April, Ros,

Comments

Approved members can add comments, bookmarks, and private notes.

No comments yet.

Private Research Note

Private notes are available after approval.