1903-08-25 — Page 4

Intimations.

A. S. WATSON & CO.,

THE

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, AUGUST 25,

NOTICE All communications intended for publication in The "HONGKONG TELEGRAPH " should be arood to the Editor,, Ice House Road, and should be accompanied by the Writer's Name and

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the loss of a day's or perhaps two days' work to plague stricken portion of the City of Victoria the average coolio is not a light matter: Come of an area sufficiently large to give a practical plaints were made that in the process of dista basis of comparison of results but not too fection much injury was done to the belongings large for my personal supervision. He con of the people, and it was whispered that suited the members of the Board and obtained squeeres were extracted by the coolles engaged their assent, and after consultation with the in disinfection under the threat of injuring Acting Medical Officer of Health he suggested furniture and other belongings in the process it should take over a block bounded ou of disinfection if money were not paid. This the North by Second Street and n the South was a matter that no amount of supervision by by Third Street with the Wei On and Sheung the Inspector could control, and the Chinese Fung Lanes lying between. The block thus were afraid to come forward and complain handed over comprised the houses on the South openly. There is absolutely no proof that this side of Second Street and on the North side of assenlon is true, but there is no doubt that the Third Street. These streets have an evil re feeling existed and helved to intensify the cord in every ep demic of plague since 1894. dread of the operations of the Sanitary Au-They are inhabited by very poor people, but thorities.

the houses themselves are by no means the 4 To allay this feeling had a meeting of worst in the City. Second Street is 3fect wide, while the houses being three-storied Medical Officer of Health, and the Chinese average about 30 feet in height, and 45 feet in members of the Sanitary Board, and arranged depth, the open area in rear being from 76 to with them that in each health district the inha- 132 square feet. Third Street is about 35 feet bitants should appoint a Kaifong'or com- wide, the houses, generally two-storied, averag mitte, and that in every case of disinfectioning 20 feet in height with a depth of 40 to 45 notic should be sent to the Rai-fong, two feet and open-spaces in rear of from 40 to 48 members of which; with the Sanitary Inspector fect shoul form a Commitee to appraise there and 9. The return of the dimensions of the floors then any damage done and give a joint certifi- in which plague occurred shows that the cubic cate of the amount, which the Sanitary Boaid air space pe, head of the inhabitanta fell far under ook to pay. It was also announced by short of the requirement of 550 feet under the lenflets distributed among the Chinese that in Public Health and Buildings Ordinance. all cases where sickness was timely reported, by the Government. all the expense of disintection would be borne

WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS. Single Color Daily, tim cents; Wonkly, twenty-the Principal Civil Medical Officer, the Acting

ESTABLISHED A.D. 1841.

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Eva Cant,

The Hongkong Celegraph

HONGKONG, TUESDAY, AUGUST 25, 1903.

PREVENTION OF PLAGUE.

MEMORANDUM BY 11. E. THE GOVERNOR.

We have received from Sir Henry Blake a copy of a Memorandum by H. E. on the

CELEBRATED result of the treatment of plague patients in their own houses, and in local hospitals, during the recent epidemic. In view of the interest taken in the subject, locally and ut hume, the publication of this interesting do cument will be found most opportune. On the 21st ult, in the House of Comnions, Mr. Chamberlain, replying to Mr. Weir, said "the experiment was being made of allowing Chinese plague, patients, at Hongkong, to be treated in their own homes in isolation.

BLEND

VERY OLD LIQUEUR

In consequence of the dislike of hospital treatment cases had been concealed. The SCOTCH WHISKY. results of the experiment would be watched with interest." The Governor's experiment, concluded not long since, will be found detailed in His Excellency's exhaustive memorandum the full text of which we print

Pronounced by connoisseurs to be the below -

BEST BRAND in the FAR EAST.

Per Dozen...

...$16.50

The following is the result of an experiment undertaken by me to ascertain how far it might be possible to enlist the co-operation of the Chinese inhabitants in the endeavour to deal with annually recu.ring epidemics of plague.

2. To understand the reasons that unpelled me to undertake this work, it is necessary to remember that for ten years Hongkong has been scourged by this disease; that no efforts of sanitation have so lar decreased its incidence or diminished its virulence; and that the pro- portion of cases found" dumped " in the streets or on the bilisides increased from 25.1% in 1898 to 32.7% in the present year.

3. The increase in the practice of thus depo- the disinfecting process as carried out by the Sanitary Authorities. The process is explained as follows in the memorandum drawn up in June, 1900, by the Medical Officer of Health— "Disinfection of infected premises.-Thia-is carried out by a European officer assisted by eight coloured foremen, a Chinese fore- man, and a varying number of coolics. soon as is known that a case of the di sease has occurred at any house, a Chinese constable is sent from the nearest Police station to detain all persons found therein (bye-law 22, Ordinance 15 of 1894), and the officer in charge of the disinfection proceeds to

A. S. WATSON & CO., sing dead bodies I attribute to the dread of

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5. This had no appreciable effect in diminish ing the number of dumped bodies, and it was evident that the passive resistence of the Chi- nese continued. This was shown by the fact that when rat traps were set in Chinese bouses the traps were found be sprung, as the find- ing of an infected rat resulted in the same inconvenience as í Hlowed the discovery of a case of plague; still, large numbers of rats were delivered to the mortuary for examination, 38,862 having heen paid for from ist January to rath of July this year, of which 3,476, or 3.9% label attached showing the house or place were found to be infected. Each rat had a where found, and where the address of a house was given that house was duly disinfected. Again, I heard whispers, of which no proof could be given, that the rat catchers, levied a respectable toll by linting at the probability of the absence of a tangible evidence of goodwill, a plaque rai being found about the premises in and, on at least one occasion, indignant pro- test was made by the householder subjected to disinfection that no rat had been caught in his house, and no trap had been set there. About a fortnight ago colour was given to these whispers. I had requested that certain experi carried out with rats, but although two thou ments, of which shall sponk later, should be sand.rats per week were being returned and paid for, Dr. Hunter, the Government Bacte riologist, found a difficulty in obtaining the live rats that he required. This probably aroused suspicions and resulted in the follow ing minutes of the Acting Medical Officer of Health:-

"Secretary,

I believe I am right in saying that, at the June 30th a resolution was passed to the effect confidential meeting of the Board"held on that the Government should be asked to sanction for the rest of the year the modifica gesterf for sexes for dealing with rats sus fion of the Government, it may be well to next year's proceduie. Ferinforma- explain that the reasons for this change are as follows:-

1. A large sum of money is now paid in bonus forats collected in the streets. : caught in houses,

2 ridiculorsly small number of rats are

3. There is no way at present of making sure that the addresses given of rats caught are correct, as foremen and coolies are no: to be trusted.

In support of this may mention that In- sector Allen found some little time since a group of rat-catchers sorting out rais in a back lane and putting on address tickets promiscu ously.

4. There is a suspicion that the coolies have given wrong addresses out of revenge in order that a house might be disinfected. "It has not been possible to prove this, but it is clear that this might be done.

|

1903.

∙Chinese

ficute; the occupants bringing, their bed boards | Consolerable time, or continue dormant över and mats, their settles, and any furniture that the winter months regaining activity with could be immersed to be dipped in the boilingue annual movement of ap ing when the water for a few minutes and thoroughly scrub cuiva of the epidemic is almost constant. bed. Clothing was either taken to wash This opinion was strengthened by the fact house and washed, or scut to the Disinfecting that in August, 1999, the body of Station at the option of the people. With 53 lift-man at Queen's Buildings who was ac houses to clean, this process took some time. cidentally killed when attempting to enter, the but apart from the thorough cleansing as above lift while in motion was found to contain all the householders in, the experimental block plague bacil! A similar result followed the turned out their furniture into the streets, examination of a man who on the 4th March, scrubbed it and swept the houses within a week 1901, was killed at Tai Koo Sugar works by of the king over of the small district. With bag of sugar falling on his head from a bright two exceptions there was no case of plague, of 20 feet; while on the and April, 1901, in the the first invasion of which was after the date body of the chief steward of a ship lying in of thorough cleansing

dock, found floating with a large wound on the head, were also found plague bacilli. Early in June several men from H.M.S. Ocean were sent to the Naval Hospital, suffering from pneumonia; on examination of their bond seven were found to be suffering from mild cases of plague. In like manner two Officers of the Sherwood Foresters who developed feverish symptoms were, on having their blood examined, found to be similarly affected. In the Baletim Official of Macao containing the report on the plague epidemic, 1895, Dr Gomes da Silva, the Medical Officer, who published the report in 1895, stated that during the height of the epidemic he had discovered plague bacilli in his own excreta.

15. so many cases occurred in the second week in May that difficulty was found in ob mining accommodation for the nccupants of he house. I therefore took a hnuse is Third Street as a local hospital, where the patients might be attended by their friends, Two hos, ital attendants were engaged, but unfort unately trained attendants could not be pro cured The people showed no disinclination to go to this pospital.,

16, On the 14th May 1 directed that the in habitants of Sheung Fung Lane. should be moved av so many cases of plague had occurred, and i wished to have the houses thoroughly ex- plored for rat runs to see if any.connection could be traced between the houses in which lague had occurred. The report (Appendix B.) shows that while rat runs were connecting respectively Numbers 1, 3 and 5,7 and 9, 15 and 13, 6 and 8. and 4, the houses in connection with 8 and 4 the only infected houses in the series namely 6 and a were not apparently infected.

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21. In June I directed Inspector Gidity to obtain as many specimens of blood as possible, on slides procured from the Government Bac teriologist. He obtained 10 specimens fun men, women and children taken at random. These slides were sent to Dr Hunter far ex tination, who reported that in five slides he found plague bacill, and in seven slides "bacilli were present in considerable numbers, were not sufficiently distinctive, however, in be some of which showed bipolar staining. They

regarded as B. pestis."

These slides werd Since they were obtained there were but three obtained between the 23rd une and Loth July.

cases of plague in the district, fram. none of which was a specimen of blood taken.

22. I am not unmindful of the fact that these reports were the result of microscopic exami- nation only. But the examination was the same as that on which a great many of the cises treated in Kennedy Town Hospital were sent to that institution where their cases raa the usual course of plague invasion

10 On the 13th April, I proceeded to the district acc mpanied by the Principal Civil Med cal Officer, the Medical Officer of Health, the Director of Public Works, the Hon. Ho Kai, M., CMG, and Mr. Fung Wa Chita, a member of the Sanitary Board, and, collecting the people, I told them, through the Chinese gentlemen present, that the Sanitary Board had offered no objection to my trying how far they 18. Having stated-the objects of my experi. would be prepared to help themselves and assist the Government in carrying out the that local hospitals and a minimuin of distur- ment, the question remains whether, assuming necessary measures. I emphasised the neces bunce will ensure a more timely discovery of sity of personal cleanliness and the destruction of vermin in their houses, and undertook that, diminution in the case mortality. As affording cases of plague we may hope for material if they would give timely notice of sickness, a rough comparison I have obtained from Ur they could be attended by either European or Thomson a return of the cases of plague in Chinese doctors, whichever they elected, at Kennedy Town Hospital during this year's their own houses. To ena le them to clean epidemic. It will be found in Appendix F. Dr. their houses and themselves I proposed to erect Thomson divides the cases into two divisions, tanks for boiling water and Jeyes' faid into the reason for which are twofold. About the which their bed boards and most of their middle of May an improved method of examin. simple furniture could be-dipped, and to supply ation of blood for bacilli first, I believe, dis- supply of hot water for washing purposes. To of the Government Civil Hospital and by this wash hnuses in which both sexes could have a covered by Dr. Ross, was adopted by Dr. Bell carry out these proposals I asked the people to method a large number of mild cases of plague stider, it will be seen that of those people ex- 23. Now, putting aside the five doubilat form a Kaifong, or committee who would were diagnosed, especially among Europeans, amined at random 4.54 % were found to be assist by their supervision. The Kai-fong is a which under former methods would have infected with plague though to all appearance Chinese instution in every Chinese town, each escaped observation, and again at this time the perfectly healthy. If we exclude all the well- street or ward having its Kut-foag formed of

treatment of patients by large doses of carbo- to-do, and take the working coolie population men of consideration among the inhabitants. lic acid was adopted in Kennedy Town alone, they, probably number 180,000 and as- Fifteen people at once came forward to whom Hospital with very favourable results. There- suning the same average amount of infection, five were added on taking over the further fore for comparison of case mortality with the there are among that class alene 8,172,persons block of houses comprising the North side of people treated locally it was considered better at present infected in Hongkong. If even a Second Street and South side of Third Street, to take the period embracing the first half of quarter of that average be accepted for the a month later, at the earnest request of the in- the epidemic. In that time there were 123 105,000 inhabitants of superior class the nume habitants. The list of the t-fong given in the report of Inspector Gidley shows the class showing a mortality of 86.17 per cent In the Appendix G. will be found the numer of rais cases of Chinese patients of whom 106 died ber of infected will be increased to 9,361. in of the leading inhabitants of these streets. I experimental block 35 cases were reported of examined in each month of the present year. may say that I am entirely satisfied with the which to were already dead. The number with the proportion of infected rats, am work done by them. They disseminated my treated was therefore 25, with 21 deaths, show afraid that the incidents mentioned in pra views as to cleaning operations, and assisted ing a mortality of 84% am aware that these 5 weakens deduction as regards. Hongkong. by their personal efforts in seeing that they numbers are too small to afford a sound basis But from whatever source the rats were pro- were carried out. They reported cases of sick for scientific comparison yet it is satisfactory to cured the proportion of infection in June was ness, and at every visit to the district all who find that so far as it went, the result of the ex-9% or 4.46% more than the percentage of the were not away at their work were ready to periment was apparently in its favour to the stiles examined, or, if the doubtful cases men- accompany me and show me what had been extent of 1,83%. In noting this result the dis- tioned by Dr. Hunter be included, 1% less, abilities of the system of local treatment as tried while in January the proportion falls to 8%. 1. By the 20th April, the six houses selected by me must be considered. I have stated that This being so, with the complete circle of. were prepared as wash houses-four for men the prescriptions given by the Chinese doctors vermin, insects, food, rats, domesic animals and two for women-and three large tanks are good, so far as they go. But with the ad- and man all infected in possibly similar, pos were erected of the dimensions given by In ministration of medicine the care of the sibly different proportion, it appears to me spector Gidley to enable the bed boards and average Chinese practitioner ceases, and the unsound to concentrale attention upon the rut furniture to be immersed in boiling water. To question of nourishment and all the assuage- as the principal means of bridging over the exercise a supervision over all the operations ments that come under the head of nursing are dormant season." (1 obtained the services of this Inspector who neglected. The sufferers in my d strict would 24. I do not know whether the conduct of

had in the epidemic of 1894 done excellent take no medicine save the usual prescription culture of the bacillus pestis has ever been ob service, who speaks Cantonese like a native, given by the Chinese doctor, which they obtain served for an annual cycle. I am informed and who enjoys the confidence of the Chinese.ed from the local druggist. The doctor, at my that the usual culture in a culture tube dies in I cannot speak too highly of the manner in request, prescribed port wine and beeftea, both a short period, either by having exhausted the which he has done the work for which he sa of which I had supplied to the druggist, who Butriment from the culture medium or by having readily volunteered, and without him there was one of the most active members of the poisoned it by its own toxin. If the blo ́d of would have been great difficulty in carrying Kaifong, and anxious to do anything in his those in whom plague bacilli now exist without nut the experiment. Mr. Fung Wa Chia took a very active interest in the work. He accom covery. But the patients refused to take them, periodically examined all through the com ng power that might increase the chances of re-producing the usual effects of plague could be panied me several times to the district and and I found them having nething but rice, or year much light might be thrown upon the dor inspected the hospital, and he gave directions congee, which is water thickened with rice miant period, and the highly important ques ion to a Chinese dctor of the Tung Wa Hospital dour. In Kennedy Town I understand that of the infectivity of these people might he to visit the district three times daily in case bis patients take the nourishment ordered for them solved. But failing this I have suggested the 5. The bonus of cents for each rat is pro services should he required. Tirs. Atkinson without difficulty, and I am of opinion that with possibility of preparing a cultare in so large a bably the incentive to the importation of ruts. and Pearse also visited the district and ex- properly equipped local hospitals under proper quantity of culture medium as will permit of... It is highly probable that a brisk trade in rats amined the case then under treatment by supervision and with trained nurses the mor. the spread of the bacillus to the utmost extent has been going on. It would no doubt pay to Chinese doctors, while, on the 9th May a tality would be sensibly diminished. bring rats into the city from outlying villages Chinese gentleman, Mr. Ho Kom Tung, wrote.

during the period shown, to be that of anupal 14 We found it difficult, to trace the means activity and still leave the medium in sufficient and from boats and even from Macao and Canto Inspector Gidley enclosing two hundred of infection. The immunity, of people living, quantity to support any renewal of propagation, ton, Inspector Reidie has reported that he dollars with the request that the money should sometimes for several days, the same room In this way I suppose that the annual "move heard of à meeting of fat-catchers at Possession be used to succour the families reduced to went far to disprove the theory of contact.ment of the bacillus might be observed.

straitened circumstances by the death from With the exception of Chu Kom and Wong distributed. He was too late to catch them, plague of those on whom they were dependent. Sam from No. 4 Sheung Fung Lane none of

25. The problem before us is, then, not sim but these rumours have the colour of truth.. The houses required for bath-houses were the people of that house who were attacked from without, a precaution taken singly, that, ply the prevention of introduction of plague The proposal to adopt next year's scheme in evacuated without a murmur. The immediate worked together, or partook of the same food. considering the wide infection of the city must the matter at once will involve (the immediate landlords were among the inhabitants of the Fourteen days after Sheung Fung Lane had be fuiile, but the elimination of the media of appointment of 6 extra Portuguese foremen at district, and the letter, of which I attach a copy, been cleansed out I directed that as many 50, one for each Plague Inspector; (2) the shows the spirit in which they met the inquiry fleas, bugs, &c.; as could be found should be the power of resistance t plague invasion by infection in cur midst, and the building up of raising into line with this the salary of the of Mr. Fung Wa Chün for particulars of rent sent to the Government Bacteriologist for improvement in the general health of the popu present permanent plague foremen; and (3) the payable. The landlords of the six houses őrst examination. A number of bugs and a spider lation that may result from improved sanitary appointinent of 14 coolies for collecting rais at taken for bath-houses on. being asked by were found, and on the roth June Dr. Hunter conditions The first can only be accomplish a fixed salary of $12 per month; (4) the aboli- me what would be the rent for two months reported that in both bugs and spider were ed by constant, unremitting attention to clean- tion of the bonus.

answered "For such a purpose, nothing.”, found plague bacilli. At the same time he tiness of person, furniture and premises, and to 12. The people were left free to choose their reported as the result of examination of a numbe effectual it is of cardinal importance that 6. In the meantime it appeared to me that own doctors, but were offered the services of ber of bugs, flies and fleas from No. 4 Sheung the co-operation of the people be secured. however theoretically perfect our Sanitary either European or Chinese me 'ical men, the Fung Lane, where several cases of plague had With proper facilities afforded, I am of op nion machinery, we were not controlling the epidemic, services of the Tung Wa Hospital doctor being arisen, that no bacilli were found Again, after that, while in Hongkong, as elsewhere, the which in this year as in all that had gone before given gratuitously, while outside practitioners the death of the two boys who lived on the residaum might be difficult to deal with at first, was running precisely the same course as in were engaged by the people on the Chinese first floor of 100 Second Street, bugs were pro. the difficulties are not insurmountable, and Canton and the coast ports: appearing increas principle of "no cure, no fee," the bonorarium cured from the first floor and from the ground practical co-operation might be secured by en pre-ing, culminating, and disappearing, at the same in case of recovery being about twenty-five floor. Dr. Hunter reported that in the two listing the sympathies and services of the large time. To those who know how Chinese houses dollars. I may add that Dr. Atkinson obtained bugs from the first floor no bacilli were found, class of respectable Chinese in a determined. are constructed it will be apparent that effective the prescriptions of the Chinese practitioner but a number of bugs from the ground floor effort to combat the recurring epidemic, the fumigation is practically unattainable. While who successfully treated one case, of which on were found infected with several plague bacilli.evils of which they fully realize. even if the spraying process, scrubbing, and examination he expressed approval.

During a visit to the Plague Hospital at Ken: Beyond the cleansing of premises there is disinfection of clothing reached externally

13. My object was (1) to endeavour to secure nedy Town. 1 observed a large number of flies no way by which a large number of Chinese every thing in the room, it would not kill the cleanliness of house and rerson, that must in one ward, numbers of which had settled on vermin lying deep in the joints and cracks of in any case be beneficial; (2) to induce the the patients. I directed that a number should. tenement houses can be made sanit ry. Each tables, chairs and settles, or beds. Nor would people to undertake this work themselves; (3) be sent for examination. On the 9th July, Dr. floor of these houses is. A tunnel thateen feet it reach the vermin with which the heads of the to put a stop to the dumping of dead bodies Hunter, reported that the majority of the flies wide, nine feet high and of varying length, poorer classes of coolies are infe td. But by removing the dread of disinfection by the were plague-infected. He reported at the same front and rear, Into a large number of these from titty to sixty fee:, with a window in apart from this, what took place in many cases when a case of plague was discovered was that induce the people to give notice of sickness. in the Central Market contained pesti cantre even diffused light is practically, absent, coolies of the Sanitary Department; (4) to time that several cockroaches caught in a stall Roors direct sunlight never enters, and to the DEVELOPING and PRINTING.

before the constable could arrive to take charge Inspector Gidley's reperi (Appendix A.) will On the 1st June it was reported that fowls from It will be observed that on receipt of inform of the house, goods liable to injury by disinfee show how far these effort have been successful, the Western Market were found to have died When to these condil ong is added a surface- UNDERTAKEN for AMATEURS. ation of the death of a person a policenian is tion were removed, by the door, or if too late for it will be observed that in cases where death of plague, and as the proter classes of Chinese population, so dense as it is in our congested at once placed in charge of the house, and all this, were taken on to the roof, always easily had occurred the people destroyed or disin sat the entrails of fowl with their rice in a semi-districts-being in ons district over 900 persans GOOD WORK.

the inmates found therein are detained until accessible, and deposited in some neighbouring fected bed and clothing of deceased, cleaned cooked state, a notice was issued that such to the acre it will be recognited that a pour their clothes are disinfected. This detention house.

the house and remained. In cases of illness fod if not thoroughly cooked, was dangerous may be for 24 hours; but in many cases it may 7. The question then presented itself whether we at first removed the inmates, who in case On examining specimens of various foods be for 48 hours, as if the body is removed to the passive resistance of the populationi to dis of the death of, the patient returned to the expored for sale, Dr. Hunter has since fund

The only remedy for this is the reno the mortuary after the Government officer en-infection might not be overcome and whether house as soon as it had been cleansed. In no the B. pestis in inferior rice. I have suggested struction of Chinese tenement houses on im

eft for the day, no report can be received until necessity for it, their attitude might fint be these contacts" after the ordinary period of quitoes which fed on plague patients contain pro-isions of the Public Health and Buildings gaged in examination of bodies received has if the Chinese could be brought to realize the case was there any plague developed among to Dr. Thomson to find by experiment if mos proved plans, and the rigid observance ¿f the after the examination of the bodies next day. entirely changed. The East finds great diffi- incubathin; for instance in five cases uccurring bacilli, and several have been examined by Ordinance in relation to ove crowding. The The house is then disinfected by scrubbing the culty in seeing eye to eye with the West. But among thesinmates of 4 Sheung Fung Lane Dr Hunter with negative results. The exami

removal and reconstruction of Chinese tene furniture and spraying, the walls, while the the Chinese are a reasonable people; they are. they were all developed within five days of the nation'is, however, being continued mement houses, will be very costly and will clothing is sent to the Disinfecting Station. accustomed to have Government orders ex- date of the first seizure reported. "The return 20. We.bave from Professor Simpson's report necess wily be a slow process, but it must be The Medical Officer of Health mentions two plained to them, and even Imperial edicts of cases autched to Inspector Gidley's report evidence that pigs, calves, sheep, monkeys, ficed if we desire to prevent the devitalising of hours as the time in which the clothing may always contain the reason for their issue, as show hat in 3 case: apart from those reported geese, ducks, turkeys, hens, Pigeons and rats the working population, torriichen/ point that be expected to be returned. I have visited the our own laws down to a late period embodied dead, were reported at once,

are susceptible to plague, which may be con- they fail ready victims to the invasion of every Disinfecting Station and seen the process car- the reason for the act in the preamble. I deteri g after one day's illness,

tracted by food or by inoculation direct, or b passing disease ried out. Bedding, clothing, and other belong-mided to make the attempt, feeling it my

means of suciorial insects. To this list the 25. I attach, in: Appendix, I, an ings, shoes, umbrellas, &c., &c., are placed in duty to exercise directly any personal influence

examination mentioned above adds bug report just received from the large cradles and run into the disinfector on a that might possess to assuage the growing

spiders, flies and cockroaches. I may add that Bacteriologist-relating to the question of exter small tramway. It takes on an averave one feeling of antagonisin to the Sanitary Authori-3

quails kept in the market for sale were also minating plague bacilli in vermind hour to disinfect each charge, which can hardly ties and induce the people to take upon them-

found to be infected. In paragraph 22, page 100,This experiment shows that the mere whsh- comprise more than the contents of a floor, but selves the active participation in the work of

Professor Simpson points out that domestic ing of furniture with a solution of leyes' Fluid when the spidemic is at its height, with possi- sanitation. Napaka litera bly the contents of twenty to thirty houses to be

animals suffer from chronic plague and our the vermin that infest miser that this is probably one of the bridges will not destroy disinfected it will be seen that the estimate of the

by which the interval of the attracks in man issue HENREZA, BA time that elapses before the return of the cloth-

connectek I have far a considerable time been deve

Gov ing is much under the mark. In the meantime

of opinion that man is himself subject to chronic Government House, the inmates of the houses are perforce idle, and

plague, which may either pass away after a HE. Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer

17A, QUEEN'S ROAD.

FURNITURE they have discarded their infected clothing Point where rats arrived in parcels and were

DEALERS.

DRAWING-ROOM,

DINING-ROOM,

and BED-ROOM

ELECTRO-PLATED,

GLASS, and

FURNITURE.

C.IINA WARES.

PASTEUR'S MICROBE-PROOF

FILTERS,

ROCHESTER LAMPS,

WHITE TURKISH TOWELS.

COUNTERPANES.

COOKING RANGES,

KITCHEN UTENSILS, and

HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES.

the house to ascertain how many persons are detained there.

He then procures, either from the matshed at Praya East or from the Disinfecting Station; as many suits of Government clothing as are needed for the persons so detained, and having thus provided these persons with clothing he removes their own clothing, bed- ding, curtains, and carpets, to the Steam Disinfecting Station, the clothing being tied up in sheets dipped in a solution of Jeyes fluid and conveyed through the streets in baskets; persons who are able to obtain new or clean clothing from some uninfected premises are however not detained after

and handed it to the Inspector for disin fection. New goods; silk clothing which has not been recently worn, furs and lea ther goods are not removed to the Steam Disinfector, but

must as a general rule remain on the premises until they have been fumigated. When the clothing, etc. is returned (in the course of some two hours) from the Disinfecting Station, the persons who have been detained are Jequired to put on their own clothing and must then leave the premises for some 5 or 6 hours while it is disinfected and cleansed. The Government clothing is returned to the Disinfecting Station to be steamed before it is again used. The people so displaced from their homes are at liberty to make use of the Board's matshed shelters until the processes of disinfection of the mises are complete.

The disinfection of the premises consists in the spraying of the walls with a solution perchloride of mercury (in 1,000) or fumi- gation with free chlorine, obtained by the addition of diluted sulphuric acid to chlo rinated line (1 quart of a 1 in 8 solution of the acid to each . of the chlorinated lime), PHOTOGRAPHIC Floors and furniture are then scrubbed with solution of Jeyes' fluid and the walls DEPARTMENT.

then lime-washed, chlorinated lime being added in the lime-wash in the pro- portion of th, to the gallon."

PROMPT RETURN.

Hongkong, 8th July, 1902.

CARMICHAEL

CLARKE,

[728d

AND

CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND

SHIPBUILDERS, ......... SURVEYORS AND CONTRACTORS.

REPAIRS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO

TELEGRAMS: "Carmichael," Hongkong.

A. B. C. Code, 4th Edition.

A. I Code

Lieber's Standard Code.

TELEPONE, 212)

** Hongkong, z0th March, 1903.

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