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communications and houses for their employees. These requirements should, if possible, be fulfilled in advance of the erection of factories or at least there should be a guarantee that such provision will be made by the time the factories are ready to operate. (Paragraph 16).

(x). At the present time there is a tendency for the factories to increase in size and number. If they be permitted to become established in the congested areas decentralization would be much more difficult and expensive. The cost may well be prohibitive. It is essential therefore that, in order to prevent further congestion in built-up areas, the establishment of factories in those areas should be strictly controlled and that every possible inducement should be offered to attract them to new areas to provide work for the decentralized population. (Paragraph 16).

(xi). The provision of adequate housing for the poorer classes cannot be left to private enterprise unassisted. If the housing is to conform to acceptable stand- ards the return on capital will not be sufficient to attract private enterprise; to put it another way, the return on capital normally expected by private enterprise can only be achieved by overcrowding in houses which are below acceptable standards. If new and improved housing be provided for these classes, it will be necessary to ensure supervision and provide social services on lines similar to these adopted in many European countries. (Paragraphs 4, 33-40, 70, 75).

(xii). Slum clearance envisages reduced building density and reduced population density, and in consequence a large number of the present population will eventually have to be housed elsewhere. This accommodation must be available before slum clearance can be commenced. (Paragraphs 78, 79).

(xiii). Before the actual clearance of slums can be undertaken, it will be necessary to prepare a survey of local industry and housing, each in relation to the other; to prepare a survey of existing buildings, particularly houses, in order to find the number and situation of those which do not conform to acceptable standards; to prepare a key plan as a guide to redevelopment as opportunity occurs; to survey sites and prepare plans for possible new developments; and to prepare legislation and devise machinery necessary to give effect to town planning and housing schemes. This preparatory work and eventual constructional work will take many years and some form of permanent authority will be necessary to organize, carry out and control such an undertaking. (Paragraphs 84, 94-103).

(xiv). If the provision of working class housing and the clearance of slums be undertaken financial provision will be required for :-

(a) New housing, both in new and built-up areas, for those who can afford

a small economic return.

(b) New housing for those who can only be housed at a loss.

(c) Compensation arising out of slum clearance,

وو.

(xv). Of the means of raising revenue for these purposes two which most immediately occur to mind are a loan or a special tax. A possible alternative is to raise revenue by the issue of Housing Shares” in the same way that, in commerce, capital is raised by issuing shares. The last method, if successful, would eliminate the sinking fund for amortization of lean. Should circumstances permit funds might be provided from general revenue. For compensation arising out of slum clearance this might be feasible, but the provision of new housing will involve the annual expenditure of large sums, which may be beyond the capacity of general revenue, on its present basis, to provide. The financial aspect needs further examination by specialists. (Paragraphs 62, 63, 71, 72, 73, 86, 89, 90, 92).

(xvi). If and when slum clearance be decided upon, it is highly desirable that progress should be subject to as little fluctuation as possible. This would involve a steady supply of funds. (Paragraph 92).

(xvii). It is also desirable that, in order to combat the evil effects of over- crowding, parks should be provided. It is not suggested that these parks should be laid out and equipped for organized games, but that they should simply be open spaces in which the population can enjoy fresh air. They should be in or close to the congested areas and should be large enough to ensure that the air is