232
16. During last summer two lectures on Typhoons have been given before the British Mercantile Marine Officers Association of Hongkong. These lectures have been very extensively reprinted and quoted in Europe and elsewhere, and a second edition will shortly be issued. Storm warnings cannot of course reach those at sea but by means of these lectures in conjunction with observations made on board according to the "Instructions for making meteorological observations in China" and a comparison of the warnings issued from the Observatory on arrival in port, much experience of navigating during the typhoon season may be gained by mariners.
17. Tri-hourly observations have been made by the keepers at the Gap Rock lighthouse, which is situated about 32 miles to the SSW of Hongkong Observatory, since the end of 1892. The following table exhibits the monthly means of these observations. The first column gives the difference of barometric pressure, Observatory minus lighthouse, reduced to M.S.L., and appears to indiente that the daily variation is less at the lighthouse than at the Observatory. The second colume shows the direction of the wind which has a greater annual variation than at the Observatory being more northerly in winter and more southerly in summer. The third column exhibits the wind force to decimals of Beaufort's scale. It is on an average twice as great as at the Observatory, but has a much smaller annual variation than in Hongkong. The fourth exhibits the sea disturbance (0-9). It varies as the wind force.
Table II.
Observations made at Gap Rock in 1893.
1 8.
48.
倡
Month.
Bar.
Wind.
Sea.
Bar,
Wind.
Sead
Bar.
Wind.
Sea.
Jannary,
+ +015
E 53° N
4.2 2.8
+007
E 50° N
4.7 3.0*019
E 47° N
4.5 2.9
February,
+ :023
E 45 N
4.7 3.3
012]
E 41 N
4.8 3.3 +028
E 36 N
5.0 3.3
March,
+ 013
E 38 N
4.0 2.7
*002
E 23 N
4.1 2.8 +011
E 25 N
4.3 2.8
April,
+ 011
E 8
3.5 2.3
•011
E 4 S
3.6 2.4 +001
E 1 N
3.4 2.2
May,
1000 E 10 S
4.1 2.8
⚫004
June,
+ •007¦ S 20 E
3.8 2.5
# 001
July,
+010
S 6 W
3.5 2.3 + 003
Angust,...
+016
September,
+ 1008
S 21 E E 21
3.5 2.0 + 009
E 9 S S 16 E S 14 W $ 23 E
4.0 2.9+008 3.9 2.5 +'005 3.5 2.4 +005 3.4 2.0·015
E 9 S
4.2 2.8
S 10 E
3.7 2.4
S 20 W
3.3 2.3
S 41 E
3.2 1.9
N
4.0 2.5
+005
E 27 N
.4.0 | 2.6 +010
E 34 N
3.9 2.4
October,
+ 080
E11 N
4.6 3.0
November,
+012
E 15 N
4.0 2.5
+019 ⚫009
E 14 N
4.9 3.1027
E 15 N
4.9 3.2
E 18 N
4.0 2.5 +019
E 19 N
4.3 2.6
December,...
+016 E 29 N
3.8 2.3
# 008
Year....
+1013 E 3 S
4.0 2.6+ ·005
E 28 N E 5 S
4.0 2.4 +018 4.1 2.7 +014
E 31 N
4.0 2.3
E 3 S
4.1 2.6
10 a.
1 p.
4 p.
Month.
Ваг.
Wind.
Sea. Bar.
Wind.
Sea.
Bar.
Wina
Sea.
January, February,
ARRANG
+'021
E 49° N
4.8 3.1'003
E 40° N
4.9 3,1
·000
E 42° N
4.2.9
+*029
E 41 N
5.0 3.3
+008
E 40 N
March,
+014
E 25 N
4.3 3.0
April,
+004
E
3.4 2.2
May,
+010
E 5o N
4.6 2.9
June,
AAAAAAA man pada ana
+009
S 19 E
3.4 2.4
July,
+009
S 27 W
3.3 2,3
August,.
+016
$ 61 E
3.4 2.0
September,
+0:05
E 38 N
October,
+023
E.21 N
November,
+013
E 25 N
December,..
+009
E 29 N
Year,...
+013
E
4.A 2.5 5.4 3.4 4.4 2.6 3.9 2.2 4.1 2.7
-'008 -.013 -*005 -'006 4·002 -'001 -'003 +'009 -.010 -'007 -'003
E 23 N E 9 8 E 3 N $ 17 E S 24 W $ 13 E E 31 N E 18 N E 26 N E 29 N E 5 S
5.0 3.4 4.1 2.9 -*007 3.5 2.3. -*014 4.3 2.9 -'006 3.6 2.3 -·007 3.2 2.2 -002
'000
E 41 N
4.2 3.2
E 23 N
4.0 2.8
E 14 S
3.6 2.4
E 3 S
4.5 3.0
S 21 E
3.6 2.4
S 17 W
3.5 2.3
3.5 2.1+002 4.1 2.6 *000
S 9 E
3.4 2.1
E 26 N
4.0 2.1
4.9 3.3 +004
E 18 N
4.7 3.3
4.3 2.7 -.015 3.7 2.3 4.1 2.7.
E 13 N
4.1 2.5
-'011 -.005
E 29 N
3.6 2.3
E 7
4.0 2.6
7 P.
10 p.
Mean
Month.
Bar.
Wind.
Sea. Bar.
Wind.
Sea. Bar.
Wind.
January, February,
+010 ++007
March,
April,
May,
June,
-
July, August,... September,
October,
November,
-003 -*004 E 16
.005 E 5 S -·D03 S 21 E +'002 S 8 W +011
S 25 E +:005
E 42° N E 87 N E 19 N
E 5 N
+011
E 8 N
+:007
E 14. N
December,..
Year,..
+008 +004
E 28 N
E & S
4.3 2.8·020 4.1 3.2 +023 3.8 2.5+010 3.5 2.4 +012 4.4 2.9 +011 3.6 2.4 +018 3.4 2.3 +020 3.1 2.0 +'022 3.8 2.5 +014 4.5 3.1 +'026 3.8 2.5 +016 3.5 2.2
+013 3.8 2.6·017
E 44° N E 38 N E 23 N E 9 S E 14 S S 13 E S 1 E S 23 E E 26 N E 6 N E 17 N E 29 N E 6 S
4.3 2.8 +011 4.33.2 3.6 2.6 3.8 2.5 4.5 2.9 +·001 3.7 2.4+003 3.4 2.4 +006 3.1 1.9 +011 3.8 2.5+006 4.5 3.1 +019 3.7 2.5 +'006 3.5 2.2 +007 3.9 2.6 +007
E 46° N
4.5 2.9
-
+016 +004 -·002
E 40 N
4.6 3.3
E 25 N
4.0 2.8
E 7 S
3.5 2.8
E 5 S
4.8 2.9
S 17 E
3.7 2.4
S 14 W
3.4 2.3
S 26 E
8.3 2.0
E 26 N
4.0 2.5
E 13 N E 18 N E 29 N E 5 S
4.7 3.2
4.1 2.6
3.8 2.3
4.0 2.6
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