ONCH
EPAONE
UPR
COURT
The Hongkong Telegraph.
No. 557.
For Sale.
ANE
Insurances.
TSZE INSURANCE
CRAWFORD & Co., VANASSOCIATION
HAVE RECEIVED THE FOLLOWING
NEW
GOODS.
➡ENDERS and Fire-irons,
New Fire-guards and Coal Vases,
Kerosine Cooking Stoves,
Hinks's "Duplex" Table Lamps in new designs,
New Folding Lamp Shades,
Linen "Dagmar" Shades
CAPITAL (Fully £aid-up) .................Tls.' 420,000.00 PERMANENT RESEKVE..............Tls, 230,000.00 SPECIAL RESERVE FUND...TIs. 318,235.56
TOTAL CAPITAL and}
ACCUMULATIONS, 31st March, 1883.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1883.
Intimations.
F. VINCENOT
HAS FOR SALE..
(03).
DENARD BUTTER, in Bottles. FANISETTE DE BORDEAUX, qts. & pts. ...Tis. 968,235.56 ANISETTE DE BORDEAUX, Stone Bottles,
qts. & pis. White & Orange Dry, DUTCH CURACAO, }
quarts and pints. GOLD LIQUOR (Eau d'Or,) quarts and pints. EAU-DE-VIE DE DANTZIC,
DIRECTORS. F. D. HITCH, Esq., Chairman.
WM. MEYERINE, Esq. A.J.M.INVERARITY, Esq. G. H. WHEELER, Esq.
"Saratoga Trunks and Ladies? Dress Trunks, C. LUCAS, Esq.
Travelling Bags and Holdalls,
Despatch Boxes and Portfolios,
New "Slider" Playing Cards,
"Moguls" and "Squeezers." Call Bells,
Scrap Books, New Office Sundries,
Christmas Cards in New Prize Designs,
Menu and Name Cards,
Porcelain Menu Tablets,
Artists' Materials and new Canvases,
Air Beds and Cushions, New Cutlery,
Christy's Felt-Hats in New Shapes and Colours,
Ellwood's Felt-Hats on Corky,
Cricketing Caps and "Tam-Shanter"
Caps,
Tennis Sets, Tennis Bats, Tennis Balls,
Cricket Bats, Balls and Stumps,
Guns and Sportsmans' Sundries,
Cope's Tobaccos, Fresh Golden Cloud,
Fresh Birdseye and Mixture,
Manila and Penang Cigars,
New Saddlery, Whips and Fly Switches,
Curry Combs and Brushes, Saddles and Saddle-cloths.
-LANE, CRAWFORD-&-Co. Hongkong, 25th October, 1883. -
[34
Amusements.
HEAD OFFICE----SHANGHAL Messrs. RUSSELL & Co., Secretaries..
LONDON BRANCHI,
Messrs. BARING BROTHERS & Co.,
Bankers.
RICHARD BLACKWELL, Esq., Agent, 68 and 69, Combill, E.C.' POLICIES granted on MARINE RISKS to all parts of the World.
Subject to a charge of 12 percent, for Interest
on Shareholders' Capital, all the PROMITS of the
UNDERWRITING BUSINESS are annually dis tributed among all Contributors of Business (whe- ther Shareholders or not) in proportion to the premia paid by them.
RUSSELL & Co.,
Agents.
(83
Hongkong, 25th May, 1883.
THE STRAITS INSURANCE. COMPANY,
LIMITED.
HE Undersigned having been appointed prepared to grant Policies on MARINE KISKS
THEATRE ROYAL to all parts of the world at CURRENT RATES,
CITY HALL, HONGKONG,
THE LOFTUS TROUPE :
ARNHOLD, KARBERG & Co. Hongkong, 3rd November, 1883.
[827
HE Undersigned have been appointed AGENTS to the NEW YORK BOARD
THE
THE LOFTUS TROUPE 11
THE LOFTUS TROUPE ! 11 of UNDERWRITERS.
NOTICE
THE Repertoire of the above Company is
now su „View at Man KELLY & WALSH'S. It contains Eighteen-Pieces, from which intending Subscribers are respectfully re- quested to select the Twelve they wish tó see performed, the Management to be guided by the majority, in order to give satisfaction. --THE PERFORMANCES ------
will commence about THE 22ND OF THIS MONTH, NOVEMBER, with
GILBERT AND SULLIVAN'S World Famed PIRATES OF PENZANCE!
PIRATES OF PENZANCE!!
PIRATES OF PENZANCE'][7
-BARTLEY O'BRIEN,-
Agent
Hongkong, 6th November, 1883. ;
[835
Intimations.
NOTICE.
20 BOILER MAKERS required for service "In H.M. NAVAL YARD.
Apply at Inspector of Machinery's Office, Naval Yardi.
W. H. LOBB, Naval Storekeeper. H.M. NAVAL YARD, Hongkong, 8th November, 1883.
[846
EALED TENDERS will be received by the Undersigned up to FOUR O'CLOCK Lof THURSDAY, the sand Instant, for the EREC TION OF DISPENSER'S QUARTERS at the ROYAL NAVAL HOSPITAL Hongkong, according to Plan, Specification and Conditions which can be seen on application at the Naval Storekeeper's Office.
The right to reject the lowest or any Tender is reserved.
W. H LOBB, Naval Storekeeper.
H.M. NAVAL YARD, Hongkong, 7th November, 1883"
WANTED ON BOTTOMRY,›
[838
'ARNHOLD, KARBERG & CO. Hongkong, 15th June, 1381. RECORD of AMERICAN and FOREIGN
SHIPPING Agents, ARNHOLD, KARBERG & Co. Hongkong, 15th June, 1881.
[470
NOTICE.
"HE Undersigned have been appointed. The CHINA SHIPPERS'
MUTUAL STEAM". NAVIGATION COM. PANY, LIMITED.
ARNHOLD, KARBERG & Co. Hongkong, 19th October, 1883,
-GENERAL NOTICE....
CACAO CHOUVA A DA VANILLE.
CACAO A LA VANILLE.
PRALINE GRILLEES A LA VANILLE.
NOYAU DES ANTILLES.
MEUTHE GLACIALE.
F!
CREME DES YLES.
Auctions.
PUBLIC AUCTION.
THE Undersigned 'has received' instructions
Tfrom the MORTUAGRE to Sell by Public
Auction, on
MONDAY,
the 12th November, 1883, on the Spot-
SIX DOLLARS PER QUARTER.
Shipping.
STEAMERS.
FOR SWATOW.
THE British Steamer
CHAMPAGNE MOUET & CHANDON, pints. The Parce of GROUND registered in the Land for the above Port, on SUNDAY NEXT, the 11th
L
CHAMPAGNE VVE, CLIQUOT, pinte ORANGE BITTERS, quarts and pints. FRENCH BEER (VELTEN), VICHY WATER CELESTIN, Grande Grille.
HAUTERIVE, Hopital. PARC, Mesdames," CHOMEL FRENCH WHITE SOAP.
*: TOBACCO CAPORAL SUPERIOR: ORDINAIRE.
31...
ALSO A LARGE VARIETY OF FRENCH WINES, PRESERVES, &C., WHOLESALE & RETAIL. AN INSPECTION IS SOLICITED. PRICES & SAMPLES ON APPLICATION.
4:
Hongkong, 12th October, 1883.
BEGS
Office as SOWKIWAN, LOT No. 109, measuring on the North and South go fect, East and West 150 feet or 7500 square feet. Yearly Crown' Rent 38.10. Held for 999 years from 16th January, 1860. For Terms of Sale and Particulars, apply to .-J. M. GUEDES,
Auctioneer, Hongkong, 1st November, 1883.
(817
PUBLIC AUCTION.
Undersigned instructions
Auction, on
“PHE CHULA CHOM KLAO Captain Lightwood, will be despatched
instant, at DAYLIGHT, instead of as previously advertised.
For Freight or Passage, apply to
HOP HING HONG, No. 124, Bonham Strand. Hongkong, 8th November, 1883. (834
NOUVELLE COMPAGNIE MARSEILLAISE DE NAVIGATION A VAPEUR.
Steamship
THE
"LIBAN,"
THE under sigord has received by Public Labic, Commander, will sail on F. VINCENOT, No. 24, Praya Central.
MRS. P. SMITH,
[772
TUESDAY,
the 13th November, 1883, at THREE
at the Premises, THE
or about the 12th November, for MARSEILLES, VIA SAIGON, SINGAPORE, COLOMBO, P.M.,ADEN, and SUEZ; and with feave to call at PENANG and TUTICORIN. In connection with these Steamers the Company runs a Line from MARSEILLES tó HAVRE and LONDON, leaving MARSEILLES after arrival of the Steamer from CHINA.
to inform the Community of Hongkong Generally, and Visitors to the Fort, that VALUABLE LEASEHOLD PROPERTY,
SHE HAS THIS DAY OPENED
PRIVATE TIFFIN ROOMS,
AT
Nos. 8 & BEACONSFIELD ARCADE,
WHERE
-SHE-WILL-DE-FREPARED TO SUPPLY MEALS & REERESHMENTS AT ALL HOURS.. The Rooms are large, well ventilated and airy, and the viands supplied. will be
of the best description and cooked in the best style.
ATTACHED TO THE
TIFFIN ROOMS
AREA
BILLIARD ROOM
AND
READING-
ROOM.
·
THE LATTER IS WELL SUPPLIED WITHI
GERMAN, FRENCH, AMERICAN & LONDON NEWSPAPERS, WRITING MATERIALS,
&C., &C,
&C1,
Bo“ N.B.—No Extra Charge for the use of the Reading and Billiard Rooms. ARRANGEMENTS FOR BOARD and LODGING can be made by applying to
Hongkong, roth October, 1883,
,
--MRS.-P.-SMITH-
ON THE PREMISES, BEACONSFIELD ARCADE.
SAYLE & CO.'S
SHOW-ROOMS.
NOW SHOWING EX S.S. "GLENFRUIN,"
786 FIRST
^IRST DELIVERY OF CHRISTMAS TOYS,
WRITING CASES, WORK?BOXES,
"THE ON TAT INSURANCE COMPANY, (LIMITED.) CAPITAL TAELS 600,000) EQUAL--2813,333-33- RESERVE FUND $70,858.27.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
LEE SING, Esqonuni | LEE YAT LAU, Esq. LO YEOX MOON, Esq. CHƯ CHIK NUNG, Esq. MANAGER-HO AMEI,
| MARINE RISKS on GOODS, &c., taken at CURRENT RATES to all parts, of the world.
HEAD OFFICE, 8 & 2 PRAYA WEST. Hongkong, 1st September, 1882. [670
UNION INSURANCE SOCIETY OF CANTON, LIMITED;
A
NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS.
SECOND and FINAL BONUS of Five per cent, on Contributions and a DIVI DEND. of EIGHTEEN DOLLARS and TWENTY-
PLUSH FRAMES, JEWEL CASES,
&C., Ladies' and Gentlemens' KID GLOVES in all colours and sizes.
"FUR LINED KID GLOVES.–
DRIVING GLOVES.
CLOTH GLOVES and MITTS.
1766
Ladies' and Childrens' HOSIERY, suitable for the present Season.
FURS & FUR TRIMMINGS in great variety.
TO ARRIVE PER 'S.S. "GLENEAGLES,”
SPECIALITIES IN CHRISTMAS CARDS.:
Hongkong, 1st November, 1883.
SAYLE & CO..
VICTORIA EXCHANGE, HONGKONG.
[730
KELLY & WALSH
HAVE JUST LANDED.
"X “AJAX,”
NINE CENTS per SHARE for the year 1882, will be Payable on MONDAY, the sand instant, Office of the Society on and after that date.
Warrants may be had on application at the EX "GLENFRUIN,"
By Order of the Board,
M: DOUGLAS JONES,
Acting Secretary”- Hongkong, aand October, 1883,
[794 CHINA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED.
FRESH TOBACCOS.
COPE'S GOLDEN CLOUD,
Situate in Hollywood Victoria, Hongkong, Comprising:-
All those Pieces or Parcels of GROUND, registered in the Land Office as Sections
The Company also runs Steamers regularly MEDITERRANEAN and BLACK SEA, by from MARSEILLES to numerous Ports in the which through freight may be booked.
Each
Stewardess.
Steamer carries a Surgeon and
A, B, C, D and E, INLAND LOT No. 702, with the Remaining Portion of INLAND Paris, 9, Rue de Rougemont, giving special.
The Company has a Forwarding Agency at LOT 702, with the Messages and Tenc-facilities to Shippers. ments thereon being Nos. 239, 237, 235, and Nos. 217, 215 and 213, Hollywood Road. For Further Particulars and 'Conditions of Sale, apply to
› J. M. GUEDES,
Auctioneer. Hongkong, 5th November, 1883.
FURNITURE SALE.
[830
HE Undersigned have received instructions
to Sell by Public Auction, on
WEDNESDAY,
the 14th instant, at 2 O'CLOCK PİM, at-
No. 4, Seymour Terrace. HOUSEHOLD-FUR-N-IT-U-R·E,
Comprising
ARTICLES for DRAWING ROOM, DINING ||ROOM"BEDROOM, and DRESSING-ROOM,- CANTON MATTING, CARPETING, RUGS, BAMBOO BLINDS.
SETS, FENDERS and FIRE-IRONS.
GLASS, SUNDRIES.
A Few PLANTS and FERNS.
The Line is noted for its Cuisine and Beer and Table Wines are included in the Passage Money.
RETURN TICKETS are now granted by the Steamers of this line available for the undermentioned periods, to be reckoned from the date of arrival at Marseillés of the Steamer _for_which_the_Ticket_is_issued to the date of re-embarkation there of the Holder of the Ticket.
Special rates are arranged for families. For Freight or Passage, apply to
ADAMSON, BELL & Co.,
Agents.
(734
Hongkong, 5th November, 1883.
FOR SINGAPORE, PENANG, AND CALCUTTA
HE Steamship
THE
“ARRATOON APĊAR,"
Captain A. B. MacTavish, will be despatched
The things can be seen on the morning of the for the above Ports, on WEDNESDAY, the
'Sale.
TERMS.-As usual,
LANE, CRAWFORD & Co., Auctioneers. Hongkong, 7th November, 1883.
PUBLIC AUCTION.
(842
♫R. J. M. GUEDES has received instruc-.
MR
tions from Mr. EDWARD JAMES ACKROYD,
14th instant, at 3 P......
For Freight or Passage, apply to an
DAVID SASSOON, SONS & Co.,
Agents. Hongkong, 7th November, 1883. 1839
SAILING VESSELS.
FOR LONDON,-
Receiver of the Estate of NG CHEONG to Sell - SHEAST"British Bark— by Public Auction, on
THURSDAY,
the 15th November, 1883, at 3 O'CLOCK P.M., at the Premises,
A VALUABLE LEASEHOLD PROPERTY, Comprising ---
All those. Pieces or Parcels of GROUND
Situate at YAU-MA-TEE, British Kowloon,
"WILLIAM MANSON,”
Fort, and will have quick despatch. Kindred, Master, will load here for the above
For Freight, apply to
RUSSELL & Co. Hongkong, 8th November, 1883. [843
FOR NEW YORK,
in the Colony-of-Hongkong-and-Registered-HE- in the Land Office as the Remaining Por-THE-3/3-L-1-German-Ship tion of Kowloon MARINE LOT No. 30, Section A B C H and I and the Remaining Portion of Kowloon INLAND LOT No. 43, Section C of Kowloon INLAND LOT No.: 106, and Section B of Kowloon INLAND LOT No. 107, held for the respective re- sidues of the terms of 75 years respectively. The property will be offered for Sale in 13' Lots as follows:----
All those premises respectively known as, Lot 1-The Tenement No. 20 Praya, proportion
of annual Crown Rent $1.72.
COPE'S STRAIGHT CUT. Lot 3-The Tenement No. at Praya, proportion
of annual Crown Rent $1.73. Lot 3-The Tenement No. 86 Station Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1,73. Lot 4The Tenement No. 83 Station Street,
- proportion of annual Crown Rent §1.72. – Lot -The Tonement No. ço Station Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1.22.
WILLS' BRISTOL BIRDS EVE.
WILLS' THREE CASTLES,
WILLS' GOLDEN FLAKE HONEY DEW.
WILLS' PRINCES MIXTURE.
WILLS BEST SCOTCH.
FROM SHANGHAI.
HAPPY THOUGHT.
ADJUSTMENT OF BONUS FOR THE YEAR 1882.
BOUT DOLLARS ELEVEN THOUSAnd in to this Office a List of their Can
HAREHOLDERS are hereby requested to THE ASAND (11,000) on the Ship, Freight and tributions, of Fremia for the year ended 311 Cargo of the German Bark "MARIE," Captain December last, in order that the proportion of THOMASCITEWSKI, for the voyage, hence to Proft for that year to be paid se Bonus to Con Channel for orders to a Port in the United tributors may be arranged. Returas not sent in Kingdom or on the "Continent TENDERS before the 30th November next, will be made up must be sent in on or before FRIDAY; the oth by the Company, and no subsequent claims or November to the Undersigned, 'who da hos alterations will be allowed, bind themselves to accept the Lowest or any "elly Order of the Directors,
SIEMSSEN & Co Agents, Hongkong, 7th November, till. HONGKONG HOTEL COMPANY, LIMITED.
Tender
NOTICE
ME
[837.
N and after the 1st December 1883, the BUSINESS of the HOTEL will; his con ducted by the Company. - Rending the camp tion of the proposed alterations and repai DIRECTORS -solicitsthe-indulgence-
WILLS SCENTED RAPPEE, Lot
GOLDEN EAGLE. : DOLLAR BRAND, STAR MIXTURE,
NOVELTIES IN FANCY AND FASHIONABLE STATIONERY, CROCODILE LEATHER NOTE PAPER & ENVELOPES. THE RUSSIA LEATHER PAPER & ENVELOPES.****
THE MOROCCO LEATHER PAPER & ENVELOPES.
THE CRUSHED STRAWBERRY NOTE PAPER & ENVELOP CHRISTMAS. AND NEW YEAR'S CARDS,* *-
I
A VERY, FINE ASSORTMENT OF. Selge THE CHOICEST AMERICAN AND ENGLISH PRODUCTIONS.
* Hongkong, 24th October, 1883.
£673
JAS. B. COUGHTRIE, Secretary. Hongkong, 1st September, 1882,
NOTICELLOR gate THE MAN ON INSURANCE COMPANY,
NAGON CALIMITED:
$1,000,000)
(CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED...
The above Company is prepared to accopt MARINX Risks at Cunizar "RATE: on Goons, Policies granted to all Parts of the world
Public, for any inconvenience, malch-may be "payable at any of its Agences
By Order of the Directors,
WOO LIN YUEN,
Wellgod po AN SEE Secretary,
KELLY & WALSH,
W. BREWER.
"HAS LATELY RECEIVED
CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR CARDS IN GREAT VARIETY.
ETTAS DIARIES FORNE
"OLDEN CLOUD TOBACCO. is
GOLD JUDGE' TOBACCO.
The Tenement No. 63 Temple, Street, ("proportion of annual Crown Rent $1,72. Lot-The Tenement No. 65 Temple Street, Maniproportion of annual Crown Rent §1.73. Lot B The Tenement No. 67 Temple Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1.72. Lot -The Tenement No. 69 Temple Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1,72) Lot To The Tenement No. 73 Temple Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1.72. Lot 11-The Tenement No. 75 Temple Street,
proportion of annual Crown Rent $1,72,
"OTTO," Fortmann, Master, will load here for the above Port, and will have quick despatch.
For Freight, apply to
RUSSELL & Co. Hongkong, 1st November, 1883. [819
FOR NEW YORK.
THE 3/3 LL. I. German Ship
" GUSTAV & OSCAR," Seemans, Master, will load here for the above Port, and will have quick despatch.
For Freight, apply to
RUSSELL & Co. Hongkong, 25th October, 1883. - (693
Mails.
OCCIDENTAL AND ORIENTAL STEAM- SHIP COMPANY.
TAKING CARGO AND PASSENGERS TO JAPAN, THE UNITED STATES, MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND EUROPE
· THE OVERLAND RAILWAYS,
VIA
Lot
[560
Lot fa-The Tenement No. at Fuk-Shing-lane,, proportion of annual Crown Rent 91.72. 13-All that Piece of VACANT GROUND #situate between the Tenements Nos. 26 and ATLANTIC AND OTHER,
sa Temple Street, proportion of annual Crown Rent $1.82.
AND
STEAMERS.
and vahel es la subject to the existing THE Steamship lettings and tenancies thereof respectively.
For Further Particulars and Conditions of Sale, apply to
''BRERETON, WOTTON, & DEACON,
Solicitors for the Vendor,
35, Queen's Road, the detail Hongkong,„nagy, 2
or to
Auctioneer,
JM. GUIDES,
Hongkong, 7th November, 1883
OCEANIC,"
CTING.
will be despatched for San Francisco, vid Yoko hama, with the option of calling at Honolulu, on SATURDAY, the 17th November, at THREE M "Connection being made at Yokohama, with Steamers from Shanghai and Japan Ports."}}
All PARCEL PACKAGES should be marked to address in full 2 and same will be received at the Company's Office until FIVE P.. the day pred vious to calling D Ông
RETURN - PASSAGES.-Paisengers, who 1840
have paid full fare, re-embarking, at San Fran, cinco for China or Japan (or vice versa) within six months will be allowed a discount of 20 per cent. from Return Fare; if re-embarkdag within- one year, an allowance of 10 per cent will be mito roma Return Fares Pre-Paid Return Passage Orders, available for one year, will be Issued at a Discount of 25 per cent. from Retum Fure. There allowances do not apply to through Jares from China and Japan to Burept. Vi NEW PHOTO FRAMES for Promenade Photographer at te de chaque mols à partir du rer De-
Consular Invoices to accompany Overland, CIGNOR ANTONIO, CATTANEO, of the
****: EASEL PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, sur des deste combic, 1881 de 6000 tonnes de CHARBON de Mexican, Central, and South American Cargo, CONSERVATOIRE DE BERGAMo, and late
PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS in great variety and at all Prices Newcastle d' Australie, livrables & Halphong, should be sent to the Company's Offices and of the ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA COMPANY POCKET BOOKS, PURSES, CARD CASES and BLOTTERS in all kinds of Leathers pour le compte du service administratif du dressed to the Collector of Customs, San Fran NTIL further notice the Charges now the hamot to inform the community that he has evalling will be conditfued mice the, e one and will give
Quantity of NOVELTIES in PLUSH and BRASS GOODS. BAKER TONEIN, La cahier des clauses et conditions du claco.
DAMNPRSNEW MECHANICAL TOYS. | Contrat est déposé à la disposition du pablic & la Forsther Information as to Freight or ath edennystal septimo en va, ki dalje Chancalcite da Consulat de France à Hongkong," || Parange, apply to the Agency of the Company
randon BREWER, HENGDE MONTJAMONTE No. Cong Querly Road Cent
ENFOSTER Commissaira de la Division
Chine et du Japonezaddison M
ombre, 1833.
W LOUIS USCHILD,
Hongkong, 7th November, 1885 HONGKONG HOTELY COMPANY,
LIMITEDA 2100 NOTILE TO DAILY BOARDERS.
By Order of the Directors,
LOUIS
Hongkong 8th November, 1883
??NO!
HEAD OFFICES MANA
QUEEN'S ROAD WEST?fondamen
Hangkang, 1st February, 1882 NGA [106
KOCAMAN INTIMATION. » Egy
lessons in- Musle, Singing and the Pianoforte.
CHARGES STRICTLY MO
***Address MetsT, KELL
Queen'
ong, 1st March, 188
AMERICAN and RUSSIAN CIGARETTES. ADD
CIGARETTE and CIGAR CASES in great variety,
THE SMOKERS SET, in Brasak Mga Aven
GROTESQUE BRASS ASH TRAYS,
VALEHA
168
6 Nove
"NE ADJUDICATION FUBLIQUE, Uussions cacheteés, aura lieu en la CHANCELLERIE DU CONSULAT DE FRANCE 4 Hongkong, le MERCREDI 14 Novembre cou. rant, dal de l'apres midi, pour la fourniture totale, en a livraisons de 1500 tonnes CHACUNE
Men Mind MANED BRANDED" La 'S.
QUEEN'S ROAD)
Hongkong, lo
ongkong, ayth October, 1883
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.