RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2002 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mp4901278 NOTES Abbreviations: Colonial Office - CO JIA - Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia JMBRAS - Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society JSEAH - Journal of Southeast Asian History SFP - Singapore Free Press SSR - Straits Settlements Records The Government of the Straits Settlement Act, 1866. 29 & 30 Vicc 115 - An Act to provide for the Government of the Straits Settlements. Turnbull, The Straits Settlements 1826-67 Indian Presidency to Crown Colony. (1972) Oxford University Press, p 379 Among the various historians on Malayan history, Mary C Turnbull's comments on the Straits Settlements prior to the Transfer in 1867 are, by far, the most balanced and comprehensive, and her views on this area are invaluable. While the following facts were gathered from several historians' works, I have been influenced strongly by Turnbull's analysis. I have attempted to summarize in the following 3 sections Turnbull's views based closely on her Introduction to The Straits Settlements 1826-67 Indian Presidency to Crown Colony. cf. Treaty of 6 February 1819 (Johore 1819) (Treaties with Native States Part III) Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the EIC and the Sultan of Johore in 1824, cf. Treaties with Native States p 16 Part III cf. Article 10 of the treaty Turnbull, The Straits Settlements 1826-67 Indian Presidency to Crown Colony, Introduction p 3 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2002 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mp4901278 14 8 ref. to the map of the Malay Peninsula 9 under the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Alliance of 1800 10 (Malacca's land area included the town and hinterland about 40 miles long, 25 miles wide) "Turnbull, Ibid, p 3 cf. SSR, S 32, Items 105, 204; SSR, R 45, pp 246-7 12 under the Charter Act of 1833; cf. Hansard Parliamentary Debates 3rd series vol. cxlix p 988 13 Turnbull, Ibid, p 3 14 Turnbull, Ibid, p 4 15 Turnbull, Ibid, p 4 16 Turnbull, Ibid, p 4 17 Turnbull, Ibid, p 4 18 Turnbull, Ibid, p 4; Thio Eunice British Policy in the Malay Peninsula 1880-1910 Vol. 1 Introduction pp xvi–xvii 19 Parliamentary Papers, 1862, xl (House of Commons) 259, pp 585-8; Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce, 13 Oct 1857; Buckley C, An Anecdotal History of Old Time in Singapore 20 cf. Hansard Parliamentary Debates 3rd ser. cxlix, 986-90 21 Buckley C, Ibid p 755 22 Turnbull, The Straits Settlements 1826-67 Chap 2 p 59 23 Mills LA, British Malaya 1824-1867 Chap 5 p 96-97; Jones W, Public Administration in Malaya, Chap 1 p 13; Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons No 259 of 1862, 13 (Vol. xl) I 24 Ibid, Chap 5 p 89 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2002 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mp4901278 23 86 they were considered a bad influence by Sir Richard MacCulloch, Recorder of Singapore 1856-66, and merchants and Grand Juries made "vague accusations from time to time" (Turnbull, supra (on convicts), p 99) *for example, between 1830 and 1850, more than 1500 Thugs were sent to Singapore and Penang, and they played a prominent part in the Dusserah and Muharram festivals, turning them into the rowdy display of hooliganism they became by the middle of the century.' (Turnbull, supra (on convicts), p 100) 88 for example, transportation of convicts to the Straits Settlements were put to an end in 1860 (Annual retrospect for 1860 in SFP 10 Jan 1861) 89 for example, Governor Cavenagh took a personal interest in the convict administration, the health of the convicts improved, death rates fell with more attention paid to their diet; better supervision, incentive bonuses enhanced their efficiency 90 1857 riots "1 albeit that their fears were groundless in most instances BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources: Hansard Parliamentary Debates 3rd ser, cxlix, (986 - 996) Parliamentary Papers, 1862, xl (House of Commons) The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce Singapore Free Press CO273 series (Straits Settlements, Original Correspondence) Straits Settlements Records (Microfilm 139, 141, 142, 184) Treaties: Treaty of 6 February 1819 (Johore 1819) (Treaties with Native States, Part III) Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the EIC and the Sultan of Johore (1824) (Treaties with Native States Part III) Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Alliance of 1800 (Treaties with Native States, Part I) Page 90 Page 91 ================================================================================