To-day's Advertisements.
HONGKONG AND WHAMPOA DOCK
CO., LIMITED.
NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS.
THE
HE ORDINARY YEARLY MEETING of SHAREHOLDERS will be held in the OFFICES of the Company, Queen's Build- ings, New Prayz, on MONDAY, the 25th February, 1900, al 3 o'clock P., for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Directors and the Statement of Accounts to the 31st 'Déceinber, 1899.
The TRANSFER BOOKS of the Company will be CLOSED from the 12th to 26th February, both days inclusive.
By order of the Board of Directors,
THOS. L. ROSE,
Hongkong, 30th January, 1900,
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1900.
Entimation.
REUTER'S TELEGRAMS
A. S. WATSON & CO., General Buller.
LIMITED;
IMPORTERS OF HIGH-CLASS
THE WAR.
LONDON, January 28th. No News.
Further Embodiment of the Militia. The embodiment of the Liecester and Berkshire Militia Battalions and of the Clare
VICTORIA. BEUREATION CLUB.
SMOKING CONCERT 'IN AID OF THE “MISSVA
AND KIDS FUND,
N
A very nice respectable Sunt of $-51.50 has been contributed by the members of the No news whatever has been received from Victoria Recreation Club to the above Fund as the proceeds of the sale of tickets and contributions made during the evening at a concert held last Saturday night, and great praise is due to those who were responsible for its organisation, among whommay be especially mentioned Mr. R. J. Hendey, who was the originator of the proposal to give the concert, Mr. W. Farmer, its stage manager; Mr. Mengens, as business manager: Mr. T. Hughes skill and Mit Listener who, with his usual who kindly presisted at the piano with great untiring energy, looked after the general com fort of both nieinbers and their friends alike.
SHERRIES. Artillery has been ordered.
B-SUPERIOR PALE Day, liner wine, Green Seal Capsule -
P'er [tae.
Cave.
$10.80
Secretary, -
[1276.
(!--MANZANILLA, NATURAL SHERRY, White Capsulo
PALES
12.00
HONGKONG FIRE INSURANCE CO., LIMITED.
NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS.
HE THIRTY FIRST ORDINARY
TANNUAL MEETING of SHARE
HOLDERS in, the above Company, will be held at the OFFICES of the Company, Pedder's Street, on THURSDAY, the 1st day of March, 1900, at 12 o'clock (NOON) to receive a State
ment of Accounts 31st December, 1897, and the Report of the General Managers, and to elect a Consulting Committee and Auditors.
The TRANSFER BOOKS of the Company will be CLOSED from the 19th February to the 1st March, both days incisive.
JARDINE, MATHESON & Co.,.
General Managers.
HONGKONG FIRE INSURANCE
CO., LIMITED.
Hongkong, 30th January, 1900.
(129)
THE PUNJOM MENING COMPANY,.. LIMITED.
TOTICE is hereby given that at a
-Surenior Old Dry, PALE NATURAL, Sпerny, Red Seal Capsule
7-VERY SUPERIOR OLD Pats Day, elwice old wine, White Seal Capsule.
E--Exrga SUPERIOR OLD PALE DRY, very finest quality, Black Seal Capsule – 7 Old) Bottiert
12.00
14.-
20.40
R. (', and 'C' are excellent dinner Wines and suitable for invalids and debate stonnichīs. "Dan"Ewej after-dinner Wines olla very superior
NEET heide vintage. All are true Xeres Wines.
of the Company, held at the Comynoy's Office, No. 9, Praya Central, Victoria, Hongkong, on Monday, the 20th day of January, 1900, the following Resolution was passed :-- That a ĈALL of One Dollar per Share upon all the holders of Ordinary Shares in the above Company in respect of all be Shares held by them in the above Company be and the same is hereby made. Such Calls
the HONGKONG AND SHILANGHAI BANKING
ין
Sample bottles and Smaller quanti- ties will be supplied at proportionate wholesale rates.
Wisonly guarantee our Wines and Spirits to be genuine when bought
GERMANY.
The Nordeutsche Zeitung anges that Count von Buelow received Dr. Leyds, who had come for the celebration of the 'Em- peror's birthday.
L
JAPAN'S NAVY. The new battleship (Japanese) Skikishima sailed for Japan on Saturılay,,
THE WAR.
LATER.
R
By the kind premission of Captain fellicope, of it.M.S. Craturfon, the ship's band was in attendance and gate sume fine patriotic selec tions during the evening. Mr. Muskett recited the Absent-Minded Beggar a collection being made alter and realising $8.50 The programme was very full one, the following gentlemen taking part, and received numerous encares:-Mr. J. H. Osberry; * Fiona' The British Withdraw. and Stars of Normandy; Corporal M. Hart, General Huller, who joined Genetal War Jast a little bit of the top and They never do that to me Mr. Grara, violin solo; Corporal ren's Camp on the 25th instant (morning). ↑ G. Simmers, Sans of England'; Sergeant Vig. deciding that a second attack on Spionkopers, Running up and down our Stairs and
* Isuddenly dawngel would be useless, withdrew the force to the Bentley, "You've got a long we's Mr. R. J. H. way to go'; Mr. W. Muskett, recitations Cup's Race' and The South of the Tugela.
Absen-Minded Beggar': Mr. Van Nierop, Nita Gitana'; Mr. J. M. Lago, guitar solo LOCAL AND GENERAL.
Dedicated to the British Volunteers in South Africa's Mr. McCann, song and duifce; Mr. C. H.M.S. Victorious arrived from the north this Met), Smart, Mandalay : Mr. C. T. Robinson morning,
'Our Stores Sergeant Ward, "Victoria."
The evening concluded with “God Save the
2
We wish our Chinese readers a Bright and | Queen." Prosperous New Year.
TO-MORROW being Chinese New Year's Day,. there will be no issue of The Hongkong Tele- graph: -- On-Thursday--the-porr-will-be-| published at ngon.
THERE will be a return sile match between
the Hongkong Police Force and the Royal Naval Yard to-morrow on the Naval Range it will be remembered that at the last match the Police were victorious.
CRIMINAL LAW AND ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPEMENT.
-LECTURA-BEFORE-THE-OLD-VOLUMAS---
SOCIETY.
BY THE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE.
Yesterday evening a most instructive and inte ing ecture was given by the Hon. W. Meigh Goodman (Acting Chief Justice) on the above subject, in the Chamber of Commerce Rooms, City Hall, before the Odd Vols Society. There was a very fair twillence; His Excellency the Governor, Sir Henry Blake G.C.M.G. took the chair.
The lecture which is rather too long for one.
Having been introduced, with a few appro-
We would remind our readers of the Base Ball Game that is to come off on Thursday, be under the patronage of His Excellency the Governor, His Excellency Sir Edward Seymour
publication will be given in two installments.
HISTORICALLY.
been interrogated at all, and before he made any statement before the Magistrate on the pres liminary enquiry, he would have been cautioned that anything" he said might be given in evidence against him, I am aware that juries are not unknown in some Continental States, and thint trifling offences can be dealt with suminarily by a Magistrate "without a jury under the English system; but I am speaking generally of the differences between the two systemis THE ENGLISH SYSTEM SHOULD BE STUDIED
It is impossible to thoroughly understand the | present English system of criminal law without some knowledge of its past history. You may find out what the law on some particular point writers on the subject. The man of intelligence, is, by reference to elaborate works of text
will, however, want to know why the law is such low came that to be the law? Is it quite satisfactory to the logical mind of a philosopher that the law should be so? Why is it a felony if I steal your purse with a shilling in it, and only misdemeanour if by some inise presence swindle you out of ten thousand pounds? The answer to such questions is that one must study Criminal Law historically. That history is interwoven with the history of England itself. The various races that have settled in England have left their impress an her laws both civil and criminal. The inar of some has been more abiding than that of others. Tut it is a fact that English Criminal Law would not have been exactly what it is to-day had not Saxoris, and Roman ecclesiastics, and Danes and Normans settled, in England and brought with then their respective customary laws and their habits of thought and modes of regarding crime and dealing with criminals.
Just as the intermingling of various races evolved, on English soil, the modern English inan, so the present English Criminal Law has been evolved from the succession of the varied laws and customs of those aces, tested and tried by the experience of many centuries and. modified by Acts of Parlament. The result is, doubtless, a somewhat complex and unsystem- atic body of law, but the principles which permeate it are admirable.
ON THE HISTORY OF CRIMINAL LAW,
Among the authorities who may be consulted by one desirous of ascertaining. what the Crimi nal Law was in former days in England, way be mentioned the following:-The collection of Ancient Laws and fastintes of England, published by Mr. Thorpe under the direction of the Record Commissioners. This contains some forty-seven sels of faws of partly ecclesiastical, parily secular statutes, bearing the names of fourteen raters, twelve of them before the Con- quest, viz, from Ethelbers to Edward the Con- fessor inclusive, while the remaining two are Norman Kings-William the Conqueror and Henry J
Glanville is next worth notice. Ile wrote in
equivalent of the Chief Justice.
brilliant speech he delivered in the House of Commons when Bentham was between seventy and eighty years old led to the appoint ment of two Commissions, which finally even, tuated in the passing of the Criminal Law Con solidation Acts of 1961. But the more imme dinte and very satisfactory result of Bentham's and Brougham's efforts, following those of Sir Samuel Komilly, was the confining of capital punishment practically to murder, high treason, and piracy at the beginning of the present reign, 1837. Upto 1826 death was the punishment for all treasons and felonies except perry larcenjes, After 1834 it was no longer permitted to behend the body of the slain criminal or to dissect it or hang it in chains. In 1834 there were 480 sen. tences of death passeit in England. In 1848, towards the end of the Tudor panod, say about only 116, Sir F. T. Stephens estimated that
1598, there were about Boo executions in the year. This is terrible when we reflect' how small the population of England then was.
The ablest modern writer upon Criminal Law was, in my opinion, the late Sir James Fitz James Stephen, whose Digests of Criminal Law and of Procedure contain the result of the labours of half a life time and show how feasi ble it would be to produce a complete code,' given the necessary power and authority of the right persons. In writing this Paper, I have largely availed myself of his admirable History of the Criminal Law of England, a work showing immense research.
ENGLISH CRIMINAL LAW AT THE PRESENT TIME.
..
Classification of Crimes. Before considering the English Criminal Law as it existed centuries ago, it may be well to take a brief survey of its leading features at the present day. At present, crimes are divided into three main classes, viz., Treasons, Felonies, As a matter of fact afl and Misdemeanours.
reasons are felonies, though, of course; there are many felonies which are not treasons nor so heinous in the sight of the law as treasons. Murder is also a felony.
At the Assizes, in England, the Crier makes Procalmation as follows: If any one can in form my lords the "Queen's Justices, the Queen's Attorney-General or the Queen's Sergeant, ere this inquest taken between our Sovereign Lady the Queen and the prisoners misdemeanour committed or done by then or at the bar, of any treason, murder, felony or any of them, let him come forth and lie shall be heard, for the prisoners stand at the bar upon their deliverance,"
I suppose that Proclamation has been made. in the same terms for hundreds of years. I am not aware that there has been for many years such a person as the Queen's Sergeant referred to in it, and I suppose the word "murder" is interposed between the words treason" and "felony, because murder, like treason, is a particularly heinous kind of felony,
to be paid to the Company the Bankers CORPORATION, at their Premises, Queen's direct from us in the Colony or from/andHis Excellency Major General Gascognepriate words, by the Chairman Mr. Goodman the reign of Henry II. and was in,1189 the the allegiance and it is, according 10 the Law
Road Central, Victorms, Hongkong, on ne before the gid day of March, rgoo.
DURING the week ended 27th January the
Four authorised Agents at the Coast following cases of comentaicable disease were
And Notice is also given that in accordance Parts. with Article 24 of the Company's Articles of Association, interest will be charged as from
QUEAN'S ROAD CENTRAL
the said 3rd day of Masels, quo, at that rate of A. S. WATSON & CO., LIMITED $10 per centiin per anmy, ugom all calls! remaining unpaid after the said 3rd day of March, 1900, up to the actual dates of pivient of the same.
Shareholders are parthulaly verpesteil to note that upon presentation at the office of the Company of the Bankers' rescipt for payment of the call together with the certificate of the shares in respect of which the call has been paid, an endorsement to that effect will he made upon the certificate.
By order of the Board of Director,
W. I GASKELL
Secretary.
[130
Hongkong, 30th January, 1956.
EASTERN AND AUSTRALIAN STEAM-
SHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.
FOR SYDNEY AND MELBOURNE. (Calling at TIMOR, PORT DARWIN & QUEENS- LAND PORTS, Ruth taking though Cargo to ADELAIDE, NEW ZEALAND, TASMANIA, &c.)
THE Stenship
"GUTHRIE" Captain Dabelle, will be despatched as above on TUESDAY, the 20th February, at Daylight, This well-known Steamer is specially fitter, for Passengers, and has a Refrigerating Chum ber which ensures the supply of Fresh Fra visions, Ice, &c., throughout the voyage
This Steamer is installed throughout with the Electric-light.
A Stewardess and a chuty qualified Surgeon are carried.
N.-Return Tickets isored by this pany to and from AUSTRALA, are available for return by the Steamers of the CHINA)NAVIGA- TION COMPANY and vice versi
For Freight or Passage, apply to
NOTICE TO CONSIGNERS.
L
́S.S. “BRAEMAK," FROM GLASGOW, LIVERPOOL AND
„ESTARIISDER A.D. 184.
BIRTH.
On the oth jammary, at No so. Museum Road, Shanghai, the wife of R. J. L. WRIGHT, of a son.
The Hongkong Telegraph
HONGKONA, TUESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1900.
NOTES AND COMMENTS.
THE STAR FERRY COMCASY,
We should like to call the attention of the of the Star Ferry Company to management the total inadequacy of the arrangements made to cope will the increased trafic last night. Everyone arust have been well aware, that the wear approach of the Chinese New Year would wan a great increase in the miner of passengers from and to Kowloon, yet no extra launch was put on and the result was that the one small punch running was crowded and many Chinese had to be left
Cant.
reported in the Colony --Bubonic plague.one case and one death; enteric fever, and case,
imported on Shanghai; small-pos, one case,
one death.
A child, being asked to draw'ʼn picture illustra:- ing her favourite hymn exhibited a picture of a fashionable lady ministering to a rather stage) animal-Being asked to explain by her teacher, she quoted the lines:
Can a woman's tender care
Cease toward the child she-bear?
said :--
CRIMINAL LAW; VILAT UT IS,
not the accusation.
Criminal Laws, of course, only one depart men of the great body of Law in force in any country. It deals with crime as opposed to mere civil wrongs. I ought to explain and deline crimes, to lay down the punish- ment for them and regulate the procedure for the arrest, and trial of persons suspected or accused of crime. That is clear enough; but what is the proper, definition of a Crime? Historically, it is en act or omission which rises to an accusation (Crowe) as distinct from an action. Then it came to mean the offence, But, at the present time, & Crime may be defincil, in a popular rense, as an offence which ON Sunday morning last the store belonging to the law punishes directly, as, for instance, by Messrs. Carmichael & Co., in Queen's Builds or imprisonment, as distinguished from some wrongful act-which it punishes indirectly ings, was broken into, by some thief, or thieves, by giring a civil action for damages to the and $500 worth of goods stolen. A few days person injured. In the one case the injury to before Christmas, the same thing accurred to the community is considered and punished, in them, and $700 worth of things were taken the other merely the injury to the individual is Entrance in both cases was effected by breaking prosecuted criminally or trented simply as regarded. Soune acts indeed may be either the pares of one of the windows and shooting civil wrongs. Such as assaults and libels are back the fastener.
crines for they tend to promote breach of the peace but in these instances the party injured may claim damages instead in a civil action. Now there are
A SUAM fight took place at Kowloon this morning between the Marines and Bluejackets. The Bluejackets composed the attacking force and the Marines defended the Peninsula. The fight would have resulted in favour of the defenders but, by a misapprehension, the sailors went outside the boundary, thus putting draw. Nevertheless many useful lessons were themselves out of action and necessitating a learnt, but the general opinion was that, in view of recent events in South Africa, the officers exposed themselves too much. Sketch says:- I don't think that this story has ever crept into print before, but I should imagine it to be one of the most humorous in the life of Lord Rosebery. it comes direct from his own lips. When he was at the Foreign Office, a tided indy came to him and
:
TWO GREAT SYSTEMS OF CRIMINAL, LAW,
One, the Continental system. The other, the English system.
in
The Mirror of Justice seems to have been written about the time of Edward.f. Sir Janes F. Stephen, however, does not seem to regard its authority as very trustworthy in some mat. ters.
Treason is an offence against the duty of
Books, the highest known crime, for it aims at the very destruction of the Commonwealth it- sive species of treason are set forth by The Statute of Edward 11. One sees at once the feudal origin of the offence. - Treason is a word derived from the French Trair to betray, the underlying idea being the betrayal of the allegiance to the sovereign.
Felony This term embraces, as a general
The earliest writer on Criminal Law, who gives anything like a general view of the subject in his day, is Bracton. He was one of the Justices Itinerant of Henry. III, and collected the laws and customs prevaille, all crimes of a more serious nature than ing in England in the earlier half of the misdeincimours, crimes which are, therefore, thirteenth century. Things were then in-a usually more severely punished than misde transition stage and while the old English law regulated procedure, the deficiency in defintions and principles was supplied by Bracion chiefly from the Roman Law. It must not be sup posed that Roman Criminal Law ever took deep root generally in England. The English were always supicious of it, possibly an account of the arbitrary pawers conferred by it on the Sovereign. The Digest, or Code of Justinian, lays down that "what pleases the Prince las the force of law, as by the Royal Law (Ler Regia) the people conferred upon him all their power and authority," Principles of Roman Law such as these would have destroyed that feudal liberty which the nobles cherished Such doctrines would have been fatal, had they been incorporated in our laws. It was the attempt to put in practice theories of the Ler, Regia kind which cost the throne of England. The next great work was Coke's fastitutes which have had a greater influence on the laws of our country than any work written between the days of Bracton and those of Blackstone Coke flourished in the time of James 1. In the middle of the 17th century Sir Matthew Hale's Pleas of the Creion was published. It was a work of great ability and is even now decined an authority of a high order,
cancurs. There are, however, some exceptions to this general rule, and at the present day the hardly find a place in any modern re-classifica wordFelony is an anachronism. It would ton of crimes. There is a respect for antiquity in English law and the word "has a history. 1am in favour of Spelman's derivation of the word. Ife derives it from the Teutonic, or old meaning price or value. Originally it meant German, "Fec," meaning a ficf, and "lon" the state of having forfeited lande and goods to the Crown upon conviction for certain offences, and, then, by transition it came to incan any "offence upon conviction for which such forfeiture followed, in addition to any other punishment prescribed by law, as distinguished froin offences (misdemeanotus) for which no forfeiture followed. While forfeiture followed conviction, felony had a definite meaning. Moreover, in the olden days, death was the punishment usually allowed by law to those convicted of felony, so that the idea of the death penalty became associated with felony, or at least with most felonies. But forfeiture for felony was abolished in England in 1870, and the death penalty is almost entirely confined to as a generic term at the presut day. However, murder, so that the word felony is not very suitable in framing an Indictment, if the crime amounts.
here.
Misdemeanour. This includes every crime.
one may say that every indictable criminal
By the Continental system, I mean the system based upon Roman Law; the system in force in France, Spain, Italy, and Holland, in Scotland, the Roman Law profoundly in- for example. In these countries, as formerly fenced the local legal system, including the criminal procedure in force from time to time.
By the English system, I mean the system
A century later, a force in England, which represents the
appeared Sir Afchael Faster's to felony the deed must be described as having fesent-day views of the Anglo-Saxon race, on Report of Criminal Cases, decided mostly in been done "feloniously," and there are minor the subject of crime and the methods of dealing the reign of George II. followed by discourses differences in procedure between cases of felony
That this English on Treason, Homicide and Accomplices in refer to our which I need not with alleged criminals. system comes of a vigorous stock and has a capital cases. This excellent work appeared vitality of its own which seems to suit the in 1762.
It was about this time that lackstone was which is not a felony, and, speaking generally, genius of our race, is evident from its prevalence in so large a proportion of the civilized world. delivering lectures on law at Oxford, and no offence, which the law regards as less than a spin : "You have read of that terrible An-
With trilling modifications to suit local require those who attended his lectures was Jeremy archist outrage at Barcelona. My husband is there, and I am so afraid that something terriblements, it is in force in nearly every British Bantham who was afterwards to become one felony and every net forbidden by any Act of may happen to him: Lord Rosebery replied: whole of those vast areas which go to make British Constitution and Laws
Colony. In various shapes it obtains in almost of the ablest and most fearless critics of the Parliament, but not amounting to a felony, is a misdenicanoUIT. Now, without wishing to Tup"the United States of America. You will Blackstone published the first edition of his underrate the many merits of English Criminal knew him when he was in London, and I will do and is in Canada and Australia, and it forms celebrated Commentaries between 1965 and Law, or the historical interest attaching 10 its all that is needful," He wired the Covernor in terms couched somewhat like this: " Please the basis of that Indian Penal Code which 1769. He gives us a complete view of the whole Biadual development and the traces of the assure yourself of the security of Mr. X. I have has been decribed by an eminent modern system of English Law as itexisted in the latter earlier stages of that development, to be found in its nomenclature and its procedure at the later a reply cane back: "I have done
freed from all technicalities and super- has said:"Blackstone did, and did exceeding fluities, systematically arranged and modified ly well, for the end of the 18th century what better and more logical classification of crimes as you desired. X is safely under lock and key in the dungeons with the other Anar
in some very few particulars to suit the cir- Coke tried to do and did exceedingly it about might well be made when our law comes to be
codified The one hunderd aud fifty years before, that is in chists. Was associating with a dangerous female cumstances of British India." Anarchist." All that followed before the fun-
system appears, therefore, capable of adaptation say, he gave, an treount of the hares hot It may be well, it this point, to notice fortunate map, who had been put on the salted to varied races of men, living in different capable of being studied not only without dis the the are many thing offences punish- food diet, in order, by thirst, to drive him to countries and in tropical as well as in teinper-gust but with interert and profito nble in a summary way by the Magis would be deemed far-fetched in a Palais-Royal confess everything, got safely out of Barcelone climates. farce.. When the story was told to Lord Rose bety, he remarked: "Never again will I go out of my way to do anything other than my official duties."
behind each trip. The rest of this was that a rush was made for the launch each time by the crowd and the solitary policeman on daty at Pedder's Wherf was totally meable to restrain the 'hings, the launch backing agáin as soon as she was full of | passengers, In one of these wild scram- bles our representative saw two China men pushed me the water between the GHD, LIVINGSTON & Co,
wharf steps and the launch and it is need- Agents.
less in say that the men ran no inconsider- Hongkong, 30th January, 1900. — [1264
able risk of being crushed. Of course all :"MOGUL" LINE OF STEAMERS, ---- the_Chine_cwywaled_to_the_side_of_thu__"The Governor is a personal friend of mine-L
Each to stare at the men in the water and, hamides dearly driving several others over- Board, gave the launch a very unpleasant
Had two launches been running the particular reasons. Rosebery." Three days writer as "the Criminal Law of England part of the r3th century," "An eminent author present day, one cannot but feel that some pressure would have been relieved to a great extent and the lives of passengers would not have been ende gured. As we have before pointed out, the Ferry Company have now a poly of the traffic and can do as they please with regard to looking after the com- fort of their passengers, but still, we think that a little more consideration should be shown for the public, both Chinese and European. Tonight the crowd will be greater still and we certainly think that it behoves the management of the Star Ferry Company to take steps to provide for the increased traffic. If they do not we shall not be at all surprised to hear of a bad ; catastrophe attended by a considerable loss of life, for the life-saving apparatus carried by the launches is not sufficient for one tenth of the European passengers, let alone the crowds of Chinese that flock on board each launch. 'When an accident does oc- cur we have no doubt that many enquiries will be made as to the number of passengers on board and the precautions taken to en- sure their safety, but we gertainly think that it would be better to Emedly matters before |
We the necessity arises for an enquiry. would also suggest that on nights when a
STRAITS,
CONSIGNEES of Cargn are hereby informed that all Goods are being landed at their risk into the Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, at, Kowloon, whence and/or from the winrves delivery may be obtained.
Optional Cargo will be forwarded unless TOMORRO Cary he given before Noon, No Claims will be admitted after the Gods have left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining undelivered after the 6th February, will be
subject to rent.
All Claims against the Steamer must be pre- sented to the Undersigned on or before the February, or they will not be recognized.
All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 6th February, at 3. P.M.
No Fire Insurance has been effected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by
DODWELL & CO., LIMITED,
Agents.. Hongkong, 30th January, 1900. [1286
AN APPEAL.
HE SUPERIORESS of the ITALIAN T CONVENT, CAINE ROAD, begs most respectfully to APPEAL to the Residents of Hongkong and the Post Ports, for their kind patronage and support, and desires to state that she will be pleasedtoressive-order-forall kinds of NEEDLE WORK:
Gentlemen's Shirts made to order, and Cuffs and Collars renewed on old ones.
large crowd is anticipated one or two extra policemen would not be out of place upon Pedder's Wharf...
WEATHER REPORT.
The Observatory report says:
fallen on the China coast, risen in the extreme On the goth at 11:55 aan. the barometer has North. Pressure is high over N.E. China, with moderate gradients and fresh to moderate mon
Ladies and Children's Under-clothing Chil dren's Dresses, and all kinds of Embroidery, Materials can be supplied, if required. „, i, de The Superioress will also bo most grateful for any PAPER, or old ENVELOPES to be made into Books for the Ghildren of the Poor Schools, soon-on-the-coust-and-in-the-N-part-of-the-
who are taught by the Sisters.
Hongkong, 22nd April, 1892
China Sea, FORECAST:-Moderate N.E. winds; [493 fair
DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TWO SYSTEMS.
The experience of centuries has, of course, caused in great sy steins. While, however, the caused improvements and modifications in both
essential features of the English system are now Trial by Jury and viva voce evidence given in FIRE IN WELLINGTON STREET.
Court by witnesses in the presence of the ar- cused who may cross examine them, the Con- tinental system admits of written evidence not A fire occurred at No. 81 Wellington Street necessarily seen by the accused and elaborate this morning and if it had not been for the official interrogation of the prisoner conducted great promptness shown by our Fire brigade often in secret and rather on the assumption would have doubtless proved a very serious one.that he is guilty than that he may be innocent. As it was, one house was completely gutted and Sych interrogation is aimed at procuring con the adjacent one received injuries, owing to the fession of his guilt or damaging admissions to lar. e volumes of water that necessarily had to be used eventually against him. To take, for be used. Luckily the house is situated on the instance, the French case of the Monk Leotade comer of Wellington and Cochrane Streets so,, accused of murder and other crimes. He was the firemen were enabled to get the hose well to arrested in April, Sir James F. Stephen points work on two sides of the burning building, at, out, and not tried till the following February, ance, so by 1 p.m. the fire, which was burning Now during those ten months, he spent most fiercely at 11 am. was quite got under.The of the time in solitary confinement, licing how amount of damage has not yet been ascertained, eigs, constantly examined, cross-examined, re- but it must be pretty extensive, although the examined, and confronted with various wit- different fire inaurence companies interested nesses, always in secret. "At the trial, it seems bad gangs of men on the spot to save as much that, after the arie d'accusation had been read, as possible of the property.
lie was again cross-examined at great length and the argument for the proseculion was that he must be guilty because his answers on different occasions were, in some degree, inconsistent and because on one or two points he was contradicted by otlier witnesses," am. not discussing which is the most effective system in preventing the escape of a guilty person from the punishment allotted to his crime, but there can be no doubt that the English system is more in accordance with our notions of justice and fairplay. According to the English system, Léoude could not have
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He dealt more completelyiheim Cokeand Halettes without the intervention of any with common law principles and definitions, Jury There is no specific name for these, and treated fully of the great additions which unless one classifies them generally under the in the substantive Criminal Lay by statutory Code clastifier offences as Crimes, Dalits, and had been made in the course of the 18th century heading of summary ofences. The French enactment. Blackstone's Commentaries have Contraventions, answering roughly to our passed through many editions and even at the clunics, misdemeanours, and summary offences present day the four volumes of Mr. Sergeant respectively. Stephen's Commentaries, which may be descriThe punishments which may by the law of bed as Blackstone brought up to date, are set as the subject of the Intermediate Examination England be inficied in the appropriate cases. of articled clerks aspinng to become solicitors at the present time are death by hanging, penal Of course, the modern writers have had to take servitude imprisonment with or without hard into account the vast number of Acts of Parliahour, detention in a reformatory school, Buba ment which have dealt, in an unsystematic Jection to police supervison, wipping, finés, and butting under fecognizance. But very different way, with various offences, which the circun
were at one time in force in Eng stances of the day have, from time to time,
VIII capo made forced on the special attention of the Legis
and pupk bld by boil lature. Dlackstone's courtly language, and somewhat exaggerated feeling of admiration for the law as existing when he wrote, brought him under the literary dash oflentine that robust hater of technicalities and red taporilat. shows à healthy mind in a healthy body
Jeremy Bentham exposed, by his bold dashing criticism, many of these defects blemishes of our legal system whose ahir had caused them to be generally regarded toleration and even respect
the
11 15 difficult for us TOTT Blackstone wrote, there were hundred and sixty offence Parlinnicht to be punishable
It is true that Blacks Bentham boldly points of such a state of t punishment for steal for murdering a man Henry Brougham, cellorar
stells us that a giti nami
the poisonce bel mis
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