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Shanghai, named the Guang Zhao Gongsuo,

Needless to say, Tang was famous amongst Cantonese merchants. In 1876, when Tang was organizing the telegraph office in Fuzhou, he was invited by Ding Richang to set up a Chinese bank with branches in Tokyo and London. The venture was supported by a group of Cantonese merchants to set up a modern bank with a paid-up capital of three hundred thousand taels to meet the increasing need of a financial institution to accelerate Chinese trade in foreign countries. Tang was also active in business circles in Hong Kong. He joined in partnership with his brother Tang Maozhi in the first sugar refinery in Hong Kong. Tang contributed three thousand taels while William McGregor Smith contributed the largest share of sixteen thousand taels. They planned to export sugar to Jiujiang, but probably due to Tang's transfer to Shanghai, export of refined sugar was changed to connect with Shanghai where they operated successfully until 1864. Afterwards Tang sold his share to his brother Tang Maozhi. The refinery was set up at East Point, Hong Kong, under the name of Smith, Wahee & Co. However, it eventually went bankrupt and was taken over by Jardine, Matheson & Co.

Tang left his work at China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co. in 1884 to manage the Kaiping Mines in Tianjin in which he had a personal investment of three hundred thousand taels. It has to be mentioned that with the appointment of Tang as the Kaiping's general manager, a large number of Cantonese workers were recruited for Tianjin. By 1891, the number of Cantonese workers had grown to five hundred of which some had returned from California and Australia. Though these Cantonese miners were more skilled and experienced than local workers, they did not get along with the local people and refused to teach their skills to the northerners, as they were called. In 1883 a group of a hundred men from Swatow had to be discharged because of conflicts between them and their headmen.

Zhang Guanying (1842-1922)

Zheng was born in Zhongshan. It is unclear when he moved from Zhongshan to Macau but it was certain that he had received his traditional education in Canton. After Zheng had failed in the public examination, he decided to become a merchant. In 1858, he was sent to his uncle Zheng Tingjiang in Shanghai, who had been a comprador to Overweg & Co. Zheng soon entered into the Anglo-Chinese School organized by a
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RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1991
https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/k356gt84j
34

Chan Kin Tong 陳健堂 Cheang Hoong WA Chen Xuyuan 陳照元 Ding Richang TRS Guo Piao 郭標

Ho Kai 何啟

Ho Tung 何東

Huang Huan'nan #

Jian Dongfu 簡東甫

Glossary

Wu Jianzhang f Xu Rongcun 徐榮村 Xu Run 徐潤 Xu Yuting 徐鈺亭 Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 Zheng Guanying

Zheng Tingjiang

Baoyuanxiang 寶源祥

Zuo Zongtang E

Law Pak Sheung

A

Bendi 本地

Law Sai Nam 劉世南

Lee Chak 李澤

guandu-shangban

Leung Xiu 梁喬 Li Hing 李慶

Li Hongzhang 李鴻章 Lo Hok Pang #09 Ng A Cheong AS

O Kee Cheung 柯其祥 Sheng Xuanhuai 盛宣懷 Soong Xe 宋琪

Sung Chin Tseung

Tong Mow Chee #

Tong Ying Shu (Xing Sing)

唐廷樞(景星)

Wei Kwong #*

Wei Yuk 韋玉

Danjia 晉家 #

Guang Yang Xing 廣陽興

Guang Zhao Gongsuo 廣肇公所 Heshengxiang #

huashang fugu huodong HÆ!

Kejia 客家

lianhao 聯號

O Chin Sin Tong

Qing Xu Yuzhi Xiansheng Run

Zixu Nianpu

清徐雨之先生潤自序年譜

Sanyi 三邑

Shiyi 四邑

tongxiang hui 同鄉會

Zongban 總辦

Wong Kong 黄亞廣

References

Cheng, T C. 1969 Chinese Unofficial Members of the Legislative and Executive Councils

in Hong Kong In Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 9: 1-30

Choi, Chi-cheung 1991 Cong difangzhi kan Xiangshan xian difang shili de zhuanbian (The influence of migration in Xiangshan county as viewed from local gazetteers) In Zhongguo Shehui Jingjishi Yanjiu 1991/1: 60-8

1993. Competition among Brothers: the Kun Tye Lung Company and its Associate Companies, Unpublished paper presented at the Workshop on Chinese Business Houses in Southeast Asia since 1870 School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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