1903-07-18 — Page 8

4

SC. FARNHAM, BOYD Ô CÒ, LĐ

Report of the Board of Directors presented ut the, third annual general meeting, bold at the head office,, J4. Bradway, Shanghai, an

16th inst

To the shareholders of

5. C. Farnham, Boyd & Co., Ld. Gentlemen, he directors have pleasure in submitting to you their report, with statement of accounts made up to the 30th April lasi, which they trust will prove satisfactory to you. The net profits, including the amount brought forward from last year and after paying all

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1903.

NAVAL PROMOTIONS.

The following.are the naval promotions gazetted on the 30th June as telegraphed to Vice-Admiral Sir Cyprian Bridge, commanding

on the China station.

to the North-China Daily News bot it never reached its destination, and to l'am unable to give the full ficts as I had learned them at the time. However, some of the main facts are known to us all...

charges and allowing for all known liabilities, China Adrain G. Allgood. Chares B' Mill:r sincere love for his people. He surprised his in heart, and are equally anxious to obtain thousand. Manches in Peking were ordered to the intolerance which has been exhibited in

amount to Tls 971,124.22.

After allowing fur an interim dividend of 7 % on 55,200 shares pad in December of last year, wich absorbed. Tis. 386,405.00, there remains for distribution the sum of Tls. 584,724.21. With this amount directors propose to deal as follows :--

A final dividend of Tis, 8 per

shire

.

... 15.

Add to reserve fund Amount to be carried to new,

account

*

in fact these men are the only permanent staff (9) On September the 11th, 1901, the Three the work is regarded as full of promise,, Other of the Boards, and without their help the issued an Order that regulations be drawn up huis have been started in other Provincial, business of the Boards could not be carried for military academies and that such academies capitals, and in many of the large cities of, the out satisfactorily. As to sweeping away the be started in every province, that the country Empire. Of course the instruction, is neces abuses of the Boarde, I would conclude that may depend on our armies to defend our sarily elementary, but there is a growing de The Emperor was tired of his old and back there is as much abuse to-day as there ever hearths and homes, as if surrounded by a strong mand for Western Education, and there is no To be Captains :-Commanders Cland A. W.

ward advisers, and was eager to break away was. As to giving up past precedents and old wall." The next day an Edict was issued strong official opposition standing in the way. Hamilton (cöminanding H.M.S., Rotario from the shackles that held bim back. In the regulations, there has been some slight change; relating to the teaching, staff of all military The system as outlined in the regulations John B. Eustace, William O. Pakenham, young men of his own age he found kindred there is not as much slavish adherence to pre-schools. On March the rath of ast year, six approved of by the Board of Government William H. Baker Baker. Cresswell J. Eyrespirits. With their advice he could do some cedent as has characterised the Chinese Gov. months after the previous Edict, an Edict was Affairs, will need many years to be completely. Francis S. Miller, Frans G. Eyre, Arthur C. thing to help save his Empire from ruin, aud crnment in the past.

issued rebuking the Verays and Governors of developed; but it isagreat gain that the Govern Leveson, and Henry F. Oliver.

us make China strong and respected, as Japan (3) On June 3rd, 1901, an Edict was the provinces for delay, in reporting on the ment has decided definitely in favour of To ho Commanders;~Ligutenants Stewart

had become. He had good aims and unex issued ordering that special examinations condition of their provincial armies, and for Western Education, with so little opposition Evelyn Forster, Ernest C. Hardy (commanding weak figure-head, he suddenly displayed who sought offici | preferment.

pected determination. Instead of being a be armaged for officials in the Provinces, delay in establishing military schools. On De either from the officials or from the literati. 1.M.Sauerwitch on surveying, service in

The Edict cember 7th of last year, this matter of military The unwillingness to utilise foreign in- thoughtfulness, seriousness, resolution, and a added, We, mother and son, are united drill was applied to the Manchus, and three struc.ors, or to give them authority, as well as .M.S. Talbot), Percy W. Rimington. Craw cabinet, the whole nation, and the whole world. able and good mea to assist in the reformation be selected for studying under Viceroy Yuan the question of ceremonies, may be dishearten- ford Mrclachlan, William D. Church. Afred How far the rush of reforming edicts came C. Sykes. Alexander P. Davidson. John Luce,

of the country." On July 2nd, another Edit Shih-kai, in the military academy at Tientsin. ing but with the growing demand for educa Thomas L. Shelford (Senior Lieutenant

from his own brain or from the enthusiasm of appeared that such examinations be held to

On December 13th, also of last year, Vice- tion, it will be found that the supply will only H. M. A ship Glory). John D, Edwards

of his young advisers, we can hardly say. select good men for office; and on July 9th, toys and Governors were ordered to select be met by a larger number of instructors froni (Gunnery Lieutenant H. M. flagship Glory.)

Reform was certainly "coming," at least so far the provincial authorities were directed to carry

their most promising officers in the army, and abroad. Raymond A. Nugeot, Henry A. Adains,

as pen could make it "boom." He was sitting the inatter out thoroughly. These special ex

send them 10 Tientsin or Wachang learn in his Chariot of State, holding with loose reins 441,500.00 Francis W. Caulfeild, Edward L. Booty, Eus

aminations have only been adopted in a few the system of drill, so that afterwards similar of reform was again initiated. In the Edict of (a) On September 17th, 1901, another kind 100,000.00 tace La T. Leatham, George H. Baird, Wilfrid

the young colt, and lashing it. The Empress Provinces, by Viceroy Yuan Shih-kai in the military academies could be started in all the that day, the Viceroys and Governors were Henderson, Reginald F. Parker, Wilmot S.

Dowager, sitting behind and seeing the dan Province of Chihli, by Governor Chou Fu. in provinces for training a large army. It is cer directed to send students abroad to be educated 43,124.22 Wilkinson, Thomas P. Bonham, Anbtey Clureer of overturning the chariot, seized the reins. the Province of Shantung, by the Viceroytain that the Government lays the greatest with provision I promotion on their return.

Hugh Smith, Arthur G. Smith, Stewart A.

threw away the lash, and told the young man to take the back seat and keep quiet.

Chang Chib-tang, and, perhaps in an unim stress on this matter, but no large number of A year later, a similar Edict was issued, and TIs. 584.724.22 Terry-Ayscough, Ernest 5. Carey, Murray F

portant way in a few of the other provinces. either Maneus or Chinese scom to be anxious Mr. Jas. Johnston has retired from the Direc- Sueter, George B. Powell (formerly command- The most important refetin of that period The examinations have generally consisted of

this has been widely observed, especially by related to education. There were cight items writing essays on historical and political does not stand as high in China as it doen in

in enter the army. Military service, as yet, the Yangtze Viceroys. Most of the students torate, and Mr. Jas. R. Twentyman is at presenting ... Kinska on the Upper Yangtze).

First: A National University. at, honie on a well-earned holiday.

themes. While not much has been accom.

have gone to Japan, but there is an inclination lie West or in Japan. This may indeert be a Second: Colleges and schools for Western plished in this way thus far, there is no reason

to still have a select few who w study in fortunate thing for the peace of the world. learning, and the transforming of the temples why this syslem of examination should not

Europe and America. What is most potice and the Confucian colleges into such schools.

(0) Turning to another feature of reform,able is the change that has conie over the senti- develop with the grow h of education, until in an Edict was issued on September the rith, Thint: Sending Chinese.students abroad to

ment of the Manchus, Sons of the nobles are. time there shall be a regular system of civil 1995, exhorting honesty among all oficials and be edurated.

ether going abroad to travel or going for the vinces. service examination throughout all the Pro- forbidding the sale of official rank, or of offices. This idea stands at the very basis of all true

purpose of study. In fact it is quite a fad with the young nobility to get out of Peking, and to reformation. such, is not now open for sale as before, yet

But while official rank, as sce something of the world. the use of money in securing office is even more indispensable, than it was former- Since the Court returned to Peking, avarice, bribery.or 10 speak politely, the giving of gift has, we might say, been rampant of China almost drives away the hope that all in Peking, This feature of the politics other reforms combine. have been able to conclude that China stands a chance of arouse Looking at other things, one might advancing, but looking at the corraption that exists, with its air of res eclability, one almost loses heart for the future of China. It is moral penditure, honesty in administration, patriotism, stamina, simplicity in living, economy in ex- and a conscience, that China needs more than anything cise.

In accordance with 3 98 of the memorandum and articles of association, one of the dire lors, Mr. D. Cranston, retires, but being eligible, offers himself for re-election.

The accounts have been audited by Messrs. Gen D. Scott and J. D. Thorburn, who retire, but being eligible, offer themselves for re-

election.

PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. 1992, December 22nd. To 7% interim dividend on 55,200

shares ...

1993. April 30th.

To balance...

114

Taels...

To be Lieutenants:-Sub-Lieutenants Stc- 1. Law, John A. S. Blackwood, Frederick I wart D. Blaia (11. M. flagship Glory). Colin E. A. Bonthly (M.S. Bramble). Robert C. Davenport (H.M.S. Amphitrite). Henry Leigh (H.M.S. Argonut).-N. C. D. Now

METHODS OF REFORM IN CHINA AND THEIR NET RESOLIS.

(Being a paper read before the Shanghai Missionary Association on the 5th of May.)

„UV DR, GILBERT REID,

Reform in China has been talked about se

Tis.

...356,400,00

584.704.22

971,124.22

much that many are alrendy tired of it: and 65,150.30 yet, the one important consideration in secure ing the preservation of the Chinese Govern By transfer from working account...916,073.92ment, and of guaranteeing the proper relations with Foreign Powers, is that which relates to ...971,124.22 the real reform of the whole political system of China, and, as essential to this, of individual

1901. May 1st,

By balance carried forward

1903. April 30th.

J

Taels... BALANCE SHEET. Capital Account.

1903, April 30th.

To old dock

"Old dock,"

Tls.

TIs,

property with boilers, pumps,

moorings, shear legs, launching ways, capstans, etc., 16m, 51 21. 3h. 670,000,00 Office building, godowns, ma. chine shops, and dwelling houses, including ground, 3m. 761, 4h... Cosmopolitan Dock:

Cosmopolitan Dock" properly, with pumphouse, pumps, boi ler, etc, including ground, 45m. 26. 11. 7............ Land, including bunding, wharves, and wall, 107m. 5. 81. 6. Machine shops, godowns, office

and dwelling houses

108 Chinese houses, including

ground 9m. 5f, ol. 8h

To International Dock:

"International Dock," wharves

and bunding

Land 125m. 8f. ti. 3h...

Buildings......

Tunkadoo Dock:

110,850.00

Chinese.

Very few have stopped to consider the difficulties which stand in the way of reform measures, The very antiquity of China, reaching far back beyond the beginnings of any other nation of Europe or America, and even in those early days, possessing a remark- able civilisation, with well-formed systems of learning, ethics, religion, and politics, induces the Chinese, who are educated according to the old methioris, to be not only conservative, but slow to accept thearies from abroad. The fact that the present ruling dynasty is regarded by the Chinese as foreign, thoughi equally re- presentative of the Mongolian race of the whole Empire, has served to restrain Manchu officials, and the Imperial family, from all startling innovations, out of fear of injury to their own supremacy. The aggressive ness of outside. nations has burdened the already perplexed Rulers of China with conflicting threats and bewildering com. plications, and has aroused in the Chinese. a suspicion of the foreigners' motives, and $80,000.00 antipathy to foreign ideas. Is it any wonder, 99.479.00 then, that China has been slow to reform? Do 78,569.00 the critics of China appreciate the magnitude of the task which, with academic precision, they mark out?

554,000 00 9.1,000.00

102,300 00

29,000,00

Tunkadoo Dock," properly with buildings, boilers, pumps, shear legs, etc, 35m. 66. 91. jh. 178,503.co

New Dock:

New Dock," property with buildings, boilers, pumps, shear legs, etc., 48m. f. 91. 2h. Engine works, Pontung: Property with buildings, shear

legs and railway, 54m. 31. 11.8h.

671,485.00

365,014.00

1,094,636.82

" Sundries:

Machinery and tools at five docks

and engine works........... S.S. Munchen, Columbia, and Samshut, Barque Elizabeth Nicholson, 2 steamers, laun ches, piledrivers, pontoons, steam dredgers, shear legs, dock plant, office and drawing office material, and furniture... 674,733-26 Shares in public companies

14,608.34. Stock of material on hand, and

unfinished work, less liabilities 1,546,125.85 Sundry.debtors

842,712-15 Cash in hand

1,860.43 Tls............. 7,698,966.85

Tis.

£. & 0.5. Shanghai, 30th June, 1903. JOHN PRENTICE,

H. v. RÜCKER,

S. GROUNDWATER, DAVID CRANSTON, Jas..H. Osborne, Secretary.

Directms.

As a race the Chinese are strikingly con- servative. They are slow, patient, plodding, steadfast, and solid. The literati, and the man- darins, who as a rule have been chosen (rom the literati, have been until very lately, through their training in the old learning in the Con fucian Classics, the highest exponents of con servatism. This conservatism is a form of patriotism, and is not, as some think, utterly reprehensible. But the persistent and ever- widening contact with foreign nations hes tended to impress the Chinese mind with what is new, if not always with what is best, Look- ing back through past years we can detect a re- form movement in China, and I think we must conclude that the movement, in spite of all difficulties, has been a forward one.

Fourth Change in the system of literary examinations whereby the Wen Chang should be given up and the T'se and Lün, or thesis, should be adopted.

Fifth: Special examinations to test the excellence of the Chinese for official preferment: Sixth: Special examinations in military

malters.

Seventh: Change in military dr II by the wider adoption of Western methods of military tactics and use of Western atms.

Eighth The Translation Bureau and an

Official Magazine in Peking. After the coup d'diat, all these reforms of education were dis- carded except that relating to the Teking University and the change in military drill.

A second class of reforms related to retrench sent and especially getting rid of many useless offices and officials. This purpose, however desirable, failed to be practicable.

A third class of reforms related to material development. A Kailway Mruing Bureau, and- also a Bureau of Commerce and Agriculture, were ordered to be establ s'ed. This order became a dead letter after the coup d'etat.

A fourth class of reforms provided facilities for smaller oficial and of people to make known their wishes direct to the Emperor. The change proved to be only sporadic.

Keform remained silent, though it was not dead, from September 1898 until the Court with its reactionaries h fled away in the autumn of 1900 to the Western Capital, and fund i self compelled to make terms of peace with the combined Western Powers whom it had outraged and enraged.

(4.) On the same day as the previous Edict, June 3rd, another Edict was also issued to all the high Provincial Authori ties to abolish unnecessary secretaries for the regular officials to personally and and followers in the Provincial yamêns, and faithfully conduct their official business. So captice of each individual official, and as a rule far as we know, this order has been left to the

the crowds of hangers-on at the yamêns, with ished. We noticed the other day that Governor their red-tasselled hats, have not been dimin

began to clear out the useless attendants on Chao, in assuming his new post in Hunnn, pected with the Governor's yamén, but I fancy to take the place of those who have been dis that in a short time new attendants will appear, missed. Now and then in the past, without any Special Edic, there have been Governors who have really believed in the honest and economi- the exception. Nothing, however, is more cal administration of office, but such have been

necessary than that one who has nothing to do is always these hangers-on who nourish bribery: should not be connected with any yamên. It

every yamen to be looked upon by the Chinese extortion and all torms of knavery, causing people as a tiger's den.

A fifth class of reforms sought to restrict the reforms of the older and conservative officials.

(5) On June the si, cot, and Edict appear The Emperor denounced the obstructionists, rd, approving of the memorial from Sun Chia- and the obstructionists proceeded to denounce

nai, one of the older and more pure-minded the Emperor.

officials at the Capital, and a former tulot of Other things were talked of such as a Parlia-the Emperor. He himself, though holding the ment, a new arrangement of the Boards, a new highest literary rank, proposed that all members Cabinet, some form of a Republic and even a

of the Hanlin College shou d devote them- change of costume. The really dangerous cle

selves to practical matters and studies, such as ment was intrigue against the Empress Dowager. history, politics, and even the sciences, rather In fact Reform was overthrown through the

than spend their time in merely writing poetry intrigef the reformers,

and old-fashioned essays. This was really a remarkable proposal from such a man, supposed in represent the old-fashioned school, though patriotic in spirit and inclined to the adoption of improvements in administering the present Government. This proposal was ordere: to be carried into effect, but up to the present nothing has been done except in so far as a few dencies, have, of their own accord, begun the stu- members of the Hanlin with progressive ten- dy of new branches of learning. Nevertheless, it may be possible for this prop seal to be carried eut in such a way through courses of reading literary excellencies of the Empire shall be fu and lectures, that men standing highest in the ther equipped, by additional training, for public positions. Instead of ignoring the Hanlin College. I personally should like to see that College unned into a kind of. Collège de France, with instruction given, at least, in branches of politics and history. This matter I will refer to later on in connection with the Imperial University in Peking.

(6) On July 5th, 1çer, an Edict was issued, calling on all the Chinese Ministers abroad to select capable Chinese who had been studying in other countries, and to send them back to help the Government, their expenses to be borne by the Government. It may be safely said that in the present régime, young men who have studied abroad, are looked upon with more favour than at any time during the past the previous and the present Ministers to not excepting the Reform period of 1898. Both Washington have studied abroad. The present Customs Taniaî at Tientsin, the right-hand man of Yuan Shih-kai, also studied for several years in the States. There; have not been many of such to attain a high position, but the attitude of the Government toward them is much more. generous than before,.

III.

then

Very few of the Chinese students who have gone abroad have shown the diligence and thoroughness that the Japanese have always shown in their search for knowledge in other lands. Still, a great deal is being learned and we are glad to believe that their is an improve- ment.

IV.

Edict was issued, abolishing the old prohibition (13.) In February of last year, a startling of intermarsinge of the Manchus and Chinese, and exhorting the Chinese everywhere to give up the practice of foot-binding. This Edict of custom is helped forward by the known was not issued as a command, but the change wishes of the Imperial family.

(14) March th of last year, an Edict was issued, stating the desirability of embodying in the Chinese laws moden laws adopted from abroad; and the Chinese. Ministers to foreign Courts were ered to collect books on laws

Chih-tog, and Yuan Shih-k'ai-were also The three Viceroys-Liu Kuo-yi, Chang relating to mines, railways, and commerce.

to help in the translation of such books.: On ordered to select men to be sent to Peking. May 13th Shen Chia-pen, a Vice-President of the Board of Punishments, and u hington, were ordered to draw up a digest of Ting-fang, who was, then Minister in Was- laws such as could be included in the Chinese legal system. I know it is the intention of His Excellency We to go on with this matter; but I think it very plain to us all, that such a task requires the help of many legal experts, who at the same time are not radical, and do not fail existing in China and adapted to the Chinese. to appreciate the character of the laws already

measures, we at last come down to an Edict of

(15) In the development of these reform a few days ago, April the sand, when on the recommendation of Prince Ching, just appoint ed to be head of the Cabinet, he and another member of the Cabinet, Ch'ü Hung-chi, with the Board of Revenue, were empowered to make by establishing in Peking the chief mint where arrangements for a uniform coinage in China; such coins should be struck off, and which should take the place of the coins in other

should be prepared, all taxes and duties are mints with their different standards. As soon as a sufficient number of this uniform currency ordered to be paid by the use of such coins. IF this is carried out, one of the points in the British Commercial Treaty will have been observed.

(11.) In the course of events, we now come to another element of reform. On September

Western learning, and a University was order was ordered to be turned into a schinol for 14th, 1951, every Shuyuen of Confucian College

Nearly a month later, on October rch, another ed to be established in every Provincial Capital

Edic relating to this matter was issued. It ordered that a graded system of schools be established from the trough the Prefectural cities down to the Provincial capital. District cities, and finally to a system. of Primary chouls. It was ordered that the Board of Government Affairs and the Board of Kites draw up suitable regulations. On November 25th, on receipt of a memorial from the Board of Government Affairs, and a femorial from Yuan Shih-kai, the Governor of Shantung, schools were ordered to be established speedily, and the plan of Governor Yuan was approved of, namely, first, to have a Provincial College, and then to have schools in the Prefectural and District cities. The regulations which Governor Yuan had drawn up were ordered to be followed in every province. On December 5th, on the Government Affairs, wherein the regulations receipt of another memorial from the Board of drawn up by Yuan Shih-k'ai had been in the main sanctioned, it was further reiteration that each Province in- now ordered with

Edict then added that successful students augurate the system of graded schools. The from the Provincial Colleges shoud be sent up to the Imperial University, at Peking to be examined, when the second and third degrees would be granted,. after which the successful ones would be given official maak. Later on, (16.). In connection with these different rex in February of last year, approval was given to the regulations drawn up for the University at

forms commanded by the Throne, we ought not to omit a reference to a really very import Peking, by the Chancellor Chang Pai-lisi, and ant reform in the social life of the Court and each province was ordered to send contribu-the high officials on the one side, and the re- tions for the support of the Imperial Univer-presentative families from abroad on the other sily. The same month it was ordered that side. Those only who have known from per- school for Western learning be started for the sonal experience the obstacles that bave stood Manchus The next month another order was in the way of such friendly relations in the issued to the provinces inquiring what schools past, of the suspicion an l'espionage that have had been started, and calling of the Viceroys prevailed, can appreciate the importance of the and Governors to report thereon. Towards change, in spirit and in "practice, among the the end of last year, on December 1st, an Edict highest in the land. Considering the character of M.A., but these with the Doctor's degree, sonages, who are now receiving with open arms. was issued that not only men with a degree, and the past conduct of some of the high per and those even who were in the Hanlin, should the ladies and gentlemen, with their childem. take acourseafstudy at the Imperial University. of our home lands, we may with reason be dis- after which Diplomas would be given them, satisfied, and even disgusted, but none the less. enticing them to cater the ranks of expectants we should not close our eyes to the significance. of office.

of the change that has thus taken place, since: the return of the Court to Peking. We have.. always argued that impr ved social relations, between the East and the West are the found- ation of mutual understanding and mutual- present social situation in Peking. peace. I believe, that this is equally so in the

This statement shows that the greatest emphasis has been placed, upon Educational Hef rm, the main points of which are first, that there should be a graded system of Education al Institutions cu minating in the University at Peking; second, that those possessing literary degrees should also enter upon a course of study at these Institutions; and, third, that men with Diplomas from the Imperial University will secure literary degrees, and will be entitled

to enter on official service.

We have now given the outline of the re-. Dowager. A few things should be noted in, forms of the present régime of the Empress characterising these reforms:

We now come to the more interesting but more difficult, task of examining the character of the reforms which have emanated the last two years and more from the Empress Dowager and her advisers. It will be noted that many of the reforms which the Emperor advocated, and wh co the Empress-Dowager rescinded, have since been promulgated by the Empress Dowager. Whatever may have been the reason, it may be regarded as something of victory for reform, that the Empress Dowager, the real Sovereign of China at the present time, has been won over, willingly or unwillingly, to order that those things shall be done, which the radical spirit of the Emperor espoused with such enthusiasm five years ago. The reform edicts which have been issued, It is not our purpose to go minately into all whether in the naine of the Emperor or of the the efforts after reform, or into all definite Empress-Dowager, but really expressing the reform measures, but especially to examine sentiment of the Empress-Dowager, may be the reform movement since the great anti-treated of in two ways according to the reform Boxer upheaval of 1900.

chronological, or according to the logical, order But reform at the present time cannot be ap-of certain definite principles. In our examina. preciated without knowing something of past tion of the subject, we propose to make use of efforts after reform and their results. To both these methods, as the clearest way to begin with, the spirit of reform was being show the trend: of events, and to test the real LIABILITIES.

cultivated, first, by diplomatic relations in Pek- results of well-warded memorials and edicts, 30th April, 1903.

ing, and consular relations at the ports, and N. C. D. News, By shareholders for 55,200 shares

then through the growing influence of the of Tis. 100 fully paid up....................... 5,520,000.00 foreign staff in the Customs service. The men Reserve fund....................................

750,000.00 who have been connected with that service (1) Early in the year 1900, a Decree was Uncollected dividends........... 8,331.00 have not only represented the best training of issued to the Viceroys and Governors of all the Sundry creditors

835.911.63 the West, but they have, with a large degree of Provinces, calling for suggestions as to the best ,,Balance from profit and loss

unanimity, sustained true friendliness with the methods of reforms to be carried out, when account...

584,714.22 Chinese officials, and have understand the

(7) On August 29th, 1901, appeared a lengthy peace should be concluded with the foreign Chinese character and the reason for the con-

Powers. In less than three months, the Court and very important Edict, bearing on the local, Tls, 7,698,966.85 | servative spirit of the vast body of Chinese. at Isianfu had received so many replies with provincial, and national literary examination.

Well-trained missionaries scattered throughout such a variety of suggestions, many of them

It abolishes once and forever the essay style the provinces, and frequently coming in con- conflicting,, that it was found necessary to or

of the Ming Dynasty, called the pah-ku-wen tact with the officials and literati, have also ganise a new. Official Department, to deal change, and orders in its place essays accord exerted a salient influence in favour of progres-especially with all propositions of reform, and ing to the forms of the Lun or the T'se, first on siveness and the adoption of new ideas and

to be called the Ministry of Government Affairs,

Chinese Government and History, second, on new methods.

or inaptly called, the Board of Regency. This

Western Science and Government, and, third,

'First: Most of these reforms are similar, in... What is the net result of these Edicts on Some of the literature that has been prepared Board is still in existence, but as it really con-

on the four Books a d the five Classics, In

character, and oftentimes in language, to the has prepared the way for reform policies, and sists of the leading officials who are in the

the last triennial examination it would be University, owing to failure to recognise ex-

Educational Reform? As to the Imperial reforms promulgated by the Emperor in.1898, has provided the necessary data for making Cabinet, or who are prominent Viceroys, it

seen that the value of this ref rm de.

It is a striking fact that though it is understood those policies sound and effective In, the old

pended largely on the examiners, If an

perienced educationists from the West, and an. Departments of the Government. There have ledge of Western branches, an well as have accomplished. Two hundred students were Seems to occupy an insignificant place in the

that there is still disagreement between the inclination a secure the services, only of the Emperor and the Empress. Dowager, and examiner could possibly have a know-

Japanese, little tborough work has been though the Edicts of the Emperor at first were however, been presented by that body to the

countermanded by, the Empress Dowagery. Throne a few important memorials, which may a proficiency The Chinese language reported as being enrolled in the Normal there is, at last, this agreement in the reforms be said to represent the prevailing ruling senti would be thorough. But this only is a sup been little more than a primary school. There of the present régime were promulgated prior

an examination according to the new method. Department, but the. Normal Department lias of both. Second: Most of the reform Edicts. Among the most important suggestions that position at pres nt. Neither the examiners, have been made by the provincial authorities, nor a large part of the scholars to be ex-official class, to enter on the course of the so-

were only fifty, students onrolled from the to the return of the Court to Peking, for thes the combined memorial of Viceroys Liu amined, have any wide knowledge of other called Official de,artiment. The result has

inost part, extending from June to November K'un-yi and Chang Chih-tung stands supreme; than their own Classics and their own history. heen unsatisfactory, but it is to be hoped that with good reason that the reform measures. of 191. From this fact, it may be surmised t it is, in fact, a comprehensive treatise on Still, the evil method of the Wen-chang, which after further, experience, a real University were a politic move, rather than the outcom reform worthy to take its place alongside hampers the free development and expression may in time be developed from the present of sincere conviction and an awakened-con- of Viceroy Chang Chih-tung's book Learn of thought, has been abolished.. The way is small beginnings, in the capital of the Empire science: But even so, we should rejcice that Viceroy Yuan Shib-kal has also presented now open for young men with the new learn. As to Provincial Colleges, the only ones with important memorials which have carried greating, along with a proper training in Chinese

a beginning is made in reform, and that late Viceroy at Canton, Tao. Mu, have also There has been, a talk of abolishing the started was in the Province of Shantung under weight. Several memorials presented by the literary excellence, 10 secure degrees with degree of mist are those where foreign apparently the Throne gives its countenance in tructors have been invited to take the lead to reform. Third: It is a striking fact that contained worthy suggestions, but as some of whole system of literary examinations and the auspices of the then Governor Yuan no means friendly toward foreigners, have

the promise ultimately of official service,

There are only three of these. The first one- these reforms have been promulgated; whilst

men with conservative tendencies, and by. them were not equally pleasing to the Court, of having the degrees given by a graded Shih-kai, towards the end of 193 Dr. Waheen the advisors of the Throne. If reforms they have been ignored or rejected.

(2.) On May 28th, in the same year, a long system of educational institutions. To my llecree was issued, ordering that the six mind, the pre et system, should not be resign tion. Professor Gondcell, formerly in the roundings, what may we expect when pro-- tin Hayes was the President, and since his have been thus initiated amid conservative sure Boards sweep away their abuses and extortions, abolished, until the system of such graded Public School in Shanghai, has been engaged gressive men are at the head ofsffairs. Fourth and do away with the bondage of precedents institutions has been well established. and ancient regulations, and to conduct, the

as instructor in English: There are, I believe, It is hard to believe that no reform has been various business of State as may seem best another Edict was issued. relating to the College seems to be a permanency. In the Court has been merely trying to "throw dust in (8) On the same day of the previous Edicti one hunderd and thirty students enrolled. The intended, for one, do not believe that the under the circumstances that the work of the Boards should be-con-this Edie, not only the old method of testing vincial Colleges, both under the auspices of until the coup d'état of 1898, was generally It was also ordered military examaation for military degree By Province of Chikli, there are really two pro- the eyes of foreigners. The Empress Dowager, ducted by those who are called secretaries, and military proficiency, by mere feats of muscular Yuan Shih-kai, the present acting Viceroy regarded as rather progressive and open-minded not by linse who are called clerks, lower in strength was abolished but, in fact, the whole the one College is at Paotingft, with over one rank than the secretaries, but having really system of securing military degrees was alsan hundred in at ndance. the other is at the experience of 19.0, she has more than ever in her temperament and public policy,,Since pussessed the greatest power. These clerks baye doned Competitors for such degrees were now Tientsin, with nearly nɛe hundred students, Reform Club were started in Paking and generally kept the records at their own houses, ordered to join some army corps, or else to Both of these, are under the direction Edict that appeared October and, 1900, it was

shown this to be the case. In an interesting, other large cities of the Empire Newspapers have been the ones who have known all the pre-study in some military academy. In a subsequ of Dr. Tenney. There are also under bis again stated that the Emperor and the Empress..... and magazines made "Progress" their watch cedents, and whose good will has always been ent Edict of October rath of last year, military direction fifteen prefectural schools, where the Dowager were one at heart and that the adop word Everywhere the spirit of reform was essential, if any business with their superiors graduates of the highest degree were ordered to studies are for the most part elementary. The tion of the Western methods was decessary... growing. What was needed was actual reform was to be carried through successfully, accord study three years in some military scadeiny. College organised at Taiyuanfu, in Shansi, by The Officials and people, the Edict said," Thus things drifted to the memorable year of ing to rule and routine. So far as I knw It seems that while military degrees have been: Dr. Timothy ichno from funds that were."must divest themselves of the belief that the 1898. The reforms of that period I outlined in some of the official posts in the Boards have discarded the former sapirants for such degreesenpart n indemnity for the misajats, has Throne. is not.in cardest for reform, for the a paper which was read before the Peking been given up, while the persons who have do not now aspire to go through all the drill the largest number of Foreign instructors of Empress Dowager is determined to allow no Oriental Society just a month before the filled those posts have generally been given and training of the military academy conducted any Government Institution in China. There ball measure." Let us trust that this will singe of 1900. I sent the paper for publication | position auder other names in the same Board. Da Western methods,

are over two hundred students enrolled and really be found to be true. Fifth :The one great

We hereby certify that we have compared. the foregoing accounts with the general ledger. also the entries in the cash book with the bank pass books and other vouchers, and have found them in conformity therewith. The stock ac- counts we have also found to be in accord with detailed subsidiary books shown us. The securities have also been examined. by us and found in-order.

GEO. D. SCOTT, J. D. THORBURN, Shangbai, 30th June, 1993.

DEATH OF MISS JANET WALDORF.

}

Auditors.

days, Dr. Allen's China and her Neighbours,"

Dr. Faber's." Western Civilisation and Dr. Martin's various treatises on International Law, exerted a great, influence. The Review of the.Timies or Wan Kuo Kung Pao, edited by Dr. Allen, bas done.vast good in the way of, periodical literature, and has month by moath been storehouse of information to the educated Chinese. Later books published by the Diffusion Society such as Dr. Richard's translation of McKenzie's Nineteenth Cen tury," Dr. Allen's great work on the "hina Japan War," and the various essays on reform, have all helped in bringing about advance in the death; from pneumonia, of that popular we omit a reference to the native Press, which, Advices from America bring the sad news of reform as it is found to-day. Neither should young actress, Miss Janet Waldorf, which in spite of many wild notions, has in the main

ccurred in New York.on..Juas. soth. The been favourable to reform in China, deceased lady is well remembered in Hong- The spirit of reform: first became notice kong, as it was only eight months ago today able after the China-Japan War, when the that her talented Company opened a six weeks' { collapse of China as a military and "naval season at the Theatre Royal Her appearance Power, and the sudden display of the strength, on the stage was always a signal for applause, progress, and prowess of the neighbouring and many were the congratulations she received: Empira. of Japan, were flashed forth upon the fromventhusiastic admirers who had the good world. Even the conservative officials at Peking fortune of meeting her. In such plays as began to think that a change might be-neces- Magda, Camille, and Romeo and Juliet she sary. The young Emperor, chagrined at defeat, was seen at her best and always attracted a

began to inquire, to read, to study, The demand large audience. As we stated in criticising for reform was especially noticeable as coning hepacting in the Shakespearian tragedy, she from the younger men among the literati of wa" the personification of all that is sweet in highest rank. girlhood, and her gigantic struggle with the lengthy vols moved every hearer. For pictu- resqueness, for tragic intensity, for variety, and for the peculiar gift of exciting the imagination, all combined, it stands, and is likely to stand, anrivalled by any of her efforts." The deceased lady left Hongkong on the 3rd January for Shanghai and America, reaching San Francisco; which she had left to tour the Orient some four years ago, in the middle of April,

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