Sessional_Paper_1893 — Page 410

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situated is 50° in the northern part of the The centre bears 12 points from the wind. the centre the wind does not blow in a circle canes elsewhere.

18

China Sea and in the southern part of the sea it is 40°. North of Formosa it bears 10 points from the wind. Near round the centre as is sometimes stated concerning hurri-

About on an average 150 miles from the centre the incurvature in front and in the dangerous semi-circle is 3 points, .e. the centre bears 11 points from the wind. In the manageable semi-circle it is 4 points, .e. the centre bears 12 points from the wind. In rear it is 5 points, .. the centre bears 13 points from the wind. It will be remarked that the wind blows across the path in front and helps a vessel to run across the path in front of the centre keeping the wind on the starboard quarter 3 points from the stern. In rear the wind blows more straight in towards the centre.

At places farther from the centre the wind's incurvature towards the centre is greater e.g. at a distance of 200 miles the centre bears on an average 13 points from the wind. At distances above 300 miles the centre bears about 15 points from the wind. On the weather maps the light winds at a dist- ance from the centre appear to blow almost straight towards the typhoon. It is only when the wind- velocity increases that the rotation of the earth and subsequently centrifugal force cause the air particles to deviate from the straight line from high to low pressure.

The prevailing wind carries the centre along with it and combines with the rotary storm causing the wind in the right-hand (the dangerous) semi-circle to be stronger and to blow more nearly round the centre, than in the left (the manageable) semi-circle, where the wind is more moderate and has greater incurvature.

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In the daily tables of observations made at noon at the stations the first column shows the readings of the barometer (corrected and reduced to sea level), the second column shows their change since noon on the previous day (+ means a rise, a fall). The third and fourth columns show direction and force of wind, and the fifth the weather. In the observations made at noon and taken from ship logs the first column is the latitude, the second the longitude, the third the barometer reading (with all corrections applied as accurately as possible in each case), the fourth and fifth wind direction and force, and the sixth weather. The bearing of the ship and its distance in miles is sometimes given after the second column, and for the stations the same is sometimes given before the first column.

Plates I, II and III exhibit the paths of the typhoons in 1892 except the typhoon in the beginning of November in the Gulf of Siam. There were 21 in all. The positions of the centres are given at noon (local time) for the date marked. Where the curves are dotted, they are only approximately

correct.

Plate IV exhibits six figures. Figure 1 shows a typhoon from July 20th at noon to the 22nd at noon inclusive. The isobars for 29.20, 29.30, 29.40, and 29.50 are drawn. The wind-directions are shown by aid of continuous curves. The forces are shown in figures, and the direction of the motion of the centre is shown by a barbed arrow. Figure 2 shows a typhoon from August 16th at 9 p. to the 17th at 9 p. inclusive. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, and 29.50 are drawn. Figure 3 shows a typhoon from September 6th at noon to the 8th at 6 a. inclusive. The isobars for 29.00, 29.10, 29.20, 29.30, and 29.40 are drawn. The motion of the centre is shown by a barbed arrow. The arrows in the lower part of the figure shows the directions of divergent winds. Figure 4 shows a typhoon from October 10th at 9 a. to the 11th at noon inclusive. There are no isobars in this figure. Figure 5 is a weather-map for noon of the 17th August. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, 29.50, and 29.60 are drawn. The wind-direc- tions and forces observed on shore and on board ship are shown. The arrows fly with the wind. Figure 6 is a weather-map for noon on the 18th September. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, 29.50, and 29.60 are drawn. The wind is shown the same as above. The top of the plate is N and the bottom is S. A scale of 100 miles is shown in figure 4. That applies to all the figures on plate IV.

LIST OF OBSERVING STATIONS.

Station.

Latitude North.

Longi- tude East.

Station,

Latitude North.

Longi- tude East.

Station.

Latitude North.

Longi-

tude

East.

Newchwang,

40° 35'

Yuensal,

39 09

122° 00' Steep Island, 127 33 Ningpo,

30° 12′

122° 36' Lamocks, 29 58 121 44 Canton,

23° 15'

117° 18′

23 07

113 17

Taku,

38 55 117 51Kiukiang,

29 43 116 07

Anping,

22 59

120 13

Howki,

Chefoo,

38 04 37 34 121 32

120 39 Wenchow,

Foochow,

28 00 26 08

120 35

Breaker Point,

22 56

116 28

119 38

Takow,

22 36

120 16

Chemulpo,

37 29

126 37 Middle Dog,

25 58

119 02

Hongkong,.

22 18

114 10

N.E. Shantung Py,.

37 24

122 42 Turnabout,.

25 26

119 59

South Cape,

21 55

120 51

Fusan,

35 05

129 06 | Tamsui.

Chinkiang,

32 12

119 30|Keelung,

25 10 25 08

121 25

Pakhoi,

21 29

109 06

121 45

Haiphong,

20 52

106 40

Woosung,

31 35

121 27 Ockseu,

Wuhu,

31 22

118 22 Amoy,

North Saddle,.

30 52

122 40 Chapel Island,

24 59 24 27 24 10

119 28 118 04

Hoihow,

20 03

110 20

Bolinao,

16 24

119 55

118 13

Manila,

14 37

120 57

Hankow,

30 33

114 20 Fisher Island,

23 33

119 28

Cape St. James,

10 20

107 04

Ichang,

30 12

111 19 Swatow,...

23 20

116 43